Effect of Sorghum Based Nutritional Programs on Performance, Carcass Yield and Composition of Breast in Broilers

An experiment was conducted to compare three nutritional programs, which were developed with tannin-free grain sorghum based diets, evaluating performance, carcass yield and bromatological composition of the pectoral muscle of broilers. A total 1360 chicks mixed (50:50), from one to 42 days old Hubbard Flex Broilers, were housed in a completely randomized design consisting of treatments and 10 replicates each, distributed as follows: three programs with whole sorghum grain based diets (nutritional program with daily adjustment, nutritional program with every three days adjustment and nutritional program with four stages and a program with ground and whole sorghum grain based feed (four stages). The cumulative performance was evaluated at, 21 and 42 days, determining feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and viability. At 42 days, the yield of eviscerated carcass, breast (full and boneless), thighs/drumsticks and wings and breast composition were evaluated. Nutritional adjustments showed better feed conversion, did not affect the carcass, commercial cuts yield and had a good breast meat quality. It can be concluded that daily feed programs could be performed in poultry industry with the mixture of whole sorghum grains and concentrates directly on farms contributing to better logistics and feed transportation cost.(AU)

Effect of Sorghum Based Nutritional Programs on Performance, Carcass Yield and Composition of Breast in Broilers

An experiment was conducted to compare three nutritional programs, which were developed with tannin-free grain sorghum based diets, evaluating performance, carcass yield and bromatological composition of the pectoral muscle of broilers. A total 1360 chicks mixed (50:50), from one to 42 days old Hubbard Flex Broilers, were housed in a completely randomized design consisting of treatments and 10 replicates each, distributed as follows: three programs with whole sorghum grain based diets (nutritional program with daily adjustment, nutritional program with every three days adjustment and nutritional program with four stages and a program with ground and whole sorghum grain based feed (four stages). The cumulative performance was evaluated at, 21 and 42 days, determining feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and viability. At 42 days, the yield of eviscerated carcass, breast (full and boneless), thighs/drumsticks and wings and breast composition were evaluated. Nutritional adjustments showed better feed conversion, did not affect the carcass, commercial cuts yield and had a good breast meat quality. It can be concluded that daily feed programs could be performed in poultry industry with the mixture of whole sorghum grains and concentrates directly on farms contributing to better logistics and feed transportation cost.

Productive and Economic Performance of Broiler Chickens Subjected to Different Nutritional Plans

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of nutritional plans on the productive and economic performance of Hubbard Flex broiler chickens. A completely randomized experimental design was applied, consisting of five treatments. Treatments consisted of five different nutritional plans: a basal diet containing the nutrient and energy levels recommended by literature and designated reference diet; two diets containing 1.5% and 3% lower levels than the reference diet; and two diets containing 1.5% and 3% higher levels than the reference diet (-3%, -1.5%, reference plan, +1.5% and +3%). Feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), feed conversion rate (FCR), livability (L) and productive efficient index (PEI) were determined when broilers were 42 days old. Broilers were processed, and carcass and parts (breast fillet, leg, and wings) yields were determined. The economic viablility of the nutitional plans was evaluated as a function of feed cost/kg live and carcass weights, economic efficiency index (EEI), and cost index (CI). Feed intake and the feed conversion rate decreased as dietary nutrient and energy levels increased. Feed cost/kg live weight, economic efficiency index, and cost index cost increased as dietary nutrient and energy levels increased. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio, production efficiency index, and breast yield improved with increasing nutritional and energy levels. However, worse economic results were obtained with higher nutritional and energy levels.

Productive and Economic Performance of Broiler Chickens Subjected to Different Nutritional Plans

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of nutritional plans on the productive and economic performance of Hubbard Flex broiler chickens. A completely randomized experimental design was applied, consisting of five treatments. Treatments consisted of five different nutritional plans: a basal diet containing the nutrient and energy levels recommended by literature and designated reference diet; two diets containing 1.5% and 3% lower levels than the reference diet; and two diets containing 1.5% and 3% higher levels than the reference diet (-3%, -1.5%, reference plan, +1.5% and +3%). Feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), feed conversion rate (FCR), livability (L) and productive efficient index (PEI) were determined when broilers were 42 days old. Broilers were processed, and carcass and parts (breast fillet, leg, and wings) yields were determined. The economic viablility of the nutitional plans was evaluated as a function of feed cost/kg live and carcass weights, economic efficiency index (EEI), and cost index (CI). Feed intake and the feed conversion rate decreased as dietary nutrient and energy levels increased. Feed cost/kg live weight, economic efficiency index, and cost index cost increased as dietary nutrient and energy levels increased. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio, production efficiency index, and breast yield improved with increasing nutritional and energy levels. However, worse economic results were obtained with higher nutritional and energy levels.(AU)

Feeding management strategy for male broiler breeders and its effects on body weight, hatchability and fertility

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the supply of a specific-male diet on rooster body weight, hatchability, and fertility. Two diets were supplied during the egg production period: treatment 1, diet formulated for females and containing, in average, 2,830 kcal ME/kg and 15% CP; and treatment 2, diet specifically formulated for male broiler breeders, containing 2,750 kcal ME/kg and 13.5% CP. In the experiment, 26 flocks, with approximately 7,000 females and 840 males each, belonging to the same broiler breeder commercial strain, were distributed into 26 houses (1200m²) on the same farm, and submitted to the same management practices. Body weight was evaluated in 13 flocks per treatment and for five weeks (45, 50, 55, 60, 65), and hatchability and fertility in four incubation lots per treatment and for the same weeks. Data were evaluated by the analysis of mixed models for repeated measurements, using the PROC MIXED of SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA), and means were compared by the test of Tukey-Kramer at 5% significance level. The specific-male diet allowed body weight control during all analyzed weeks and promoted high hatchability and egg fertility. The increase in the number of chicks hatched demonstrates the economic viability of feeding a specific diet for male broiler breeders.

Feeding management strategy for male broiler breeders and its effects on body weight, hatchability and fertility

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the supply of a specific-male diet on rooster body weight, hatchability, and fertility. Two diets were supplied during the egg production period: treatment 1, diet formulated for females and containing, in average, 2,830 kcal ME/kg and 15% CP; and treatment 2, diet specifically formulated for male broiler breeders, containing 2,750 kcal ME/kg and 13.5% CP. In the experiment, 26 flocks, with approximately 7,000 females and 840 males each, belonging to the same broiler breeder commercial strain, were distributed into 26 houses (1200m²) on the same farm, and submitted to the same management practices. Body weight was evaluated in 13 flocks per treatment and for five weeks (45, 50, 55, 60, 65), and hatchability and fertility in four incubation lots per treatment and for the same weeks. Data were evaluated by the analysis of mixed models for repeated measurements, using the PROC MIXED of SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA), and means were compared by the test of Tukey-Kramer at 5% significance level. The specific-male diet allowed body weight control during all analyzed weeks and promoted high hatchability and egg fertility. The increase in the number of chicks hatched demonstrates the economic viability of feeding a specific diet for male broiler breeders.(AU)

Identification of Lactobacillus UFV H2b20 (probiotic strain) using DNA-DNA hybridization

Sequence analyses of the 16S rDNA gene and DNA-DNA hybridization tests were performed for identification of the species of the probiotic Lactobacillus UFV H2b20 strain. Using these two tests, we concluded that this strain, originally considered Lact. acidophilus, should be classified as Lact. delbrueckii.

Análise da seqüência do gene 16S rDNA e ensaios de hibridização DNA_DNA foram empregados para identificar a espécie da cepa probiótica Lactobacillus UFV H2b20. Empregando-se estes dois testes, concluímos que esta cepa, originalmente considerada Lact. acidophilus, deve ser classificada como Lact. delbrueckii.

Evaluación del cultivo protegido por agrotextil en la cultura de lechuga y su desempeño en diferentes tipos de aplicaciones

RESUMEN El uso de cultivos protegidos con agrotextil es una técnica que se ha ido destacando a lo largo del tiempo, por su eficacia y facilidad de aplicación, principalmente en forma de cubiertas flotantes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los diferentes métodos de aplicación del agrotextil blanco (17 g / m2) aplicado en forma de coberturas flotantes, asociadas a cubierturas de suelo utilizando agrotextil negro (45 g / m2) y mulching plástico negro (MP 25 µm) en el cultivo de lechuga. Los resultados mostraron variaciones significativas para masa fresca, lo que indica que el mejor método de aplicación fue en mulching plástico asociado al agrotextil en forma de cubierta flotante. El cultivo de lechuga mantenida sobre el agrotextil mostró un desarrollo vegetativo superior cuando se comparó en la parte aérea el número de hojas / planta y la altura, mostrando mejores resultados cuando se utilizó, en el tratamiento, la cobertura directamente sobre el cultivo o utilizando una guía de hilo de nylon como guía en comparación con el tratamiento sin cobertura agrotextil. Otro factor positivo fue el efecto de agrotextil como barrera física contra insectos plaga, reduciendo significativamente la infestación.

RESUMO A utilização do cultivo protegido com agrotextil é uma técnica que vem se destacando ao longo do tempo, por sua eficiência e facilidade de manejo, principalmente na forma de cobertura flutuante. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os diferentes métodos de aplicação do agrotextil branco (17 g/m2) aplicado na forma de cobertas flutuantes, associado a coberturas de solo utilizando o agrotextil negro (45 g/m2) e o mulching plástico preto (MP 25 µm) na cultura de alface. Os resultados mostraram variações significativas quanto à massa fresca, indicando que o melhor método de aplicação se constituiu no mulching plástico associado ao agrotextil na forma de coberta flutuante. A cultura da alface mantida sobre o agrotextil mostrou um desenvolvimento vegetativo superior quando se comparou o número de folhas/planta e a altura da parte aérea, apresentando melhores resultados quando se utilizou, no tratamento, a cobertura diretamente sobre o cultivo ou empregando um fio guia quando comparados ao tratamento sem cobertura de agrotextil. Outro fator positivo foi o efeito do agrotextil como barreira física contra insetos-praga reduzindo significativamente a infestação.

Identification of Lactobacillus UFV H2b20 (probiotic strain) using DNA-DNA hybridization

Sequence analyses of the 16S rDNA gene and DNA-DNA hybridization tests were performed for identification of the species of the probiotic Lactobacillus UFV H2b20 strain. Using these two tests, we concluded that this strain, originally considered Lact. acidophilus, should be classified as Lact. delbrueckii.

Análise da seqüência do gene 16S rDNA e ensaios de hibridização DNA_DNA foram empregados para identificar a espécie da cepa probiótica Lactobacillus UFV H2b20. Empregando-se estes dois testes, concluímos que esta cepa, originalmente considerada Lact. acidophilus, deve ser classificada como Lact. delbrueckii.

Resistência a antimicrobianos dependente do sistema de efluxo multidrogas em Escherichia coli isoladas de leite mastítico / Antimicrobial resistance dependent on multidrugs efflux in Escherichia coli isolated from the mastitic milk

Identificaram-se e caracterizaram-se a resistência e a multirresistência aos principais antimicrobianos usados no tratamento de mastite bovina causada por Escherichia coli. A concentração inibitória mínima (MIC) e o sistema de efluxo foram detectados pelas curvas de crescimento, com base na densidade óptica, em diferentes concentrações da droga e na presença e na ausência do desacoplador da força próton-motora (PMF). E. coli 1 foi resistente à neomicina e à gentamicina; E. coli 3 e 4, à tetraciclina e à estreptomicina; e E. coli 2 e 6 à gentamicina. E. coli 5 apresentou modelo de sensibilidade. Observou-se que MICs de todos os antimicrobianos dos multirresistentes (E. coli 1, 3 e 4) diminuíram na presença do desacoplador, o que sugere sistema de efluxo multidrogas. Após cura, apenas E. coli 1 apresentou modelo de sensibilidade, porém não houve alterações das MICs, antes e após adição do desacoplador. Os resultados indicam possível presença de mecanismo de resistência dependente da PMF codificado, ou parte dele, em plasmídeo.(AU)

Resistance and multiresistance to main antimicrobials used for treating bovine mastitis caused by Escherichia coli were identified and characterized. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and efflux systems were detected by the use of growth curves based on optical density at different drug concentrations and both presence and absence of uncoupler of the proton-motive force (PMF). E. coli 1 was resistant to neomycin and gentamycin, E. coli 3 and 4 were resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin, whereas E. coli 2 and 6 were resistant to gentamycin. E. coli 5 showed sensibility model. MICs of all antimicrobials of the multiresistant samples (E. coli 1, 3, and 4) were decreased in presence of the uncoupler, therefore suggesting the presence of the multidrug efflux system. After healing, only E. coli 1 showed sensibility model, however no alteration occurred in MIC(s) before and after adding the uncoupler. Those data inform the possible presence of a PMF dependent resistance mechanism that is totally or partly codified in plasmid.(AU)

Resistance to antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from broiler carcasses / Resistência a antibióticos em bactérias Gram-negativas isoladas de carcaças de frangos

One hundred and ninety-seven isolates of Gram-negative bacteria, comprising 10 genera, were isolated from poultry carcasses at a processing plant in order to investigate resistance to low levels of antibiotics. The samples were taken just after evisceration and before inspection. Most of the isolates were of Samonella and Escherichia. Other genera present were Enterobacter, Serratia, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Erwinia, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas. Distinct profiles of antibiotic resistance were detected. Resistance to more than two antibiotics predominated and spanned several classes of antibiotics. Salmonellae and escherichiae were mainly resistant to the aminoglycosides, followed by tetracycline, nitrofuran, sulpha, macrolide, chloramphenicol, quinolones and b-lactams. Most isolates were sensitive to 30mg/ml olaquindox, the growth promoter in use at the time of sampling. However, many were resistant to a level of 10mg/ml and 13mg/ml olaquindox, levels present in the gut due to the dilution in the feed. The results suggest a possible role of low level administration of antibiotics to broilers in selecting multi-resistant bacteria in vivo.(AU)

Para verificar a resistência a baixos níveis de antibióticos foram obtidos e identificados 197 isolados de bactérias Gram negativas pertencentes a 10 gêneros. Os isolados foram coletados em abatedouro industrial, imediatamente após a evisceração e antes do serviço de inspeção. Salmonella e Escherichia foram os gêneros identificados com maior freqüência. Os demais gêneros foram Aeromonas, Enterobacter, Serratia, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Erwinia, Kluyvera, Pseudomonas e Aeromonas. Diferentes perfis de resistência a antibióticos foram detectados. A resistência a mais de dois antibióticos foi freqüente na maioria dos isolados e incluiu diversas classes de antibióticos. As bactérias dos gêneros Salmonella e Escherichia apresentaram maior percentagem de isolados resistentes à classe dos aminoglicosídeos, seguida das classes de tetraciclina, nitrofurano, sulfa, macrolídeo, cloranfenicol, quinolona e â-lactâmico. A maioria dos isolados foi sensível a 30mg/ml de olaquindox, promotor de crescimento usado no período da coleta das amostras. Foram observados isolados com resistência ao olaquindox nas concentrações de 10mg/ml e 13mg/ml, níveis presentes no intestinos das aves devido à diluição da ração. Os resultados sugerem que os baixos níveis de antibióticos administrados aos frangos podem estar selecionando “in vivo” bactérias multirresistentes.(AU)