Situs inversus in a dog

Background: Situs inversus (SI) is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the transposition of the viscera (thoracic and/or abdominal) to the opposite side of its normal topography, as a mirror image. In situs inversus totalis (SIT), all organs are inverted, in addition to the cardiac apex being directed to the right side of the body (dextrocardia). It may not present any clinical signs, and hence, it may be an accidental finding. Because of the rare occurrence of SIT, no epidemiological studies have been conducted in dogs. In 50% of the cases, it may be associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), which causes respiratory clinical signs. SIT can be diagnosed using routine examinations such as ultrasonography, radiography, tomography, and echocardiography. The objective of this paper was to describe the radiographic and echocardiographic findings in a dog with SIT.Case: A 4-month-old Yorkshire Terrier bitch was admitted to the veterinary clinic, with a clinical complaint of cough. A physical examination showed that the dog’s general conditions were good; it had normal appetite and the mucous membranes had a normal color. Radiographic examination revealed changes in the topographic anatomy of the organs. The cardiac silhouette was inverted, adopting a “D” form; this suggested that the left-side chambers were positioned on the right side, and the right-side chambers were located in the left topographic region. The aortic arch was visible on the right side of the thorax. A diffuse non-structured pulmonary interstitial pattern was observed on latero-lateral projections, which could be associated with an inflammatory process. The fundic region of the stomach, spleen, and thymus were visible on the right side. The liver was on the left side of the patient’s abdomen. The stomach contained a foreign body of radiopaque nature that was considered a radiographic finding.[...]

Situs inversus in a dog

Background: Situs inversus (SI) is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the transposition of the viscera (thoracic and/or abdominal) to the opposite side of its normal topography, as a mirror image. In situs inversus totalis (SIT), all organs are inverted, in addition to the cardiac apex being directed to the right side of the body (dextrocardia). It may not present any clinical signs, and hence, it may be an accidental finding. Because of the rare occurrence of SIT, no epidemiological studies have been conducted in dogs. In 50% of the cases, it may be associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), which causes respiratory clinical signs. SIT can be diagnosed using routine examinations such as ultrasonography, radiography, tomography, and echocardiography. The objective of this paper was to describe the radiographic and echocardiographic findings in a dog with SIT.Case: A 4-month-old Yorkshire Terrier bitch was admitted to the veterinary clinic, with a clinical complaint of cough. A physical examination showed that the dogs general conditions were good; it had normal appetite and the mucous membranes had a normal color. Radiographic examination revealed changes in the topographic anatomy of the organs. The cardiac silhouette was inverted, adopting a “D” form; this suggested that the left-side chambers were positioned on the right side, and the right-side chambers were located in the left topographic region. The aortic arch was visible on the right side of the thorax. A diffuse non-structured pulmonary interstitial pattern was observed on latero-lateral projections, which could be associated with an inflammatory process. The fundic region of the stomach, spleen, and thymus were visible on the right side. The liver was on the left side of the patients abdomen. The stomach contained a foreign body of radiopaque nature that was considered a radiographic finding.[...](AU)

Hemangiossarcoma cardíaco primário em cão - relato de caso / Primary cardiac hemangiosarcoma in a dog - case report / Hemangiosarcoma cardiaco primario en perro - relato de caso

Tumores cardíacos são pouco frequentes em cães. De etiologia desconhecida, acredita-se que existam fatores genéticos que influenciem o aparecimento desse tipo de neoplasia. No estágio inicial, não provocam sinais clínicos relevantes, mas à medida que o tumor primário avança, haverá compromisso da função cardíaca. Esses tumores podem ser confundidos com quadros de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. O hemangiossarcoma é uma das neoplasias cardíacas mais frequentes e pode ter diversas localizações, porém geralmente acomete o átrio direito. As neoplasias cardíacas não costumam provocar metástases, porém indicam mau prognóstico para os pacientes. As alternativas terapêuticas, quando possíveis, incluem a cirurgia e a quimioterapia. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar um caso de hemangiossarcoma cardíaco primário numa cadela dachshund de pelo duro de oito anos, detalhando as alterações clínicas encontradas, os exames complementares realizados e a confirmação diagnóstica final por meio da necropsia e do exame histopatológico.

Cardiac tumors are uncommon in dogs. Their etiology is unknown, and it is believed that genetic factors may have an influence on the appearance of this type of neoplasia. At the initial stage, they do not cause relevant clinical signs, but as the primary tumor progresses, cardiac function is affected. These tumors may be confused with congestive heart failure. Hemangiosarcoma is one of the most frequent cardiac neoplasms and may have several locations, but it usually affects the right atrium. Cardiac neoplasms do not usually metastasize, but have poor prognosis for patients. Therapeutic alternatives, when possible, include surgery and chemotherapy. The objective of the present study was to report a case of primary cardiac hemangiosarcoma in an eight-year-old Dachshund bitch, presenting the clinical alterations found, the complementary exams performed and the final diagnostic confirmation through necropsy and histopathological examination.

Los tumores cardíacos son poco frecuentes en perros. Si bien su etiología es desconocida, se cree que existen factores genéticos relacionados con la presentación de este tipo de tumores. En estadios iniciales no suelen provocar signos clínicos relevantes, pero a medida que el tumor crece, habrá un compromiso de la función cardíaca. Este tipo de tumores pueden ser confundidos con cuadros de insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva. El hemangiosarcoma es una de las neoplasias cardíacas más frecuentes y, si bien puede tener diferentes localizaciones, suele afectar más el atrio derecho. Las neoplasias cardíacas no suelen dar metástasis; no obstante, estos pacientes tienen mal pronóstico. Las alternativas terapéuticas, cuando pueden ser realizadas, incluyen la cirugía y la quimioterapia. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue relatar el caso de una perra Dachshund pelo duro de ocho años que presentó un hemangiosarcoma cardíaco primario, detallándose las alteraciones clínicas encontradas, los exámenes complementarios realizados y su confirmación diagnóstica final por necropsia y examen histopatológico.

Hemangiossarcoma cardíaco primário em cão - relato de caso / Primary cardiac hemangiosarcoma in a dog - case report / Hemangiosarcoma cardiaco primario en perro - relato de caso

Tumores cardíacos são pouco frequentes em cães. De etiologia desconhecida, acredita-se que existam fatores genéticos que influenciem o aparecimento desse tipo de neoplasia. No estágio inicial, não provocam sinais clínicos relevantes, mas à medida que o tumor primário avança, haverá compromisso da função cardíaca. Esses tumores podem ser confundidos com quadros de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. O hemangiossarcoma é uma das neoplasias cardíacas mais frequentes e pode ter diversas localizações, porém geralmente acomete o átrio direito. As neoplasias cardíacas não costumam provocar metástases, porém indicam mau prognóstico para os pacientes. As alternativas terapêuticas, quando possíveis, incluem a cirurgia e a quimioterapia. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar um caso de hemangiossarcoma cardíaco primário numa cadela dachshund de pelo duro de oito anos, detalhando as alterações clínicas encontradas, os exames complementares realizados e a confirmação diagnóstica final por meio da necropsia e do exame histopatológico.(AU)

Cardiac tumors are uncommon in dogs. Their etiology is unknown, and it is believed that genetic factors may have an influence on the appearance of this type of neoplasia. At the initial stage, they do not cause relevant clinical signs, but as the primary tumor progresses, cardiac function is affected. These tumors may be confused with congestive heart failure. Hemangiosarcoma is one of the most frequent cardiac neoplasms and may have several locations, but it usually affects the right atrium. Cardiac neoplasms do not usually metastasize, but have poor prognosis for patients. Therapeutic alternatives, when possible, include surgery and chemotherapy. The objective of the present study was to report a case of primary cardiac hemangiosarcoma in an eight-year-old Dachshund bitch, presenting the clinical alterations found, the complementary exams performed and the final diagnostic confirmation through necropsy and histopathological examination.(AU)

Los tumores cardíacos son poco frecuentes en perros. Si bien su etiología es desconocida, se cree que existen factores genéticos relacionados con la presentación de este tipo de tumores. En estadios iniciales no suelen provocar signos clínicos relevantes, pero a medida que el tumor crece, habrá un compromiso de la función cardíaca. Este tipo de tumores pueden ser confundidos con cuadros de insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva. El hemangiosarcoma es una de las neoplasias cardíacas más frecuentes y, si bien puede tener diferentes localizaciones, suele afectar más el atrio derecho. Las neoplasias cardíacas no suelen dar metástasis; no obstante, estos pacientes tienen mal pronóstico. Las alternativas terapéuticas, cuando pueden ser realizadas, incluyen la cirugía y la quimioterapia. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue relatar el caso de una perra Dachshund pelo duro de ocho años que presentó un hemangiosarcoma cardíaco primario, detallándose las alteraciones clínicas encontradas, los exámenes complementarios realizados y su confirmación diagnóstica final por necropsia y examen histopatológico. (AU)