Digestible Methionine + Cysteine-to-Lysine Ideal Ratio for Meat-Type Quails at Initial Phase

This trial was performed to determine the ideal ratio of digestible methionine + cysteine (Met/Lys) with digestible lysine for meat-type quails from 1 to 14 days of age. A total of six hundred thirty, one-day-old, not sexed meat type quails were randomly assigned to six groups of treatments, each one with seven replicates and fifteen quails per experimental unit. A basal diet, methionine + cysteine-deficient, was graded supplemented with DL-Methionine (0.108; 0.169; 0.230; 0.291; 0.352 and 0.413%) to obtain the treatments, represented by six digestible Met/Lys ratios (0.60; 0.65; 0.70; 0.75; 0.80 and 0.85). Data was analyzed using ANOVA and polynomial regression and broken-line models were used to estimate the digestible Met/Lys ideal ratio, considering adjust of data to both models. Statistical significance was considered when p0.05. Feed intake, weight gain and final body weight was linearly increased as dig. Met/Lys ratio increased. Feeding conversion was improved with increasing in dig. Met/Lys ratios. A quadratic response on feathering percentage was observed with increasing dig. Met/Lys ratios. Digestible Met/Lys ratio which, maximized feathering percentage in meat-type quails, was 0.74. According to linear broken-line model, dig. Met/Lys ratio estimated for optimum feed intake, weight gain, final body weight and feeding conversion were, respectively, 0.66; 0.71; 0.71 and 0.74. The dig. Met/Lys ideal ratio for meat-type quails from one to 14 days of age is 0.74.(AU)

Digestible Methionine + Cysteine-to-Lysine Ideal Ratio for Meat-Type Quails at Initial Phase

This trial was performed to determine the ideal ratio of digestible methionine + cysteine (Met/Lys) with digestible lysine for meat-type quails from 1 to 14 days of age. A total of six hundred thirty, one-day-old, not sexed meat type quails were randomly assigned to six groups of treatments, each one with seven replicates and fifteen quails per experimental unit. A basal diet, methionine + cysteine-deficient, was graded supplemented with DL-Methionine (0.108; 0.169; 0.230; 0.291; 0.352 and 0.413%) to obtain the treatments, represented by six digestible Met/Lys ratios (0.60; 0.65; 0.70; 0.75; 0.80 and 0.85). Data was analyzed using ANOVA and polynomial regression and broken-line models were used to estimate the digestible Met/Lys ideal ratio, considering adjust of data to both models. Statistical significance was considered when p0.05. Feed intake, weight gain and final body weight was linearly increased as dig. Met/Lys ratio increased. Feeding conversion was improved with increasing in dig. Met/Lys ratios. A quadratic response on feathering percentage was observed with increasing dig. Met/Lys ratios. Digestible Met/Lys ratio which, maximized feathering percentage in meat-type quails, was 0.74. According to linear broken-line model, dig. Met/Lys ratio estimated for optimum feed intake, weight gain, final body weight and feeding conversion were, respectively, 0.66; 0.71; 0.71 and 0.74. The dig. Met/Lys ideal ratio for meat-type quails from one to 14 days of age is 0.74.

The effect of calcium and available phosphorus levels on performance, egg quality and bone characteristics of Japanese quails at end of the egg-production phase

Calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (avP) requirements for egg production are different between the beginning and the end of the egg-production cycle. The objective of this study was to estimate the Ca and avP requirements of Japanese quails at end of the production phase. In total, 256 Japanese quails with 48 weeks of age were randomly distributed in 2 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting of two Ca levels (29 and 38 g/kg) and two avP levels (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg), totaling four treatments with eight replicates of eight hens each. The variables evaluated were feed intake (FI); egg production (EP); marketable egg production (MEP); egg weight (EW); egg mass (EM); feed conversion ratio per egg mass (FCRM); feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs (FCRD); livability (L); yolk weight (YW), albumen weight (AW), eggshell weight (SW); yolk percentage (YP), albumen percentage (AP), eggshell percentage (SP), specific egg weight (SEW); bone calcium percentage (BCa), bone phosphorus percentage (BP), bone ash weight (Bash) and bone ash percentage (PBash). There was no interaction between Ca and avP levels for any of the evaluated parameters, except for SEW. Quail performance was not influenced by the treatments, except for MEP. Bone characteristics were not influenced by the tested dietary Ca and avP levels. However, SW and SP increased and AP decreased as dietary Ca level increased. The dietary supplementation of 38 g Ca/kg and 3.0 g avP/kg may increase marketable egg production and the egg quality of Japanese quails at end of the production cycle.

The effect of calcium and available phosphorus levels on performance, egg quality and bone characteristics of Japanese quails at end of the egg-production phase

Calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (avP) requirements for egg production are different between the beginning and the end of the egg-production cycle. The objective of this study was to estimate the Ca and avP requirements of Japanese quails at end of the production phase. In total, 256 Japanese quails with 48 weeks of age were randomly distributed in 2 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting of two Ca levels (29 and 38 g/kg) and two avP levels (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg), totaling four treatments with eight replicates of eight hens each. The variables evaluated were feed intake (FI); egg production (EP); marketable egg production (MEP); egg weight (EW); egg mass (EM); feed conversion ratio per egg mass (FCRM); feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs (FCRD); livability (L); yolk weight (YW), albumen weight (AW), eggshell weight (SW); yolk percentage (YP), albumen percentage (AP), eggshell percentage (SP), specific egg weight (SEW); bone calcium percentage (BCa), bone phosphorus percentage (BP), bone ash weight (Bash) and bone ash percentage (PBash). There was no interaction between Ca and avP levels for any of the evaluated parameters, except for SEW. Quail performance was not influenced by the treatments, except for MEP. Bone characteristics were not influenced by the tested dietary Ca and avP levels. However, SW and SP increased and AP decreased as dietary Ca level increased. The dietary supplementation of 38 g Ca/kg and 3.0 g avP/kg may increase marketable egg production and the egg quality of Japanese quails at end of the production cycle.(AU)

Proteína bruta e energia metabolizável para codornas de corte de um a 14 dias de idade / Crude protein and metabolizable energy for meat quail from 1 to 14 days of age

Com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes níveis de proteína bruta e de energia metabolizável para codornas de corte de um a 14 dias de idade, foi realizado um estudo utilizando 840 codornas de corte, mistas. As aves foram distribuídas em arranjo fatorial (2x5) constituído por 10 tratamentos (dois níveis de energia metabolizável - 2800 e 3000kcal/kg e cinco níveis de proteína bruta - 22,0; 24,0; 26,0; 28,0 e 30,0por cento), sete repetições com 12 aves cada. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: consumo de ração, ganho em peso aos sete e 14 dias de idade, conversão alimentar aos 14 dias e viabilidade. Verificou-se que codornas alimentadas com dietas com o nível energético mais baixo, 2800kcal/kg, apresentaram maior consumo. As aves que consumiram ração com menor nível de energia apresentaram maior peso aos sete dias de idade independentemente do nível de proteína bruta utilizado. O peso aos 14 dias de idade apresentou resposta quadrática com o acréscimo de proteína bruta na ração, sendo que dietas contendo 28,86 por cento de PB proporcionaram melhor ganho independentemente do nível de energia utilizado. A conversão alimentar apresentou melhores resultados com o aumento do nível de proteína bruta da ração, independentemente do nível de energia metabolizável utilizado. Não foram observados efeitos significativos dos níveis de proteína e energia ou de sua interação sobre a viabilidade das aves. Rações contendo 30,0 por cento de proteína bruta e 2800 ou 3000kcal/kg de energia metabolizável proporcionam satisfatórios resultados de desempenho para codornas de corte de um a 14 dias de idade.(AU)

Aiming to evaluate the effect of different levels of crude protein and metabolizable energy for quails from 1 to 14 days of age, a study was conducted using 840 quails, mixed. The birds were distributed in a factorial arrangement (2x5) consisting of 10 treatments (two levels of metabolizable energy - 2,800 and 3,000kcal/kg and 5 levels of crude protein - 22.0, 24.0, 26.0, 28.0 and 30.0 percent), 7 repetitions with 12 birds each. We evaluated the following parameters: feed intake, weight gain at 7 and 14 days of age, feed conversion at 14 days and viability. It was found that quail fed diets with the lowest energy level, 2,800kcal/kg, showed higher consumption. Birds fed diets with lower energy level had greater weight at 7 days of age regardless of the level of crude protein used. The weight at 14 days of age showed a quadratic response with the addition of crude protein in feed, showing that diets containing 28.86 percent CP provide better gain regardless of the level of energy used. The feed showed better results with the increased level of dietary CP, regardless of level of metabolizable energy used. There were no significant effects of protein and energy levels or their interaction on viability. Diets with 30.0 percent crude protein and 2,800 or 3,000kcal/kg metabolizable energy provide satisfactory performance results for quails from 1 to 14 days of age.(AU)

QUALITY OF EGGS FROM COMMERCIAL LAYERS STORED FOR DIFFERENT TIMES AND ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS. / QUALIDADE DE OVOS COMERCIAIS PROVENIENTES DE POEDEIRAS COMERCIAIS ARMAZENADOS SOB DIFERENTES TEMPOS E CONDIÇÕES DE AMBIENTES.

A completely randomized factorial 4 x 6 x 2 design was used (four commercial strains – Hy-Linewhite and brown and Hisex white and brown, six storage times (ST) - 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days and two storage conditions – environment with and without control). The studied variables were: % egg weight loss (WL), Haugh units (UH), specific gravity (EG), % yolk, and % albumen. As the ST increases a linear fall occurs in HU and SG and WL of the eggs, which was ascribed to the water loss of the albumen, since its proportion decreased linearly with time of storage. A linear increase occurred in the % of yolk while the peel proportion was slightly changed. The ST promotes weight loss and changes the internal quality, which was documented when eggs were stored in uncontrolled environments.   KEYS-WORDS: Eggs. Internal quality. Storage. Strains. Temperature.

O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 6 x 2 (quatro linhagens – Hy-Line branca e marrom; e Hisex branca e marrom, seis tempos de armazenamento (TA) – 0,7 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias e duas condições de armazenamento – ambiente sem controle e controlado). As variáveis estudadas foram: perda de peso em porcentagem (PP), unidades Haugh (UH), gravidade específica (GE), porcentagem de gema (%G) e albúmen (%A). À medida que o TA aumentou ocorreu queda na UH e na GE e PP linear dos ovos promovida pela perda de água do albúmen, pois a proporção do mesmo diminuiu com o TA. Ocorreu um aumento linear na %G. O TA promoveu perda de peso e alterou a qualidade interna evidenciada quando os ovos foram armazenados em ambientes não controlados. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Ambiente. Armazenamento. Linhagens. Avos. Qualidade interna.

EFFECT OF ORGANIC ACID AND PLANT EXTRACT ON PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY EGG OF LAYING HENS / EFEITO DE ACIDIFICANTES E EXTRATOS VEGETAIS SOBRE O DESEMPENHO E QUALIDADE DE OVOS DE POEDEIRAS COMERCIAIS

                The trial was conducted to evaluate the best level of organic acid inclusion and effect of plant extracts on the performance parameters and quality of eggs of laying. Lohmann LSL laying hem strain (256) at 40 weeks of age were distributed in a blocks in factorial design 4 x 2 (four acid levels and two levels of plant extract) with two blocks, two replications for each treatment in the block with eight birds for experimental unit. The birds were distributed in the blocks based in their weight. The treatments were: control (without additive), 200g/t of acid, 400g/t acid, 600g/t acid, 150 g/t of plant extract, 200g/t of acid + 150g/t of plant extract, 400g/t of acid + 150g/t of plant extract and 600g/t acid + 150g/t of plant extract. The experimental period was 84 days divided in three cycles of 28 days each. The association of organic acids with vegetal extract promoted highest percentage of production and feed conversion/twelve eggs. However, these additives did not affect the feed intake, Haugh units and specific gravity of eggs of the commercial laying hens in the end of production cycle. The inclusion of 400 g/t of acids plus 150 g/t extract can improved egg production.           KEY - WORDS:      

Essa pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo verificar o melhor nível de inclusão e o efeito de ácidos orgânicos e extratos vegetais sobre os parâmetros de desempenho e qualidade de ovos de poedeiras comerciais. Utilizou-se 256 poedeiras da linhagem Lohmann LSL com 40 semanas de idade, distribuídas em delineamento de blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (quatro níveis de ácido e dois níveis de extrato vegetal) com dois blocos, duas repetições por tratamento em cada bloco e oito aves por unidade experimental. As aves foram distribuídas nos blocos em função do peso. Os tratamentos foram: controle (sem aditivo), 200g/t de ácido, 400g/t ácido, 600g/t ácido, 150g/t de extrato vegetal, 200g/t de ácido + 150g/t de extrato vegetal, 400g/t de ácido + 150g/t de extrato vegetal e 600g/t ácido + 150g/t de extrato vegetal. O período de avaliação foi de 84 dias divididos em três ciclos de 28 dias. A associação do acidificante com o extrato vegetal promoveu maior porcentagem de postura e conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos. No entanto, a administração isolada ou asso