Resumo
The authors observed the bahaviour "in vitro" and "in vivo", of bovine spermatic material, diluted in infusion of dried alfafa leaves and dried "guandu" leaves, plus 50% of egg-yolk. Results obtained with semen diluted in those mixtures and preserved at 2-7ºC were considered good for the first 96 hours of preservation. It was observes that samples diluted in dried "guandu" leaves infusion presented lower number of living spermatozoa than samples diluted in dried alfafa leaves infusion in the first 96 of preservation. However, for a period of 240 hours of preservation the number of dead cells was larger in alfafa misture than in "guandu" one. The above mentioned diluters were prepared as following: 1) Dried alfafa leaves of dried "guandu" leaves were put in boiling water for 2 or 3 minutes in the proportion of 1:10. 2) The infusions were filtrated in gauze and the pH adjusted to 6.8 with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and sterilized by tyndallization. 3) seven hundred and fifty units of sodic penicillin and 750 mg of streptomycin sulphats were added for each ml of the infusion. egg-yolk was added in the basis of 1:1. Conception rate in cows inseminated with semen diluted in those diluters (pregnant diagnosis by palpation) were 52,8% for alfafa (17 cows inseminated) and 55,5% for "guandu" (18 cows inseminated). Although the rates of conception can not be classified as sati
O artigo apresenta resumo em inglês.
Resumo
The authors studied two cases of anidian monsters eliminated after calving of two females of Holstein Frisian breed variety black and white. By gross examination, the monsters were characterized by ovoid structure, covered with skin and hair weighing 970 and 320 grammes. They verified also that both of the structure were made by connective tissue rich in vessels and fat tissue as well. Histological sections were carried out in order to study the different tissue found. The authors believe after looking over the literature that these monsters were the first cases found in the veterinary literature in Brazil.
Os autores estudaram dois casos de monstros anidianos expulsos após parto normal de duas fêmeas da raça holandesa, variedade preta e branca. Macroscopicamente, êsses monstros eram caracterizados por formações ovóides, recobertas de pele e pêlos, pesando 970 e 320 gramas. Verificaram, ainda, que ambas as formações eram constituídas de tecido conjuntivo, rico em vasos, e de tecido adiposo. Cortes histológicos foram, igualmente, executados para estudar a natureza dos tecidos1 encontrados. Face à pesquisa bibliográfica compulsada, adiantam, ainda, serem os primeiros casos descritos na literatura veterinária no Brasil.
Resumo
The AA., utilizing 1048 cattle births coming from the artificial insemination, during 1952 to May 1956, studied the probable influences of different factors (semen age, sire, month in which was carried out the insemination, dry April to September and rainy October to March seasons and females breeds), on the sex ratio. The sex ratio found on 523 males and 525 females was 49.9 ± 50.1 ± 1.5%. In connection with the semen age, the sex ratio showed apparent predominance of females in the 24th hours and in the 96th hours of conservation, but in the interval from 48 the to 72th hours and 120 to 252th hours, there were predominance of males. However, these differences were not significant statistically (Chisquare). The arrangement of the data in I, II and I I I tables, is such as to lead to the conclusion that the factors studied do not materially affect the sex ratio. The data were submitted to the statistical analysis (Chi-square). During that period, were born 23 twins (2.2%) being 25 males and 21 females.
Os AA. pesquisaram a possível influência de diversos fatores idade do sêmen pelo período de conservação, touro, mês de inseminação, períodos de sêca e águas, e raças das fêmeas sôbre a relação dos sexos, na espécie bovina, utilizando 1048 nascimentos provenientes de Inseminação Artificial, durante o período de 1952 a maio de 1956. Relativamente à idade do sêmen, as proporções de sexo revelaram aparente predominância de fêmeas nas primeiras 24 horas de conservação e na 96a. hora, enquanto que, para o intervalo de 48 a 72 horas e 120 a 252 horas, houve predominância de machos. Contudo, essas diferenças não foram estatisticamente significantes quando interpretadas pelo emprêgo do teste X2. As diferenças apuradas no comportamento do sêmen dos touros, assim como o mês de inseminação, períodos de sêca e águas e influência das raças das fêmeas sôbre o sexo dos produtos, foram devidas exclusivamente ao acaso. Durante aquêle período, nos 1048 nascimentos, houve incidência de 23 pares de gêmeos (2,2%), sendo 25 machos e 21 fêmeas.
Resumo
The AA., utilizing 1048 cattle births coming from the artificial insemination, during 1952 to May 1956, studied the probable influences of different factors (semen age, sire, month in which was carried out the insemination, dry April to September and rainy October to March seasons and females breeds), on the sex ratio. The sex ratio found on 523 males and 525 females was 49.9 ± 50.1 ± 1.5%. In connection with the semen age, the sex ratio showed apparent predominance of females in the 24th hours and in the 96th hours of conservation, but in the interval from 48 the to 72th hours and 120 to 252th hours, there were predominance of males. However, these differences were not significant statistically (Chisquare). The arrangement of the data in I, II and I I I tables, is such as to lead to the conclusion that the factors studied do not materially affect the sex ratio. The data were submitted to the statistical analysis (Chi-square). During that period, were born 23 twins (2.2%) being 25 males and 21 females.
Os AA. pesquisaram a possível influência de diversos fatores idade do sêmen pelo período de conservação, touro, mês de inseminação, períodos de sêca e águas, e raças das fêmeas sôbre a relação dos sexos, na espécie bovina, utilizando 1048 nascimentos provenientes de Inseminação Artificial, durante o período de 1952 a maio de 1956. Relativamente à idade do sêmen, as proporções de sexo revelaram aparente predominância de fêmeas nas primeiras 24 horas de conservação e na 96a. hora, enquanto que, para o intervalo de 48 a 72 horas e 120 a 252 horas, houve predominância de machos. Contudo, essas diferenças não foram estatisticamente significantes quando interpretadas pelo emprêgo do teste X2. As diferenças apuradas no comportamento do sêmen dos touros, assim como o mês de inseminação, períodos de sêca e águas e influência das raças das fêmeas sôbre o sexo dos produtos, foram devidas exclusivamente ao acaso. Durante aquêle período, nos 1048 nascimentos, houve incidência de 23 pares de gêmeos (2,2%), sendo 25 machos e 21 fêmeas.
Resumo
The authors studied two cases of anidian monsters eliminated after calving of two females of Holstein Frisian breed variety black and white. By gross examination, the monsters were characterized by ovoid structure, covered with skin and hair weighing 970 and 320 grammes. They verified also that both of the structure were made by connective tissue rich in vessels and fat tissue as well. Histological sections were carried out in order to study the different tissue found. The authors believe after looking over the literature that these monsters were the first cases found in the veterinary literature in Brazil.
Os autores estudaram dois casos de monstros anidianos expulsos após parto normal de duas fêmeas da raça holandesa, variedade preta e branca. Macroscopicamente, êsses monstros eram caracterizados por formações ovóides, recobertas de pele e pêlos, pesando 970 e 320 gramas. Verificaram, ainda, que ambas as formações eram constituídas de tecido conjuntivo, rico em vasos, e de tecido adiposo. Cortes histológicos foram, igualmente, executados para estudar a natureza dos tecidos1 encontrados. Face à pesquisa bibliográfica compulsada, adiantam, ainda, serem os primeiros casos descritos na literatura veterinária no Brasil.
Resumo
The authors observed the bahaviour "in vitro" and "in vivo", of bovine spermatic material, diluted in infusion of dried alfafa leaves and dried "guandu" leaves, plus 50% of egg-yolk. Results obtained with semen diluted in those mixtures and preserved at 2-7ºC were considered good for the first 96 hours of preservation. It was observes that samples diluted in dried "guandu" leaves infusion presented lower number of living spermatozoa than samples diluted in dried alfafa leaves infusion in the first 96 of preservation. However, for a period of 240 hours of preservation the number of dead cells was larger in alfafa misture than in "guandu" one. The above mentioned diluters were prepared as following: 1) Dried alfafa leaves of dried "guandu" leaves were put in boiling water for 2 or 3 minutes in the proportion of 1:10. 2) The infusions were filtrated in gauze and the pH adjusted to 6.8 with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and sterilized by tyndallization. 3) seven hundred and fifty units of sodic penicillin and 750 mg of streptomycin sulphats were added for each ml of the infusion. egg-yolk was added in the basis of 1:1. Conception rate in cows inseminated with semen diluted in those diluters (pregnant diagnosis by palpation) were 52,8% for alfafa (17 cows inseminated) and 55,5% for "guandu" (18 cows inseminated). Although the rates of conception can not be classified as sati
O artigo apresenta resumo em inglês.
Resumo
During 140 experimental days, ground pelleted citrus pulp replaced ground corn ears in rations for fattening cattle. Ration A, contained no citrus pulp and 30% ground corn ears; rations B, contained 15% from each of them and ration C, contained 30% citrus pulp and no ground corn ears. Average daily gains were-. A = .792 kg; B = .957 kg and C = .992 kg. Feed conversions were: A = 12.590 : 1; B = 11.626 : 1 and C = 111.232 : 1. Weight gains data underwent statistical analysis followed by Duncans procedure which declared treatments B and C greater than treatment A. but equal between themselves. These results suggest that dried, citrus pulp is a good replacer for ground corn ears in rations for fattening cattle.
A polpa cítrica peletizada substituiu parcial e totalmente as espigas de milho desintegradas num experimento de blocos ao acaso, com três tratamentos e seis repetições, totalizando 18 bovinos mestiços holandeses, todos machos inteiros e com idade inicial aproximada de 17 meses. Após 140 dias experimentais, os animais apresentaram, em média, os seguintes ganhos em peso, diários: A = 0,792 kg; B = 0,957 kg e C = 0,992 kg. Os pesos médios dos animais, inicial e final, foram respectivamente: A = 244,0 e 383,0 kg; B 21/6,0 e 380,0 kg; C = 244,0 e 383,0 kg. Houve diferença estatística significativa ao nível de 5% de probabilidade e pelo teste de DUNCAN , o s tratamentos B e C foram superiores ao tratamento A, porém iguais entre si.
Resumo
Ground pelleted citrus pulp replaced 15% of corn on rations fed to pigs from 22 to 95 kg. Experiment followed a randomized complete block design with two treatments and five replicates. Average daily gains and feed/gain were: A (0% citrus pulp) .901 kg and 3.16, B (15% citrus pulp) .863 kg and 3.06. No statistical significant differences were noticed. Equally no significant effect was detected for carcass length (cm ) : A = 77.3 and B = 78.8; leg lenght (cm ): A = 57.0 and B = 58.1; backfat thickness (cm ): A - 3.93 and B = 3.69; loin eye area (cm2) : A = 24.73 and B = 23.32; dressing (% ) : A 78.5 and B = 77.1; lean cuts (% ) : A 4 4 .7 and B = 47.1; separable fat (% ) : A - 37.2 and B = 35.2.
Foram utilizados 10 suínos machos castrados, 1/2 e 3/4 de sangue Landrace x Duroc-Jersey, com peso médio inicial de 21,7 kg. Estudou- se o efeito da substituição parcial do fubá de milho pela polpa cítrica peletizada, no desenvolvimento dos animais e na qualidade de suas carcaças, concluindo-se que até o nível de 15%, a polpa cítrica poderá substituir o fubá de milho, sem que ocorra qualquer alteração no ritmo de desenvolvimento ou nas características principais da carcaça dos suínos.
Resumo
The effect of cobalt bullets therapy on the cattle was determined in seven matched pairs of animals. The cattle used comprised mixed Frisian and 1/4 or ½ Brahman blood. Throughout the experiment the cattle grazed only in cobalt deficient areas. It seems that the cobalt bullets treatment did not affect the growth"s rate of animals when compared with the control group. The difference in favor of treated animals did not attain significance. The dressing percentage of the whole carcass was calculated, showing 47 and 46%, for the treated and control groups, respectively. Throughout the thirteen months of the experiment, the mean variation of the body weights was about 16%.
O efeito do tratamento através de balas de cobalto foi estudado em sete pares de bovinos, com sangue holandês e zebu, mantidos durante treze meses em regime de pasto deficiente em cobalto. Os resultados parecem indicar que o lote de animais que recebeu as balas de cobalto não apresentou diferenças de ganho de pêso que pudessem ser consideradas significantes em relação ao lote testemunho. Os rendimentos das carcaças quartos dianteiro e traseiro foram de 47% e 46% para os lotes tratado e testemunho, respectivamente. Durante o decurso do ensaio, as variações dos pesos absolutos foram de ordem média de 16%.
Resumo
An experiment was conducted in order to study the applicability of marker techniques - chromic oxide and chromogens - for the purpose of determining the fecal output and measurement of feed intake by Brahman cattle (Bos indicus). The chromic oxide was administered once daily in gelatine capsules. Fecal samples were taken at 6 A.M., noon and 6 P. M. and were totally collected during days, as well. Chromogens expressed in units per gram of roughages or feces (dry basis) and chromium oxide per cent of fecal dry matter, were determined on all the samples. The chromic oxide concentration of feces taken at 6 A.M., noon, 6 P.M. and bulked on seven consecutive days, as well as the mixed feces representing the total amount voided during 7 days period provided no accurate estimates of the total fecal output when the SMITH and REID (55) equation was applied. The coefficients of correlation between the fecal output values determined conventionally and the estimates secured according SMITH and REID ("55) equation, were + 0.75 and + 0.89 for the total collection and the pooled 6 A.M. and 6 P.M. collection, respectively. Then, after using the SMTHI and REID ("55) equation, were proposed two other regression equations in order to correct the values and to obtain accurate estimates of the total fecal output in Brahman cattle. After correcting the total fecal excretion values it was possible to
O artigo apresenta resumo em inglês.
Resumo
A trial was carried out the objectives of which were: a) to examine the applicability of the indicator methods - chromic oxide and chromogens -, for determining the apparent digestibility and, b) to study the excretion pattern of the two indicators. As experimental animals, were used young Brahman cattle (Bos indicus) that were born free on the range while the experiment was conducted in the stall. A small amount of chromic oxide was administered in gelatin capsules once daily and the animals received a ration containing concentrate and roughages - Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and Guatemala grass (Tripsacum laxum, Nash). Fecal samples were taken at 6 A. M., noon and 6 P. M. Feces were also totally collected during 7 days of the same collection period. Chromic oxide per cent of fecal dry matter and chromogens in units per gram of roughage or feces (dry basis), were determined on all the samples. The results referring to the digestibility obtained by the chromic oxide method comparing with the conventional showed significant differences in total, noon and 6 P. M., collections periods. The pooled values from 6 A. M. and noon, at one side, and 6 A. M.,noon and 6 P. M., at the other, showed no significant differences in relation with the conventional. In spite of the fact that a reduced number of chromogens units was found in the roughages and fecal samples, the results obt
O artigo apresenta resumo em inglês.
Resumo
Ground pelleted citrus pulp replaced 15% of corn on rations fed to pigs from 22 to 95 kg. Experiment followed a randomized complete block design with two treatments and five replicates. Average daily gains and feed/gain were: A (0% citrus pulp) .901 kg and 3.16, B (15% citrus pulp) .863 kg and 3.06. No statistical significant differences were noticed. Equally no significant effect was detected for carcass length (cm ) : A = 77.3 and B = 78.8; leg lenght (cm ): A = 57.0 and B = 58.1; backfat thickness (cm ): A - 3.93 and B = 3.69; loin eye area (cm2) : A = 24.73 and B = 23.32; dressing (% ) : A 78.5 and B = 77.1; lean cuts (% ) : A 4 4 .7 and B = 47.1; separable fat (% ) : A - 37.2 and B = 35.2.
Foram utilizados 10 suínos machos castrados, 1/2 e 3/4 de sangue Landrace x Duroc-Jersey, com peso médio inicial de 21,7 kg. Estudou- se o efeito da substituição parcial do fubá de milho pela polpa cítrica peletizada, no desenvolvimento dos animais e na qualidade de suas carcaças, concluindo-se que até o nível de 15%, a polpa cítrica poderá substituir o fubá de milho, sem que ocorra qualquer alteração no ritmo de desenvolvimento ou nas características principais da carcaça dos suínos.
Resumo
During 140 experimental days, ground pelleted citrus pulp replaced ground corn ears in rations for fattening cattle. Ration A, contained no citrus pulp and 30% ground corn ears; rations B, contained 15% from each of them and ration C, contained 30% citrus pulp and no ground corn ears. Average daily gains were-. A = .792 kg; B = .957 kg and C = .992 kg. Feed conversions were: A = 12.590 : 1; B = 11.626 : 1 and C = 111.232 : 1. Weight gains data underwent statistical analysis followed by Duncans procedure which declared treatments B and C greater than treatment A. but equal between themselves. These results suggest that dried, citrus pulp is a good replacer for ground corn ears in rations for fattening cattle.
A polpa cítrica peletizada substituiu parcial e totalmente as espigas de milho desintegradas num experimento de blocos ao acaso, com três tratamentos e seis repetições, totalizando 18 bovinos mestiços holandeses, todos machos inteiros e com idade inicial aproximada de 17 meses. Após 140 dias experimentais, os animais apresentaram, em média, os seguintes ganhos em peso, diários: A = 0,792 kg; B = 0,957 kg e C = 0,992 kg. Os pesos médios dos animais, inicial e final, foram respectivamente: A = 244,0 e 383,0 kg; B 21/6,0 e 380,0 kg; C = 244,0 e 383,0 kg. Houve diferença estatística significativa ao nível de 5% de probabilidade e pelo teste de DUNCAN , o s tratamentos B e C foram superiores ao tratamento A, porém iguais entre si.
Resumo
A trial was carried out the objectives of which were: a) to examine the applicability of the indicator methods - chromic oxide and chromogens -, for determining the apparent digestibility and, b) to study the excretion pattern of the two indicators. As experimental animals, were used young Brahman cattle (Bos indicus) that were born free on the range while the experiment was conducted in the stall. A small amount of chromic oxide was administered in gelatin capsules once daily and the animals received a ration containing concentrate and roughages - Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and Guatemala grass (Tripsacum laxum, Nash). Fecal samples were taken at 6 A. M., noon and 6 P. M. Feces were also totally collected during 7 days of the same collection period. Chromic oxide per cent of fecal dry matter and chromogens in units per gram of roughage or feces (dry basis), were determined on all the samples. The results referring to the digestibility obtained by the chromic oxide method comparing with the conventional showed significant differences in total, noon and 6 P. M., collections periods. The pooled values from 6 A. M. and noon, at one side, and 6 A. M.,noon and 6 P. M., at the other, showed no significant differences in relation with the conventional. In spite of the fact that a reduced number of chromogens units was found in the roughages and fecal samples, the results obt
O artigo apresenta resumo em inglês.
Resumo
An experiment was conducted in order to study the applicability of marker techniques - chromic oxide and chromogens - for the purpose of determining the fecal output and measurement of feed intake by Brahman cattle (Bos indicus). The chromic oxide was administered once daily in gelatine capsules. Fecal samples were taken at 6 A.M., noon and 6 P. M. and were totally collected during days, as well. Chromogens expressed in units per gram of roughages or feces (dry basis) and chromium oxide per cent of fecal dry matter, were determined on all the samples. The chromic oxide concentration of feces taken at 6 A.M., noon, 6 P.M. and bulked on seven consecutive days, as well as the mixed feces representing the total amount voided during 7 days period provided no accurate estimates of the total fecal output when the SMITH and REID (55) equation was applied. The coefficients of correlation between the fecal output values determined conventionally and the estimates secured according SMITH and REID ("55) equation, were + 0.75 and + 0.89 for the total collection and the pooled 6 A.M. and 6 P.M. collection, respectively. Then, after using the SMTHI and REID ("55) equation, were proposed two other regression equations in order to correct the values and to obtain accurate estimates of the total fecal output in Brahman cattle. After correcting the total fecal excretion values it was possible to
O artigo apresenta resumo em inglês.
Resumo
The effect of cobalt bullets therapy on the cattle was determined in seven matched pairs of animals. The cattle used comprised mixed Frisian and 1/4 or ½ Brahman blood. Throughout the experiment the cattle grazed only in cobalt deficient areas. It seems that the cobalt bullets treatment did not affect the growth"s rate of animals when compared with the control group. The difference in favor of treated animals did not attain significance. The dressing percentage of the whole carcass was calculated, showing 47 and 46%, for the treated and control groups, respectively. Throughout the thirteen months of the experiment, the mean variation of the body weights was about 16%.
O efeito do tratamento através de balas de cobalto foi estudado em sete pares de bovinos, com sangue holandês e zebu, mantidos durante treze meses em regime de pasto deficiente em cobalto. Os resultados parecem indicar que o lote de animais que recebeu as balas de cobalto não apresentou diferenças de ganho de pêso que pudessem ser consideradas significantes em relação ao lote testemunho. Os rendimentos das carcaças quartos dianteiro e traseiro foram de 47% e 46% para os lotes tratado e testemunho, respectivamente. Durante o decurso do ensaio, as variações dos pesos absolutos foram de ordem média de 16%.
Resumo
Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to study the use of powdered skimmilk as a diluter for bovine semen. Commercial powdered skimmilk used in these experiments had the specifications as follows: The technique carried out to prepare the skimmilk dilutor was: a) dilution of powdered skimmilk in bi-distiled water (1:8); h) filtration after slitting; c) heating till boilling four times; d) filtration; e) cooling; f) addition of antibiotiques (penicillin and streptomycin); g) dilution of semen at 37®C of temperature. In laboralory test the skimmilk diluter compared as satisfactory as yolk-citrate diluter. On the basis of 84 inseminations with diluted semen on skimmilk diluter 51 calves were born (60.71%). For semen diluter in yolk-citrate 503 calves resulted from 1.094 inseminations (45.97%). Based upon satisfactory results it appears that the powdered skimmilk offers a convenient diluter for semen mainly due: a) an even composition; b) facility to sterilize; c) the powdered skimmilk can be kept for long time without damage; d) the diluter can be preserved at low temperature for long time; e) it is easy to prepare and there are facilities to buy for low prices.
A fim de verificar a possibilidade de se empregar o leite desnatado em pó como meio diluidor para sêmen de bovino, foram realizados estudos de laboratório e de campo. Os primeiros, para avaliar a capacidade do diluidor em manter vivos os espermatozóides por tempo considerado satisfatório. Os segundos, para julgar a capacidade fertilizante do material. O leite desnatado em pó foi adquirido no comércio com as seguintes características: produto obtido do leite fresco, previamente pasteurizado e pulverizado pelo spray-drying, apresentando a seguinte composição: Gordura ............................................................................... 0,8% Proteínas ........................................................................... 38,0% Lactose ............................................................................... 50,7% Sais minerais ...................................................................... 7,5% Umidade ............................................................................. 3,0% A técnica de preparo seguida foi a seguinte: a) diluição do leite em pó na proporção de 1 para 8 de água bidistilada esterilizada; b) filtração em papel de filtro; c) aquecimento até levantamento da fervura por quatro vezes; d) nova filtração; e) resfriamento; f) adição de antibióticos; g) diluição do sêmen à temperatura de 37C. Os resultados de laboratório obtidos foram
Resumo
Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to study the use of powdered skimmilk as a diluter for bovine semen. Commercial powdered skimmilk used in these experiments had the specifications as follows: The technique carried out to prepare the skimmilk dilutor was: a) dilution of powdered skimmilk in bi-distiled water (1:8); h) filtration after slitting; c) heating till boilling four times; d) filtration; e) cooling; f) addition of antibiotiques (penicillin and streptomycin); g) dilution of semen at 37®C of temperature. In laboralory test the skimmilk diluter compared as satisfactory as yolk-citrate diluter. On the basis of 84 inseminations with diluted semen on skimmilk diluter 51 calves were born (60.71%). For semen diluter in yolk-citrate 503 calves resulted from 1.094 inseminations (45.97%). Based upon satisfactory results it appears that the powdered skimmilk offers a convenient diluter for semen mainly due: a) an even composition; b) facility to sterilize; c) the powdered skimmilk can be kept for long time without damage; d) the diluter can be preserved at low temperature for long time; e) it is easy to prepare and there are facilities to buy for low prices.
A fim de verificar a possibilidade de se empregar o leite desnatado em pó como meio diluidor para sêmen de bovino, foram realizados estudos de laboratório e de campo. Os primeiros, para avaliar a capacidade do diluidor em manter vivos os espermatozóides por tempo considerado satisfatório. Os segundos, para julgar a capacidade fertilizante do material. O leite desnatado em pó foi adquirido no comércio com as seguintes características: produto obtido do leite fresco, previamente pasteurizado e pulverizado pelo spray-drying, apresentando a seguinte composição: Gordura ............................................................................... 0,8% Proteínas ........................................................................... 38,0% Lactose ............................................................................... 50,7% Sais minerais ...................................................................... 7,5% Umidade ............................................................................. 3,0% A técnica de preparo seguida foi a seguinte: a) diluição do leite em pó na proporção de 1 para 8 de água bidistilada esterilizada; b) filtração em papel de filtro; c) aquecimento até levantamento da fervura por quatro vezes; d) nova filtração; e) resfriamento; f) adição de antibióticos; g) diluição do sêmen à temperatura de 37C. Os resultados de laboratório obtidos foram
Resumo
Data from 1,512 Californian and 1,370 New Zealand White rabbits were analyzed by least squares procedures to study the effect of inbreeding of individuals, a covariate in the mathematical model, on body weights from weaning to slaughter and dressing percentage. Both linear and quadratic regression coefficients of inbreeding of rabbits were important for weights at several ages. Inbreeding of rabbits did not affect their performances at weaning and 5 weeks of age, but had an important effect on body weights measured from 6 to 11 weeks of age, with increases of performance from F=0 up to F=10% and reductions after that level. The effect of inbreeding was small on the weights observed at slaughter, and the trend was of reduction of weights when F increased. The same trend was observed for dressing percentage.
Os pesos individuais semanais da desmama ao abate de 2.882 coelhos, sendo 1.512 da raça Califórnia e 1.370 da raça Nova Zelândia Branca foram analisados pelo método dos quadrados mínimos para verificação dos efeitos da endogamia, uma covariável no modelo matemático, no desempenho desses animais. Tanto os efeitos lineares quanto quadráticos da endogamia dos coelhos foram importantes para pesos individuais a diversas idades. A endogamia dos coelhos não afetou seu desempenho à desmama (realizada em média aos 28 dias) e nem às cinco semanas de idade, mas afetou significativamente os pesos corporais de 6 a 11 semanas, com aumentos de pesos para endogamia variando de 0 a 10% e diminuições do desempenho após este nível. Nas características de carcaça e abate, o efeito foi pequeno, com uma tendência geral de decréscimo com o aumento do coeficiente de endogamia, o mesmo sendo verificado com o rendimento de carcaça. Estes resultados demonstram a importância do controle dos níveis de endogamia em coelhos, pois, mesmo quando mantidos abaixo dos 10%, podem afetar significativamente o desempenho produtivo.
Resumo
Twelve crossbred cows were used in a switch-back design, to evaluate partial or total substitution of ground com ears for dried orange pulp, in rations for milk production. No significant difference was detected among treatments, as far as milk production and fact content were concerned, even when concentrate mixture contained up 67% of dried orange pulp.
Doze vacas mestiças em lactação foram usadas em um delineamento tipo SWITCH-BACK para analisar a possibilidade da substituição parcial ou total do milho desintegrado por polpa cítrica seca, na mistura de concentrados. As vacas permaneceram em regime de pastagens, e os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que, na época das chuvas, vacas com níveis de produção média iguais a 13,0 kg de leite por dia, podem receber misturas concentradas com até 67% de polpa cítrica, em substituição ao milho desintegrado, sem quaisquer inconvenientes.