Meningocele e meningoencefalocele em leitões: aspectos patológicos e de imagem / Meningocele and meningoencephalocele in piglets: pathologic and imaging aspects

Background: Meningocele and meningoencephalocele are rare congenital deformities characterized by herniation of the meninges and of the meninges and brain tissue through a bone defect in the skull (cranioschisis), respectively. Descriptions of these malformations in pigs are scarce in the international literature and non-existent in Brazil, with only one case of cranioschisis with brain exposure (without protrusion of the meninges and covered by skin) reported to date. Here, we report a case of meningocele and another of meningoencephalocele in piglets in the state of Bahia and describe the main related anatomopathological and imaging characteristics (radiographic and ultrasonographic). Case: The congenital malformations occurred in newborn piglets from a farm located in the city of Catu, Bahia, Brazil, which presented with an evident large saccular area positioned dorsally to the head. The animals died 48 h after birth and were referred to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Bahia, for the studies and diagnostic conclusion. Postmortem ultrasound examinations showed that the region was filled with fluid and associated with a small brain protrusion in case 1 and a defect in the skull bone, which had its orifice dimensions estimated. Despite the superimposition of structures, the skull malformation was identified on radiographic examination (case 1) and measured on ultrasonographic examination (cases 1 and 2). During necropsy, the piglets presented with a marked marked bulge of saccular appearance under the skin in the frontal region. The saccular formation was floating, internally covered by dura mater and filled with reddish serous liquid (liquor). Discussion: The diagnoses of meningoencephalocele and...

Meningocele e meningoencefalocele em leitões: aspectos patológicos e de imagem / Meningocele and meningoencephalocele in piglets: pathologic and imaging aspects

Background: Meningocele and meningoencephalocele are rare congenital deformities characterized by herniation of the meninges and of the meninges and brain tissue through a bone defect in the skull (cranioschisis), respectively. Descriptions of these malformations in pigs are scarce in the international literature and non-existent in Brazil, with only one case of cranioschisis with brain exposure (without protrusion of the meninges and covered by skin) reported to date. Here, we report a case of meningocele and another of meningoencephalocele in piglets in the state of Bahia and describe the main related anatomopathological and imaging characteristics (radiographic and ultrasonographic). Case: The congenital malformations occurred in newborn piglets from a farm located in the city of Catu, Bahia, Brazil, which presented with an evident large saccular area positioned dorsally to the head. The animals died 48 h after birth and were referred to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Bahia, for the studies and diagnostic conclusion. Postmortem ultrasound examinations showed that the region was filled with fluid and associated with a small brain protrusion in case 1 and a defect in the skull bone, which had its orifice dimensions estimated. Despite the superimposition of structures, the skull malformation was identified on radiographic examination (case 1) and measured on ultrasonographic examination (cases 1 and 2). During necropsy, the piglets presented with a marked marked bulge of saccular appearance under the skin in the frontal region. The saccular formation was floating, internally covered by dura mater and filled with reddish serous liquid (liquor). Discussion: The diagnoses of meningoencephalocele and...(AU)

Criptococose nasal causada por Cryptococcus gattii em ovino na Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil / Nasal cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus gattii in sheep in Bahia, northeastern Brazil

Background: Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal systemic mycosis that can affect several animal species. The disease is caused by the yeast species Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii and is usually associated with immunosuppressive diseases or debilitating factors. In Brazil, cryptococcosis in ruminants has been described in several states, but there have been only two instances of infection in sheep. Until the present, cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii has only been reported in goats. The objective of this study was to describe, for the first time, a case of nasal cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii in a sheep in the state of Bahia. Case: The disease affected a 4-year-old Santa Inês sheep, created in extensive system in the municipality of Ribeira do Pombal, Bahia, Brazil. The animal presented weight loss, with an asymmetric increase of volume in the right nasal cavity, accompanied by dyspnea and bloody nasal discharge. Samples of the tumor mass were collected for cytological analysis of yeast structures compatible with Cryptococcus spp. After cytological diagnosis, the sheep was sent to the Livestock Development Center of the Federal University of Bahia. On physical examination, there was a large and firm irregular mass, strongly adhering to the right nasal cavity and causing facial asymmetry. Surgical removal was attempted, but a marked infiltrative character of the lesion was observed, with extensive tissue destruction. Owing to the unfavorable prognosis, euthanasia was carried out followed by necropsy, in which a large irregular mass was observed that almost completely obliterated the right nasal cavity. Resorption of the right nasal bone and the dorsal and middle nasal turbinates was also observed. Fragments of the nasal lesion were collected, fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histopathology, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Mayer’s...

Criptococose nasal causada por Cryptococcus gattii em ovino na Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil / Nasal cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus gattii in sheep in Bahia, northeastern Brazil

Background: Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal systemic mycosis that can affect several animal species. The disease is caused by the yeast species Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii and is usually associated with immunosuppressive diseases or debilitating factors. In Brazil, cryptococcosis in ruminants has been described in several states, but there have been only two instances of infection in sheep. Until the present, cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii has only been reported in goats. The objective of this study was to describe, for the first time, a case of nasal cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii in a sheep in the state of Bahia. Case: The disease affected a 4-year-old Santa Inês sheep, created in extensive system in the municipality of Ribeira do Pombal, Bahia, Brazil. The animal presented weight loss, with an asymmetric increase of volume in the right nasal cavity, accompanied by dyspnea and bloody nasal discharge. Samples of the tumor mass were collected for cytological analysis of yeast structures compatible with Cryptococcus spp. After cytological diagnosis, the sheep was sent to the Livestock Development Center of the Federal University of Bahia. On physical examination, there was a large and firm irregular mass, strongly adhering to the right nasal cavity and causing facial asymmetry. Surgical removal was attempted, but a marked infiltrative character of the lesion was observed, with extensive tissue destruction. Owing to the unfavorable prognosis, euthanasia was carried out followed by necropsy, in which a large irregular mass was observed that almost completely obliterated the right nasal cavity. Resorption of the right nasal bone and the dorsal and middle nasal turbinates was also observed. Fragments of the nasal lesion were collected, fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histopathology, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Mayers...(AU)

Utilização de Acetonida de Triancinolona para tratamento da pitiose cutânea em um equino / Use of triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of cutaneous pitiosis in a horse / Uso de acetonido de triamcinolona para el tratamiento de la pitiosis cutánea en un caballo

A espécie equina é aque que mais sofre com afecções dermatológicas, cabendo especial atenção ao estudo da Pitiose, causada pelo Pythium Insidiosum. As principais alterações da doença são formação de granulomas ulcerados, com formato de cratera, sendo também comum a presença de trajetos fistulosos e cavitações formadas pelos comicetos, bem como deconcreções denominadas de "Kunkers".O tratamento atual é realizado com o uso de fármacos como o iodeto de potássio, vacinas, debridamento cirúrgico, entre outras terapias, com resultados muitas vezes inconsistentes. Porém, foi proposta a utilização da Acetonida de Triancinolona para o tratamento dessa afecção com resultados clínicos bastante promissores. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a utilização de Acentonida de Triancinolonapara tratamento de um caso de Pitioseatendido no CDP-EMEVZ-UFBA, com acompanhamento da evolução e constatação da cura do animal.

The equine species is the one that most suffers from dermatological disorders, with special attention to the study of Pythiosis, caused by Pythium Insidiosum. The main alterations of the disease are the formation of crater-shaped ulcerated granulomas, as well as the presence of fistulous pathways and cavitations formed by the oomycetes, as well as concretions called “Kunkers". Current treatment is performed with the use of drugs such as potassium iodide, vaccines, surgical debridement, among other therapies, with often inconsistent results. However, it has been proposed to use triamcinolone acetonide to treat this condition with very promising clinical results. The present study aimed to report the use of triamcinolone acentonide for the treatment of a case of Pitiosis treated at CDP-EMEVZ-UFBA, with follow- up of the evolution and healing of the animal.

La especie equina es la que más sufre de trastornos dermatológicos, con especial atención al estudio de la pitiosis, causada por Pythium insidiosum. Las principales alteraciones de la enfermedad son la formación de granulomas ulcerados en forma de cráter, así como la presencia de vías fistulosas y cavitaciones formadas por los oomicetos, así como concreciones llamadas "Kunkers". El tratamiento actual se realiza con el uso de medicamentos como yoduro de potasio, vacunas, desbridamiento quirúrgico, entre otras terapias, con resultados a menudo inconsistentes. Sin embargo, se ha propuesto utilizar acetónido de triamcinolona para tratar esta afección con resultados clínicos muy prometedores. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo informar el uso de acentonida de triamcinolona para el tratamiento de un caso de pitiosis tratado en CDP-EMEVZ-UFBA, con un seguimiento de la evolución y la curación del animal.

Utilização de Acetonida de Triancinolona para tratamento da pitiose cutânea em um equino / Use of triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of cutaneous pitiosis in a horse / Uso de acetonido de triamcinolona para el tratamiento de la pitiosis cutánea en un caballo

A espécie equina é aque que mais sofre com afecções dermatológicas, cabendo especial atenção ao estudo da Pitiose, causada pelo Pythium Insidiosum. As principais alterações da doença são formação de granulomas ulcerados, com formato de cratera, sendo também comum a presença de trajetos fistulosos e cavitações formadas pelos comicetos, bem como deconcreções denominadas de "Kunkers".O tratamento atual é realizado com o uso de fármacos como o iodeto de potássio, vacinas, debridamento cirúrgico, entre outras terapias, com resultados muitas vezes inconsistentes. Porém, foi proposta a utilização da Acetonida de Triancinolona para o tratamento dessa afecção com resultados clínicos bastante promissores. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a utilização de Acentonida de Triancinolonapara tratamento de um caso de Pitioseatendido no CDP-EMEVZ-UFBA, com acompanhamento da evolução e constatação da cura do animal.(AU)

The equine species is the one that most suffers from dermatological disorders, with special attention to the study of Pythiosis, caused by Pythium Insidiosum. The main alterations of the disease are the formation of crater-shaped ulcerated granulomas, as well as the presence of fistulous pathways and cavitations formed by the oomycetes, as well as concretions called “Kunkers". Current treatment is performed with the use of drugs such as potassium iodide, vaccines, surgical debridement, among other therapies, with often inconsistent results. However, it has been proposed to use triamcinolone acetonide to treat this condition with very promising clinical results. The present study aimed to report the use of triamcinolone acentonide for the treatment of a case of Pitiosis treated at CDP-EMEVZ-UFBA, with follow- up of the evolution and healing of the animal.(AU)

La especie equina es la que más sufre de trastornos dermatológicos, con especial atención al estudio de la pitiosis, causada por Pythium insidiosum. Las principales alteraciones de la enfermedad son la formación de granulomas ulcerados en forma de cráter, así como la presencia de vías fistulosas y cavitaciones formadas por los oomicetos, así como concreciones llamadas "Kunkers". El tratamiento actual se realiza con el uso de medicamentos como yoduro de potasio, vacunas, desbridamiento quirúrgico, entre otras terapias, con resultados a menudo inconsistentes. Sin embargo, se ha propuesto utilizar acetónido de triamcinolona para tratar esta afección con resultados clínicos muy prometedores. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo informar el uso de acentonida de triamcinolona para el tratamiento de un caso de pitiosis tratado en CDP-EMEVZ-UFBA, con un seguimiento de la evolución y la curación del animal.(AU)