Utilização da pele de tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) como xenoenxerto em um equino com ferimento traumático / Treatment of a traumatic equine wound using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin as a xenograft

Background: Wounds are disruptions of the normal continuity of anatomic structures, generally due to local trauma. Theyare extremely prevalent in animals, especially horses, and a common reason for seeking veterinary attention. Their management aims to restore the function and integrity of the affected area in the shortest possible time and cost, while providingsatisfactory cosmetic results. This task becomes challenging when working with horses, considering the contact betweenwounds and contaminated environment is common. Thus, the present study aims to report the case of a traumatic equinewound treated with Nile Tilapia Fish Skin (NTFS).Case: A male 27-year-old horse previously castrated, with no defined breed (NDB), and weighing 400 kg presented a 6.0 x5.5 cm superficial wound in the distal left anterior limb (LAL) due to skin laceration. The animal belonged to the cavalry ofthe Military Police of Ceará, a public institution in Fortaleza, Brazil. Although in excellent general health, with no previouscomorbidities or restriction of movement, the animal was removed from its role in equine-assisted therapy (EAT) until completewound healing, aiming adequate evaluation of the novel biomaterial via lower influence of external factors. After informedconsent from the owner was obtained, Nile Tilapia Fish Skin was applied to the lesion. The Ethics Committee on the use ofanimals of the Drug Research and Development Center of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil, approved the studyprotocol. Compliance with regulations on the ethical treatment of animals was performed. Nile Tilapia Fish Skin applicationfollowed a protocol similar to that established in human clinical studies. Initially, the horse was submitted to wound cleaningwith tap water and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, with no requirement of pre-treatment surgical...

Utilização da pele de tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) como xenoenxerto em um equino com ferimento traumático / Treatment of a traumatic equine wound using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin as a xenograft

Background: Wounds are disruptions of the normal continuity of anatomic structures, generally due to local trauma. Theyare extremely prevalent in animals, especially horses, and a common reason for seeking veterinary attention. Their management aims to restore the function and integrity of the affected area in the shortest possible time and cost, while providingsatisfactory cosmetic results. This task becomes challenging when working with horses, considering the contact betweenwounds and contaminated environment is common. Thus, the present study aims to report the case of a traumatic equinewound treated with Nile Tilapia Fish Skin (NTFS).Case: A male 27-year-old horse previously castrated, with no defined breed (NDB), and weighing 400 kg presented a 6.0 x5.5 cm superficial wound in the distal left anterior limb (LAL) due to skin laceration. The animal belonged to the cavalry ofthe Military Police of Ceará, a public institution in Fortaleza, Brazil. Although in excellent general health, with no previouscomorbidities or restriction of movement, the animal was removed from its role in equine-assisted therapy (EAT) until completewound healing, aiming adequate evaluation of the novel biomaterial via lower influence of external factors. After informedconsent from the owner was obtained, Nile Tilapia Fish Skin was applied to the lesion. The Ethics Committee on the use ofanimals of the Drug Research and Development Center of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil, approved the studyprotocol. Compliance with regulations on the ethical treatment of animals was performed. Nile Tilapia Fish Skin applicationfollowed a protocol similar to that established in human clinical studies. Initially, the horse was submitted to wound cleaningwith tap water and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, with no requirement of pre-treatment surgical...(AU)

Ursodeoxycholic acid in the prevention of gallstones in patients subjected to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Purpose:To evaluate the contribution of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the first 12 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in the prevention of gallstone formation.Methods:A community-based clinical trial was conducted. A total of 137 patients were included in the study; 69 were treated with UDCA, starting 30 days after the surgery, at a dose of 150 mg twice daily (300 mg/day) over a period of 5 consecutive months (GROUP A), and 68 were control patients (GROUP B). The patients were followed-up, and ultrasonography was performed to determine the presence of gallstones at various times during follow-up. Demographic, anthropometric and comorbid indicators were obtained. The data were subjected to normality tests and evaluated using appropriate tests.Results:Patients did not differ in their baseline characteristics. Of the 69 patients who used UDCA, only one patient developed cholelithiasis (1%), whereas 18 controls (26%) formed gallstones (OR = 24.4, p <0.001). Also, other factors were found not to influence the formation of calculi, such as pre-operative or postoperative hepatic steatosis or diabetes (p = 0.759, 0.468, 0.956).Conclusion:The results demonstrated that patients who did not use UDCA showed a 24.4-fold greater probability of developing cholelithiasis.(AU)

Perfil bioquímico de ratos Wistar do Biotério Central da Universidade Federal do Ceará / Biochemical profile of Wistar rats of the Central Biotery of the Federal University of Ceará

O objetivo do estudo foi estabelecer valores de referências dos principais parâmetros bioquímicos de ratos Wistar (fêmeas e machos) provenientes do Biotério Central da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Pesquisa aprovada sob o protocolo n° 62/2017. O experimento foi realizado no período de setembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, realizado no Biotério do Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, na Universidade Federal do Ceará. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar (200 a 250g) de ambos os gêneros, em que se coletou 3 mL de sangue a partir da aorta abdominal (rato Wistar). Após o procedimento os animais foram eutanasiados por aprofundamento do plano anestésico. A análise foi através da estatística descritiva. Os resultados deste trabalho visam estabelecer valores de homeostasia normal. Valores encontrados nos animais do biotério da UFC, para creatinina (0,33mg/dL), colesterol total (62,95mg/dL), bilirrubinas totais e frações (0,14mg/dL), e albumina (4,68g/dL). Os triglicerídeos (60,35mg/dL), TGP (54,95U/I) e TGO (104,35U/I) estão com valores inferiores em relação a outros estudos. Os ratos da linhagem Wistar machos apresentaram os valores dos eletrólitos. Na (136,35mEq/I), K (5,07mEq/I), Cl (100,84mEq/I), Ca (9,9235mEq/I). O magnésio apresentou uma média 2,44 mg/dL, não foi possível correlacionar com outros estudos. As ratas Wistar, apresentaram valores dos eletrólitos semelhantes aos dos machos, sendo o Na (136,33 mEq/I), K (4,62 mEq/I), Cl (99,49 mEq/I), Ca (9,70 mEq/I), Mg (2,27). Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho caracterizam alguns parâmetros relevantes para avaliação de condições clínicas dos ratos Wistar.

The objective of the study was to establish reference values of the main biochemical parameters of Wistar rats (females and males) from the Central Biotério of the Federal University of Ceará. Research approved under protocol no. 62/2017. The experiment was carried out from September 2017 to January 2018, at the Biotério do Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos at the Federal University of Ceará. Wistar rats (200 to 250g) of both genders were used. 3 ml of blood was collected from the abdominal aorta (Wistar rat). After the procedure the animals were euthanized by deepening the anesthetic plane. The analysis was through descriptive statistics. The results of this work aim to establish values of normal homeostasis. The values found in the animals of the UFC, for creatinine (0.33mg/dL), total cholesterol (62.95mg/dL), total bilirubin and fractions (0.14mg/dL), albumin (4.68g/dL). Triglycerides (60.35mg/dL), TGP (54,95U/I) and TGO (104,35U/I) are lower than in other studies. Male Wistar rats presented values of the electrolytes Na (136.35mEq/I), K (5.07mEq/I), Cl (100.84mEq/I), Ca (9.9235mEq/I). Magnesium presented a mean of 2.44 mg/dL, it was not possible to correlate with other studies. The Wistar rats presented electrolyte values similar to those of males, with Na (136.33 mEq/I), K (4.62 mEq/I), Cl (99.49 mEq/I), Ca (9.70 mEq/I), Mg (2.27). The results presented in this work characterize some relevant parameters for the evaluation of clinical conditions of Wistar rats.

Perfil bioquímico de ratos Wistar do Biotério Central da Universidade Federal do Ceará / Biochemical profile of Wistar rats of the Central Biotery of the Federal University of Ceará

O objetivo do estudo foi estabelecer valores de referências dos principais parâmetros bioquímicos de ratos Wistar (fêmeas e machos) provenientes do Biotério Central da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Pesquisa aprovada sob o protocolo n° 62/2017. O experimento foi realizado no período de setembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, realizado no Biotério do Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, na Universidade Federal do Ceará. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar (200 a 250g) de ambos os gêneros, em que se coletou 3 mL de sangue a partir da aorta abdominal (rato Wistar). Após o procedimento os animais foram eutanasiados por aprofundamento do plano anestésico. A análise foi através da estatística descritiva. Os resultados deste trabalho visam estabelecer valores de homeostasia normal. Valores encontrados nos animais do biotério da UFC, para creatinina (0,33mg/dL), colesterol total (62,95mg/dL), bilirrubinas totais e frações (0,14mg/dL), e albumina (4,68g/dL). Os triglicerídeos (60,35mg/dL), TGP (54,95U/I) e TGO (104,35U/I) estão com valores inferiores em relação a outros estudos. Os ratos da linhagem Wistar machos apresentaram os valores dos eletrólitos. Na (136,35mEq/I), K (5,07mEq/I), Cl (100,84mEq/I), Ca (9,9235mEq/I). O magnésio apresentou uma média 2,44 mg/dL, não foi possível correlacionar com outros estudos. As ratas Wistar, apresentaram valores dos eletrólitos semelhantes aos dos machos, sendo o Na (136,33 mEq/I), K (4,62 mEq/I), Cl (99,49 mEq/I), Ca (9,70 mEq/I), Mg (2,27). Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho caracterizam alguns parâmetros relevantes para avaliação de condições clínicas dos ratos Wistar.(AU)

The objective of the study was to establish reference values of the main biochemical parameters of Wistar rats (females and males) from the Central Biotério of the Federal University of Ceará. Research approved under protocol no. 62/2017. The experiment was carried out from September 2017 to January 2018, at the Biotério do Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos at the Federal University of Ceará. Wistar rats (200 to 250g) of both genders were used. 3 ml of blood was collected from the abdominal aorta (Wistar rat). After the procedure the animals were euthanized by deepening the anesthetic plane. The analysis was through descriptive statistics. The results of this work aim to establish values of normal homeostasis. The values found in the animals of the UFC, for creatinine (0.33mg/dL), total cholesterol (62.95mg/dL), total bilirubin and fractions (0.14mg/dL), albumin (4.68g/dL). Triglycerides (60.35mg/dL), TGP (54,95U/I) and TGO (104,35U/I) are lower than in other studies. Male Wistar rats presented values of the electrolytes Na (136.35mEq/I), K (5.07mEq/I), Cl (100.84mEq/I), Ca (9.9235mEq/I). Magnesium presented a mean of 2.44 mg/dL, it was not possible to correlate with other studies. The Wistar rats presented electrolyte values similar to those of males, with Na (136.33 mEq/I), K (4.62 mEq/I), Cl (99.49 mEq/I), Ca (9.70 mEq/I), Mg (2.27). The results presented in this work characterize some relevant parameters for the evaluation of clinical conditions of Wistar rats.(AU)

Experimental model of ultrasound thermotherapy in rats inoculated with Walker-236 tumor

PURPOSE: To develop a model to evaluate the effects of focal pulsed ultrasound (US) waves as a source of heat for treatment of murine subcutaneous implanted Walker tumor. METHODS: An experimental, controlled, comparative study was conducted. Twenty male Wistar rats (160-300 g) randomized in 2 equal groups (G-1: Control and G-2: Hyperthermia) were inoculated with Walker-256 carcinosarcoma tumor. After 5 days G-2 rats were submitted to 45ºC hyperthermia. Heat was delivered directly to the tumor by an ultrasound (US) equipment (3 MHz frequency, 1,5W/cm³). Tumor temperature reached 45º C in 3 minutes and was maintained at this level for 5 minutes. Tumor volume was measured on days 5, 8, 11, 14 e 17 post inoculation in both groups. Unpaired t-test was used for comparison. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Tumor volume was significantly greater in day 5 and decreased in days 11, 14 and 17 in treated rats. Rats treated with hyperthermia survived longer than control animals. On the 29th day following tumor inoculation, 40 percent of control rats and 77.78 percent of hyperthermia-treated rats remained alive. CONCLUSION: The proposed model is quite simple and may be used in less sophisticated laboratory settings for studying the effects of focal hyperthermia in the treatment of malignant implanted tumours or in survival studies.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um modelo para avaliar os efeitos do ultra-som focal pulsado como fonte de calor para o tratamento de tumores de Walker subcutâneos implantados em ratos. MÉTODOS: Um estudo experimental, controlado, comparativo foi realizado. Vinte ratos Wistar machos (160-300 g) divididos em dois grupos (G-1: Controle e G-2: hipertermia) foram inoculados com tumor de Walker carcinossarcoma-256. Após cinco dias os ratos do grupo G-2 ratos foram submetidos a hipertermia (45ºC). O calor foi aplicado diretamente no tumor por um equipamento de ultrassonografia (3 MHz, 1,5 W/cm³). A temperatura no tumor atingiu 45ºC em 3 minutos e foi mantida nesse nível por 5 minutos. O volume do tumor foi medido nos dias 5, 8, 11, 14 e 17 após a inoculação, em ambos os grupos. Teste t não pareado foi utilizado para comparação. P <0,05 foi considerado significante. RESULTADOS: O volume do tumor foi significativamente maior no 5º dia e diminuiu nos dias 11, 14 e 17 nos ratos tratados. Animais submetidos à hipertermia sobreviveram mais tempo que os animais do grupo controle. Vinte nove dias após a inoculação do tumor, 40 por cento dos ratos do grupo controle e 77,78 por cento dos ratos tratados com hipertermia permaneceram vivos. CONCLUSÃO: O modelo proposto é bastante simples e pode ser utilizado em laboratórios menos sofisticados para estudar os efeitos da hipertermia focal no tratamento dos tumores malignos implantados ou em estudos de sobrevida.(AU)

Experimental model of ultrasound thermotherapy in rats inoculated with Walker-236 tumor / Modelo experimental de termoterapia ultrassônica em ratos inoculados com tumor de Walker-236

PURPOSE: To develop a model to evaluate the effects of focal pulsed ultrasound (US) waves as a source of heat for treatment of murine subcutaneous implanted Walker tumor. METHODS: An experimental, controlled, comparative study was conducted. Twenty male Wistar rats (160-300 g) randomized in 2 equal groups (G-1: Control and G-2: Hyperthermia) were inoculated with Walker-256 carcinosarcoma tumor. After 5 days G-2 rats were submitted to 45ºC hyperthermia. Heat was delivered directly to the tumor by an ultrasound (US) equipment (3 MHz frequency, 1,5W/cm³). Tumor temperature reached 45º C in 3 minutes and was maintained at this level for 5 minutes. Tumor volume was measured on days 5, 8, 11, 14 e 17 post inoculation in both groups. Unpaired t-test was used for comparison. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Tumor volume was significantly greater in day 5 and decreased in days 11, 14 and 17 in treated rats. Rats treated with hyperthermia survived longer than control animals. On the 29th day following tumor inoculation, 40 percent of control rats and 77.78 percent of hyperthermia-treated rats remained alive. CONCLUSION: The proposed model is quite simple and may be used in less sophisticated laboratory settings for studying the effects of focal hyperthermia in the treatment of malignant implanted tumours or in survival studies.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um modelo para avaliar os efeitos do ultra-som focal pulsado como fonte de calor para o tratamento de tumores de Walker subcutâneos implantados em ratos. MÉTODOS: Um estudo experimental, controlado, comparativo foi realizado. Vinte ratos Wistar machos (160-300 g) divididos em dois grupos (G-1: Controle e G-2: hipertermia) foram inoculados com tumor de Walker carcinossarcoma-256. Após cinco dias os ratos do grupo G-2 ratos foram submetidos a hipertermia (45ºC). O calor foi aplicado diretamente no tumor por um equipamento de ultrassonografia (3 MHz, 1,5 W/cm³). A temperatura no tumor atingiu 45ºC em 3 minutos e foi mantida nesse nível por 5 minutos. O volume do tumor foi medido nos dias 5, 8, 11, 14 e 17 após a inoculação, em ambos os grupos. Teste t não pareado foi utilizado para comparação. P <0,05 foi considerado significante. RESULTADOS: O volume do tumor foi significativamente maior no 5º dia e diminuiu nos dias 11, 14 e 17 nos ratos tratados. Animais submetidos à hipertermia sobreviveram mais tempo que os animais do grupo controle. No 29º dia após a inoculação do tumor, 40 por cento dos ratos do grupo controle e 77,78 por cento dos ratos tratados com hipertermia permaneceram vivos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos mostram que o modelo proposto é bastante simples e pode ser utilizado em laboratórios menos sofisticados para estudar os efeitos da hipertermia focal no tratamento dos tumores malignos implantados ou em estudos de sobrevida.(AU)

Radiographic and histological evaluation of bisphosphonate alendronate and metotrexate effects on rat mandibles inoculated with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma / Avaliação radiográfica e histológica do efeito do bisfosfonato alendronato e do metotrexato na mandíbula de ratos inoculados com carcinossarcoma 256 de Walker

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of bisphosphosnate alendronate (ALD) and metotrexate (MTX) on an experimental model of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma developed in the oral cavity of rats. METHODS Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cell suspension (0,1 mL) containing 10(6) cell/mL was implanted in the alveoli of the first and second molars. The animals were divided and treated with saline, MTX, ALD, and MTX plus ALD. Later, the animals were sacrificed, the tumors were measured and the mandibles were removed for radiographic and histological analysis. RESULTS: In the control group, the radiographic images demonstrated radioluscency with poorly defined borders, and the microscopic examination revealed tumor infiltration into the peripheral and central regions of the bone. Areas of necrosis were commonly seen. In the treated groups with ALD, associated or not with MTX, the radiographic analysis revealed circumscribed tumor-induced osteolysis and various degrees of radiotransparence; while, histologically, preserved bone trabeculae with osteoid formation was observed among malignant cells. CONCLUSION: The bisphosphonate alendronate exherted an osteoprotective effect and induced bone neoformation on the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma inoculated in rat mandibles. The combination of metotrexate with bisphosphonate alendronate is more successful than treatment with the agents alone in controlling the growth of neoplastic cells and in stimulating reactive new bone. Therefore, this may be an alternative treatment to malignant lesions of maxillaries with osteolysis(AU)

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do bisfosfonato alendronato (ALD) e do metotrexato (MTX) em modelo do carcinossarcoma 256 de Walker na mandíbula de ratos. MÉTODOS: Uma suspensão de células tumorais do carcinossarcoma 256 de Walker (0,1mL), na concentração de 10(6) células/mL, foi implantada nos alvéolos de ratos previamente abertos por exodontia. Os animais foram divididos em grupos e tratados com salina, MTX, ALD e associação do MTX com ALD. Após o sacrifício, os tumores foram medidos e as mandíbulas removidas para exames radiográfico e histológico. RESULTADOS: No exame radiográfico do grupo controle foi verificada área lítica, sem evidência de reparo na região dos alvéolos, e no microscópico, infiltração óssea periférica e central, de pequenas células tumorais com diversas áreas de necrose. Nos grupos tratados com ALD, associado ou não ao MTX, a análise radiográfica mostrou redução da osteólise tumor-induzida com graus variados de radiotransparência na estrutura óssea; enquanto que, na análise histopatológica, trechos de tecido ósseo preservado, com formação de osteóide em meio a células tumorais foram observados. CONCLUSÃO: O bisfosfonato alendronato exerceu um efeito osteoprotetor e induziu neoformação óssea em mandíbulas de ratos implantadas com células de carcinossarcoma de Walker 256. A combinação do metotrexato com o bisfosfonato alendronato foi mais eficaz que o tratamento com os agentes isoladamente no controle do crescimento das células neoplásicas e na estimulação da formação óssea. Sendo assim, essa associação constitui-se uma alternativa de tratamento das neoplasias malignas dos maxilares com invasão e comprometimento ósseo(AU)

Um novo modelo de isolamento do tumor de Walker utilizando o gradiente de Ficoll-Hypaque / A novel model for isolation of Walker's tumoral cells using the Ficoll-Hypaque gradient

OBJETIVO: Analisar uma nova técnica de isolamento das células do tumor de Walker, utilizando o gradiente de ficoll-hypaque. MÉTODOS: Vinte ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em 2 grupos (G1, G2). O tumor do animal doador foi dissecado, triturado em solução de ringer lactato e filtrado. A suspensão celular obtida foi dividida em duas alíquotas (A1 e A2) e a alíquota A2 foi centrifugada em gradiente de ficoll-hypaque. As duas alíquotas foram ajustadas para uma concentração de 1X10(6) células/ml. Um ml da suspensão A1 ou A2 foi injetado por via subcutânea na axila direita dos ratos dos seus respectivos grupos. Os diâmetros tumorais, peso tumoral e análise histológica foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença no volume tumoral (G1=17,9±3,8cm³; G2=17,2±4,4cm³; p=0,190) e no peso tumoral (G1=7,0±1,8g; G2=7,3±2,8g; p=0,569). A análise histológica evidenciou padrões semelhantes de infiltração de células pequenas indiferenciadas e de necrose nos dois grupos. Entretanto, exsudato granulocítico leve a moderado foi mais acentuado no G2 do que no grupo G1 e hemorragia leve a moderada foi observada somente no grupo com ficoll. CONCLUSÃO: O gradiente de ficoll-hypaque é uma técnica adequada de isolamento das células do tumor de Walker e fornece uma suspensão celular menos contaminada com outros tipos celulares. (AU)

PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate a novel technique for isolation of Walker's tumoral cells using a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient and its further influence on tumor development.METHODS: Twenty male Wistar rats have been divided in 2 groups: G1= without ficoll, G2= with ficoll. Tumor was excised, homogenized and suspended in lactate ringer. A sample of the cell suspension was adjusted at a concentration of 1X106 cells/ml (G1). A second sample was centrifuged on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient and the cell concentration was then adjusted (G2). Tumor was implanted by subcutaneous injection of 1.0 ml in the right armpit of rats. Tumor volume (TV) and tumor weight (TW) were compared in two groups.RESULTS: There were no differences between the two groups in TV (G1=17.9±3.8cm3 vs. G2=17.2±4.4cm3; p=0.190) and TW (G1=7.0±1.8g vs. G2=7.3±2.8g; p=0.569). The histological analysis showed similar patterns of infiltration by small-undifferentiated cells and necrosis in both groups. However, a mild to moderate granulocytic exsudate was more frequent in the animals whose tumors derived from Ficoll-isolated cells. Hemorrhage from slight to moderate was only observed in this group.CONCLUSION: A Ficoll-Hypaque gradient can provide more adequate isolation of Walker's tumor and the cell suspension obtained by this technique has lower contamination by other cell types.(AU)