Histopathological pattern recognition of cresty neck in horses in Spain

The aim of this study was to describe patterns of histopathological recognition of the cresty neck in Horses in Spain. A total of 250 horses were studied in Andalusia and Extremadura, Spain. Seventy-six percent of horses present cresty neck. The damage of the cresty neck in horses was categorized as Grade 0 - Muscle fibers are observed, no fat vacuoles are observed (24% of the horses). Grade 1 - Scarce adipose deposit was observed. An unaltered muscle tissue is observed (21% of the horses). Grade 2 - fat vacuoles are evident in muscle tissue intermyofibrillar space and prone to coalescence (23% of the horses). Grade 3 - Abundant fat vacuoles in the intermyofibrillar space, with tendency to coalesce, and low fat infiltration in muscle tissue (moderate lipomatosis) (16% of the horses). Grade 4 - Abundant fat vacuoles in the intermyofibrillar space, with tendency to coalesce, and fatty infiltration in muscle tissue (marked lipomatosis) (8% of the horses). Grade 5 - Only fat vacuoles are observed, without muscle tissue (severe lipomatosis) (8% of the horses). The results for desmin antibody (1: 100 dilution) was positive (++) in grades 0-2, and negative (-) in grades 3-5. These results suggest that as fat/lipomatosis infiltration increases (progresses in grades 3, 4 and 5), the intercellular space (intermyofibrillar) increases and therefore the cell cytoskeleton is lost, with loss of the bands Z, so the negative response to this antibody. Inconclusion, we describe histopathological pattern recognition of cresty neck in horses in Spain.

Histopathological pattern recognition of cresty neck in horses in Spain

The aim of this study was to describe patterns of histopathological recognition of the cresty neck in Horses in Spain. A total of 250 horses were studied in Andalusia and Extremadura, Spain. Seventy-six percent of horses present cresty neck. The damage of the cresty neck in horses was categorized as Grade 0 - Muscle fibers are observed, no fat vacuoles are observed (24% of the horses). Grade 1 - Scarce adipose deposit was observed. An unaltered muscle tissue is observed (21% of the horses). Grade 2 - fat vacuoles are evident in muscle tissue intermyofibrillar space and prone to coalescence (23% of the horses). Grade 3 - Abundant fat vacuoles in the intermyofibrillar space, with tendency to coalesce, and low fat infiltration in muscle tissue (moderate lipomatosis) (16% of the horses). Grade 4 - Abundant fat vacuoles in the intermyofibrillar space, with tendency to coalesce, and fatty infiltration in muscle tissue (marked lipomatosis) (8% of the horses). Grade 5 - Only fat vacuoles are observed, without muscle tissue (severe lipomatosis) (8% of the horses). The results for desmin antibody (1: 100 dilution) was positive (++) in grades 0-2, and negative (-) in grades 3-5. These results suggest that as fat/lipomatosis infiltration increases (progresses in grades 3, 4 and 5), the intercellular space (intermyofibrillar) increases and therefore the cell cytoskeleton is lost, with loss of the bands Z, so the negative response to this antibody. Inconclusion, we describe histopathological pattern recognition of cresty neck in horses in Spain.(AU)

Sudden death, aortic rupture in horses, literature review, case studies reported and risk factors / Morte súbita por ruptura da aorta em cavalos, literatura, estudos de casos relatados e fatores de risco

Sudden deaths of horses in multiple equestrian disciplines have been attributed to acute and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to perform a review of aortic rupture in horses analyzing, case studies and assessing risk factors. The literature has reported a total of 137 cases of aortic rupture in horses for 28 years (1986-2014), with approximately five horses dying of aortic rupture per year. Histopathologically, there are observed discrete macroscopic degenerative changes in the intima layer only in the aorta. The histological evaluation in the beginning portion of the aorta of the heart evidenced degenerative changes with loss of continuity and distribution of elastic fibers. Risk factors for the rupture of the aorta are: spontaneous rupture associated with hypertension, preexisting vascular injury (aneurysm), dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, copper levels in the endothelium, genetic factors such as inbreeding, toxicology or pharmacological factors. Aortic rupture shows similarity with pulmonary hemorrhage induced by exercise especially under the locomotors induced trauma theory of exercise that can induce pulmonary hemorrhage. In conclusion, degenerative changes to discrete elastic fiber of the intima of the aorta in the emergence of the heart seem to predispose the aorta wall rupture at the time of maximum blood pressure during exercise and the consequent collapse and athletic horses death(AU)

As mortes súbitas de cavalos em várias provas equestres têm sido atribuídas a doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares agudas e crônicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi efetuar uma revisão de literatura da ruptura da aorta em cavalos analisando estudos de caso e estabelecendo os possíveis fatores de risco. Na revisão da literatura no período de 28 anos (1986-2014) foram localizados 137 casos de ruptura da aorta em cavalos com aproximadamente cinco cavalos morrendo por essa causa por ano. Histologicamente, são observadas alterações macroscópicas discretas degenerativas na camada íntima da aorta. A avaliação histológica na porção inicial da aorta do coração evidencia alterações degenerativas com perda de continuidade e distribuição das fibras elásticas. Fatores de risco para a ruptura da aorta dos cavalos são: ruptura espontânea associada com hipertensão, lesão vascular pré-existente (aneurisma), cardiomiopatia dilatada ou hipertrófica, níveis de cobre no endotélio, fatores genéticos, tais como a consanguinidade na criação, toxicologia e aspectos farmacológicos. A ruptura aórtica mostra semelhança com hemorragia pulmonar induzida pelo exercício. Em conclusão, alterações degenerativas discretas das fibras elásticas da íntima da aorta parecem predispor a ruptura da parede da aorta, no momento da pressão máxima de sangue durante o exercício determinando o consequente colapso e morte do cavalo atleta(AU)