Dynamic of fish trophic guilds in the plateau-plain gradient in the Paraguay River, Northern Pantanal

This study aims to evaluate the dynamics of fish trophic guilds according to the longitudinal gradient of the Paraguay River, northern Pantanal, Brazil. Three river segments were sampled: plateau, confluence and plain. These segments have different physical and biological characteristics, with high water flow in forest areas in plateau and slow flow in meanders, with Pantanal typical vegetation. In total, 26,542 individuals distributed in 130 fish species were collected. The sampled species were characterized in seven trophic guilds. From the seven trophic guilds identified, only three were statistically related to the type of the environment; herbivores were more abundant in the plateau, piscivores in the confluence, and invertivores in the plain. According to values of corrected Akaike Information Criteria, the environmental variable that best explains the abundance of piscivorous fishes in the segments sampled in the Paraguay River was water transparency. For herbivores, the model that explained the variation in abundance was composed by temperature, altitude and dense forest proportion. The variable altitude best represented the abundance of invertivores. Water transparency, temperature, altitude, river width and dense forest proportion were determining factors for the distribution of piscivorous, herbivorous and invertivorous fishes as a response to an environmental gradient that meets its ecological requirements. Understanding the trophic relationships is fundamental for management actions, contributing to the maintenance of ecosystem services of different species. Therefore, future research must be taken into account regarding management and ecological relationships.(AU)

Effects of flood pulse on the community of Loricariidae (Pisces, Siluriformes) in oxbow lakes of the Pantanal, Brazil / Efeitos do pulso de inundação sobre a comunidade de Loricariidae (Pisces, Siluriformes) em lagoas do Pantanal, Brasil

Seasonal variations can promote environmental changes, and consecutively, influence the structure of the fish assemblage. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate the effect of flood pulse and lateral connectivity on Loricariidae assemblages in oxbow lakes; and ii) to determine the environmental factors driving the local structure of these species in the northern portion of the Pantanal. For this purpose, the fish community was sampled in two oxbow lakes between September 2005 and August 2007. The assemblages were mainly affected by seasonal fluctuations and were spatially unstructured, demonstrating that the flood pulse has a predominant role in the structuring of Loricariidae. In addition, the homogeneity of the assemblages between the lakes pointed to a frequent movement of the fish among the different subsystems, suggesting a high level of interaction and mixing between the habitats along the floodplain. The flood pulse was also responsible for significant changes in depth, dissolved oxygen and turbidity along the seasons, factors driving the structure of the fish assemblages. It was evident that seasonal environmental changes and connectivity are significant in the structure of Loricariidae assemblages in the Pantanal, sustaining high diversity and abundance.(AU)

Variações sazonais podem promover alterações ambientais, e consecutivamente, influenciar a estrutura da assembleia de peixes. Os objetivos desse estudo foram i) investigar o efeito do pulso de inundação e conectividade lateral sobre a assembleia de Loricariídeos em lagoas marginais; e ii) determinar os fatores ambientais que controlam estrutura local dessas espécies no Pantanal Matogrossense. Para isso foi amostrado a comunidade íctica de duas lagoas marginais, entre setembro de 2005 e agosto de 2007. As assembleias foram afetadas sobretudo por flutuações sazonais e pouco estruturada espacialmente, demonstrando que o pulso de inundação tem papel preponderante na estruturação de Loricariidae. Além disso, a homogeneidade das assembleias entre as lagoas apontou um frequente movimento dos peixes entre os diferentes subsistemas, o que sugere um alto nível de interação e mistura entre os habitats ao longo da planície de inundação. O pulso de inundação também se manifestou em mudanças significativas na profundidade, oxigênio dissolvido e turbidez ao longo do período de estudo, determinantes para a estrutura das assembleias. Assim, ficou evidente que mudanças ambientais sazonais e a conectividade são fatores determinantes da estrutura das assembleias de Loricariidae nas lagoas marginais no Pantanal, sustentando elevada diversidade e abundância.(AU)

Effects of flood pulse on the community of Loricariidae (Pisces, Siluriformes) in oxbow lakes of the Pantanal, Brazil / Efeitos do pulso de inundação sobre a comunidade de Loricariidae (Pisces, Siluriformes) em lagoas do Pantanal, Brasil

Seasonal variations can promote environmental changes, and consecutively, influence the structure of the fish assemblage. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate the effect of flood pulse and lateral connectivity on Loricariidae assemblages in oxbow lakes; and ii) to determine the environmental factors driving the local structure of these species in the northern portion of the Pantanal. For this purpose, the fish community was sampled in two oxbow lakes between September 2005 and August 2007. The assemblages were mainly affected by seasonal fluctuations and were spatially unstructured, demonstrating that the flood pulse has a predominant role in the structuring of Loricariidae. In addition, the homogeneity of the assemblages between the lakes pointed to a frequent movement of the fish among the different subsystems, suggesting a high level of interaction and mixing between the habitats along the floodplain. The flood pulse was also responsible for significant changes in depth, dissolved oxygen and turbidity along the seasons, factors driving the structure of the fish assemblages. It was evident that seasonal environmental changes and connectivity are significant in the structure of Loricariidae assemblages in the Pantanal, sustaining high diversity and abundance.

Variações sazonais podem promover alterações ambientais, e consecutivamente, influenciar a estrutura da assembleia de peixes. Os objetivos desse estudo foram i) investigar o efeito do pulso de inundação e conectividade lateral sobre a assembleia de Loricariídeos em lagoas marginais; e ii) determinar os fatores ambientais que controlam estrutura local dessas espécies no Pantanal Matogrossense. Para isso foi amostrado a comunidade íctica de duas lagoas marginais, entre setembro de 2005 e agosto de 2007. As assembleias foram afetadas sobretudo por flutuações sazonais e pouco estruturada espacialmente, demonstrando que o pulso de inundação tem papel preponderante na estruturação de Loricariidae. Além disso, a homogeneidade das assembleias entre as lagoas apontou um frequente movimento dos peixes entre os diferentes subsistemas, o que sugere um alto nível de interação e mistura entre os habitats ao longo da planície de inundação. O pulso de inundação também se manifestou em mudanças significativas na profundidade, oxigênio dissolvido e turbidez ao longo do período de estudo, determinantes para a estrutura das assembleias. Assim, ficou evidente que mudanças ambientais sazonais e a conectividade são fatores determinantes da estrutura das assembleias de Loricariidae nas lagoas marginais no Pantanal, sustentando elevada diversidade e abundância.