Calcium propionate increased milk parameters in Holstein cows

Background: In the early lactation, dairy cows go through a period of negative energy balance because they do not intakeenough food to supply the energetic demand of milk production. In this period, dairy cows are susceptible to metabolicdisorders, although has little evidence that milk production contribute to increase diseases occurrence. Some alternativesto minimize metabolic disorders, that reduce milk yield, has been suggested, as increase energy density in the diet of drycows 21 days before the parturition and include additives in the diet pre and post-partum. The aim of this study was tomeasure the productive parameters in dairy cows fed calcium salts as energetic source.Materials, Methods & Results: Two Latin square 4x4 were used, whereas one comprehended of early lactation cows andthe other of mid lactation cows. Animals of 2nd and 3rd parity were used only. Parity was distributed evenly among groups.The trial consisted of 4 groups with 4 treatments as follow: T1: 300 g of calcium acetate, T2: 200 g of calcium propionate,T3: 200 g of calcium salts of fatty acids, and T4: control without any calcium additive. The animals were milked twice aday, the first milking at 07:00 am and the second milking at 05:00 pm. Milk samples were collected in plastic containerswith potassium dichromate. These samples were sent to the Laboratory of Milk Analysis of the Paranaense Association ofBreeders of the Holstein Breed for analysis of fat, protein, lactose and total solids through the infrared method. Throughoutthe experimental period, the daily production of the animals under study was recorded. The production of milk (kg) wascorrected to 3.5% fat using the formula PLA 3.5% = (0.432 + kg milk) + (0.1623 x kg milk x fat content).Discussion: Greater supply of glucose or propionate stimulate milk protein production, but the mechanism of this stimulation is unclear...

Calcium propionate increased milk parameters in Holstein cows

Background: In the early lactation, dairy cows go through a period of negative energy balance because they do not intakeenough food to supply the energetic demand of milk production. In this period, dairy cows are susceptible to metabolicdisorders, although has little evidence that milk production contribute to increase diseases occurrence. Some alternativesto minimize metabolic disorders, that reduce milk yield, has been suggested, as increase energy density in the diet of drycows 21 days before the parturition and include additives in the diet pre and post-partum. The aim of this study was tomeasure the productive parameters in dairy cows fed calcium salts as energetic source.Materials, Methods & Results: Two Latin square 4x4 were used, whereas one comprehended of early lactation cows andthe other of mid lactation cows. Animals of 2nd and 3rd parity were used only. Parity was distributed evenly among groups.The trial consisted of 4 groups with 4 treatments as follow: T1: 300 g of calcium acetate, T2: 200 g of calcium propionate,T3: 200 g of calcium salts of fatty acids, and T4: control without any calcium additive. The animals were milked twice aday, the first milking at 07:00 am and the second milking at 05:00 pm. Milk samples were collected in plastic containerswith potassium dichromate. These samples were sent to the Laboratory of Milk Analysis of the Paranaense Association ofBreeders of the Holstein Breed for analysis of fat, protein, lactose and total solids through the infrared method. Throughoutthe experimental period, the daily production of the animals under study was recorded. The production of milk (kg) wascorrected to 3.5% fat using the formula PLA 3.5% = (0.432 + kg milk) + (0.1623 x kg milk x fat content).Discussion: Greater supply of glucose or propionate stimulate milk protein production, but the mechanism of this stimulation is unclear...(AU)

Action of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin on viability of ram semen

Background: Studies report that cyclodextrins have the property of carrying cholesterol to the membrane, but in some casescan also remove this cholesterol from the plasma membrane. The mechanism of action of CLC is not well understood,however, it seems to involve sperm protection during the freezing and thawing process. Studies show that its use enhancingincreased osmotic tolerance and reduced premature sperm capacitation reaction. In this sense, studies report that cyclodextrins have the property of carrying cholesterol to the membrane, but in some cases can also remove this cholesterol fromthe plasma membrane. Improvements were reported in the sperm parameters of buffaloes, bulls, stallions and sheep. Ramnaturally present less lipids in their membrane, on average 27%, while bulls have 31%, rabbits 62%, and humans 50%.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC), a commercial diluent, inthe kinetics and viability of frozen and thawed ram spermatozoa.Materials, Methods & Results: Five ejaculates, from five rams of Dorper breed were collected and divided into three groups:control, 1 mg CLC and 2 mg CLC. Semen was diluted in different concentrations of CLC (0, 1, and 2 mg/120×106 spermatozoa), and incubated at room temperature (21°C) for 10 min. Samples were conditioned in 0.5 mL straws and incubatedat 5°C for 4 h, exposed to LN2 vapor for 10 min and storing a cryogenic container. The parameters as spermatic kinetics,plasma membrane, acrosomal membrane (MPAI, %), and intracellular levels of superoxide anion (O2-) were evaluated.Sperm progressive motility (PM), rapid spermatozoa percentage (RAP), linearity (LIN, %), average path velocity (VAP,μm/s) and MPAI (%) were more satisfactory with the use of 1 mg compared to 2 mg (P < 0.05). In addition, 1 mg CLCshowed decreased levels of superoxide anion formation (O2-), a free...

Action of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin on viability of ram semen

Background: Studies report that cyclodextrins have the property of carrying cholesterol to the membrane, but in some casescan also remove this cholesterol from the plasma membrane. The mechanism of action of CLC is not well understood,however, it seems to involve sperm protection during the freezing and thawing process. Studies show that its use enhancingincreased osmotic tolerance and reduced premature sperm capacitation reaction. In this sense, studies report that cyclodextrins have the property of carrying cholesterol to the membrane, but in some cases can also remove this cholesterol fromthe plasma membrane. Improvements were reported in the sperm parameters of buffaloes, bulls, stallions and sheep. Ramnaturally present less lipids in their membrane, on average 27%, while bulls have 31%, rabbits 62%, and humans 50%.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC), a commercial diluent, inthe kinetics and viability of frozen and thawed ram spermatozoa.Materials, Methods & Results: Five ejaculates, from five rams of Dorper breed were collected and divided into three groups:control, 1 mg CLC and 2 mg CLC. Semen was diluted in different concentrations of CLC (0, 1, and 2 mg/120×106 spermatozoa), and incubated at room temperature (21°C) for 10 min. Samples were conditioned in 0.5 mL straws and incubatedat 5°C for 4 h, exposed to LN2 vapor for 10 min and storing a cryogenic container. The parameters as spermatic kinetics,plasma membrane, acrosomal membrane (MPAI, %), and intracellular levels of superoxide anion (O2-) were evaluated.Sperm progressive motility (PM), rapid spermatozoa percentage (RAP), linearity (LIN, %), average path velocity (VAP,μm/s) and MPAI (%) were more satisfactory with the use of 1 mg compared to 2 mg (P < 0.05). In addition, 1 mg CLCshowed decreased levels of superoxide anion formation (O2-), a free...(AU)

Blood parameters of lactating cows fed calcium salts as energetic source

Background: The negative energetic balance of lactating cows that occurs during the few weeks postpartum shifts the hormonal profile of the animal. These alterations may lead to metabolic disturbance as ketosis and lipid infiltration. Hypocalcemia is another metabolic problem that occurs in the peripartum period, it is characterized by the reduction in blood levels of calcium (Ca2+) near birth. Blood parameters illustrates the nutritional status of milking cows. The serum levels of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and cholesterol are parameters that reveal liver condition and it is very important for the metabolism of milking cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate three additives in the form of a calcium salts on blood parameters of lactating cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Two Latin square 4x4 were used, whereas one comprehended of early lactation cows and the other of mid lactation cows. Animals of 2nd and 3rd parity were used only. Parity was distributed evenly among groups. The trial consisted of 4 groups with 4 treatments as follow: T1: 300 g of calcium acetate, T2: 200 g of calcium propionate, T3: 200 g of calcium salts of fatty acids, and T4: control without any calcium additive. Blood samples were collected for analysis of serial calcium, glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and cholesterol. The calcium levels were higher in T1 than T3 in early lactation. There was no significant difference of glucose levels between groups. Groups T1 and T2 had lower amounts of BHBA. Cholesterol was higher in T3 and T1 in the early lactation and just in T3 was higher in the mid lactation.[...]

Blood parameters of lactating cows fed calcium salts as energetic source

Background: The negative energetic balance of lactating cows that occurs during the few weeks postpartum shifts the hormonal profile of the animal. These alterations may lead to metabolic disturbance as ketosis and lipid infiltration. Hypocalcemia is another metabolic problem that occurs in the peripartum period, it is characterized by the reduction in blood levels of calcium (Ca2+) near birth. Blood parameters illustrates the nutritional status of milking cows. The serum levels of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and cholesterol are parameters that reveal liver condition and it is very important for the metabolism of milking cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate three additives in the form of a calcium salts on blood parameters of lactating cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Two Latin square 4x4 were used, whereas one comprehended of early lactation cows and the other of mid lactation cows. Animals of 2nd and 3rd parity were used only. Parity was distributed evenly among groups. The trial consisted of 4 groups with 4 treatments as follow: T1: 300 g of calcium acetate, T2: 200 g of calcium propionate, T3: 200 g of calcium salts of fatty acids, and T4: control without any calcium additive. Blood samples were collected for analysis of serial calcium, glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and cholesterol. The calcium levels were higher in T1 than T3 in early lactation. There was no significant difference of glucose levels between groups. Groups T1 and T2 had lower amounts of BHBA. Cholesterol was higher in T3 and T1 in the early lactation and just in T3 was higher in the mid lactation.[...](AU)