Anatomy and surgical approach to the humerus, radius and ulna of common sloth (Bradypus variegatus) / Anatomia e acesso cirúrgico ao úmero, rádio e ulna de preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus)

The surgical clinic of wild animals has increased in routine veterinary, where fractures by traumas are of frequent occurrence. This study determined the surgical accesses for osteosynthesis of the diaphyses of the humerus, radius and ulna of common sloth (Bradypus variegatus). Seven cadavers of B. variegatus were used for determination of the muscles of the thoracic limb, as well as the most important vessels and nerves, and better bone area for fixation of internal implants. The structural conformation of the radius and ulna in Bradypus variegatus were like those described in the literature for domestic animals but the humerus presented differences in the distal extremity because it was flattened. The musculature of Bradypus variegatus showed similarities with domestic animals. Due the different conformation of the humerus the surgical access to this bone can be performed by lateral approach, from the incision of M. triceps brachii lateral head, for fixation of the implant on the lateral side of the bone. Surgical access to the radius shaft can be performed by craniolateral approach, by incising the muscular fascia and separation of the cranially M. common digital extensor, and lateral digital extensor caudally. In ulna, a caudal access to the bone can be performed followed by release of the insertion m. flexor carpoulnar for placement of the internal implant on the lateral bone face.

A clínica cirúrgica de animais silvestres tem se intensificado na rotina veterinária, onde fraturas por traumas são frequentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi a determinação de acessos cirúrgicos para osteossíntese das diáfises do úmero, rádio e ulna de preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus). Sete cadáveres de B. variegatus foram utilizados para determinação dos músculos do membro torácico, bem como dos vasos e nervos mais importantes, e melhor área óssea para fixação de implantes internos. A conformação estrutural do rádio e da ulna em B. variegatus eram similares às descritas na literatura para animais domésticos, o úmero apresentou diferenças na extremidade distal pois apresentou-se achatado. A musculatura de B. variegatus mostrou semelhanças com os animais domésticos. Devido à diferente conformação do úmero o acesso cirúrgico a este osso pode ser realizado por abordagem lateral, a partir da incisão do M. tríceps braquial cabeça lateral, para fixação do implante na face lateral do osso. O acesso cirúrgico à diáfise do rádio pode ser realizado por abordagem craniolateral, por incisão da fáscia muscular e separação cranialmente do M. extensor digital comum e extensor digital lateral caudalmente. Na ulna, pode-se realizar um acesso caudal ao osso seguido de liberação da inserção do M. flexor carpoulnar para colocação do implante interno na face lateral do osso.

Presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in captive yellow-spotted river turtles (Podocnemis unifilis) in the Eastern Amazon / Presença de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em tracajás (Podocnemis unifilis) na Amazônia Oriental

We describe anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinin in yellow-spotted river turtles (Podocnemis unifilis)in the Amazon region. Ninety-eight serum samples from individuals housed at the Bosque Rodrigues Alves Zoobotanical Garden of Amazonia, Belém, PA, Brazil, were subject to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using 19 different Leptospira spp. antigen serogroups. Thirty-four of the 98 samples (35%) were reactive, with titers ranging from 100 to 3200, and eight 8 reactive samples (23.5%) co-agglutinated under two or more serovars.The most common serogroup was Hebdomadis (26.9%, 7/26), followed by Semaranga (23%, 6/26), Shermani (19.2%, 5/26), Djasiman (11.5%, 3/26), and Australis (7.7%, 2/26); Bataviae, Javanica, and Sejroewere represented by a single sample each (3.9%). The presence of turtles reactive to anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies implies exposure to the pathogen.(AU)

Este trabalho descreve a detecção de aglutininas anti-Leptospira spp. em tracajás (Podocnemis unifilis) na região Amazônica. Obtivemos 98 amostras de soro, as quais foram submetidas ao teste de aglutinação microscópica (MAT), utilizando 31 antígenos de diferentes sorogrupos de Leptospira spp. Das 98 amostras de soro coletadas, 35% (34/98) reagiram apresentando titulações de 100 a 3200; 23,53% dessas amostras (8/34) coaglutinaram na presença de dois ou mais sorovares. O sorogrupo mais comum foi Hebdomadis com 26,9% (7/26), seguido de Semaranga com 23% (6/26), Shermani com 19,2% (5/26), Djasiman com 11,5% (3/26), e Australis com 7,7% (2/26). Bataviae, Javanica, e Sejroe foram representados com apenas uma amostra (3,9%). A presença de tracajás reagentes a anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. implica na exposição ao patógeno.(AU)

Detection of anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinins in captive South American river turtles, Podocnemis expansa / Detecção de aglutininas anti-Leptospira spp. em tartarugas-da-Amazônia, Podocnemis expansa de cativeiro

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis transmitted by contact with infected urine or water contaminated with the agent. Searches for Leptospira spp. in reptiles are scarce although most species have contact with aquatic environments. We evaluated the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in Podocnemis expansa housed at the Amazonian Zoobotanical Garden, in Belém, Pará state, Brazil. We analyzed 74 serum samples through the microscopic agglutination test using 31 live antigens from different Leptospira spp. serogroups. Thirty samples (40.5%) were positive against Leptospira spp., with titrations between 100 and 3,200 for one or more serogroups. The Hebdomadis serogroup was the most prevalent, with 26 (87%) out of the 30 positive samples, followed by Djasiman, with two (7%) and Celledoni and Bataviae with one (3%) sample each. The detection of anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinins in P. expansa suggests that the aquatic environment is a transmission route for this pathogen among chelonians.(AU)

A leptospirose é uma zoonose transmitida pelo contato com urina infectada ou água contaminada com o agente. Estudos de Leptospira spp. em répteis são escassos, apesar da maioria das espécies terem contato com ambientes aquáticos. Avaliamos a presença de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em Podocnemis expansa mantidas no Jardim Zoobotânico da Amazônia, em Belém, Pará, Brasil. Analisamos 74 amostras de soro por meio do teste de aglutinação microscópica usando 31 antígenos vivos de diferentes sorogrupos de Leptospira spp. Trinta amostras (40,5%) foram reagentes contra Leptospira spp., com titulações entre 100 e 3.200 para um ou mais sorogrupos. O sorogrupo Hebdomadis foi o mais prevalente, com 26 (87%) das 30 amostras positivas, seguido por Djasiman, com duas (7%) e Celledoni e Bataviae com uma (3%) amostra cada. A detecção de aglutininas anti-Leptospira spp. em P. expansa sugere que o ambiente aquático é uma via de transmissão para esse patógeno entre quelônios.(AU)

Ocorrência de adenocarcinoma endometrial em Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758): Relato de caso / Occurrence of endometrial adenocarcinoma in Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758): Case report

Endometrial adenocarcinoma is often view in rabbits at older age, disabling them for reproduction. Thepresente work aim to report the occurrence of endometrial adenocarcinoma in Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the cityof Belém, Pará. The animal come to death and it was referred for the performance of its necropsy, thereproductive tract was fixed in formaldehyde to continue the histopathological examination. Grossly, it wasverified that the uterine horn exhibited a dilated segment, vascularised and with friable tissue. Microscopicallyit was noticed tubular pattern formation with luminal expansion, anisocytosis, anisonucleosis and low mitoticrates. Then, due to the pathological characteristics, it suggests an occurrence of endometrial adenocarcinomain rabbits.(AU)

Ocorrência de adenocarcinoma endometrial em Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758): Relato de caso / Occurrence of endometrial adenocarcinoma in Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758): Case report

Endometrial adenocarcinoma is often view in rabbits at older age, disabling them for reproduction. Thepresente work aim to report the occurrence of endometrial adenocarcinoma in Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the cityof Belém, Pará. The animal come to death and it was referred for the performance of its necropsy, thereproductive tract was fixed in formaldehyde to continue the histopathological examination. Grossly, it wasverified that the uterine horn exhibited a dilated segment, vascularised and with friable tissue. Microscopicallyit was noticed tubular pattern formation with luminal expansion, anisocytosis, anisonucleosis and low mitoticrates. Then, due to the pathological characteristics, it suggests an occurrence of endometrial adenocarcinomain rabbits.