Proteolytic activity of Triatoma infestans saliva associated with PAR-2 activation and vasodilation

Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is a hematophagous insect and the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). In the present study, the authors investigated whether a serine protease activity from the saliva of T. infestans has a role in vasomotor modulation, and in the insect-blood feeding by cleaving and activating protease-activated receptors (PARs). Methods T. infestans saliva was chromatographed as previously reported for purification of triapsin, a serine protease. The cleavage activity of triapsin on PAR peptides was investigated based on FRET technology. Mass spectrometry was used to analyze the sites of PAR-2 peptide cleaved by triapsin. NO measurements were performed using the DAN assay (2,3-diaminonapthalene). The vasorelaxant activity of triapsin was measured in vessels with or without functional endothelium pre-contracted with phenylephrine (3 µM). Intravital microscopy was used to assess the effect of triapsin on mouse skin microcirculation. Results Triapsin was able to induce hydrolysis of PAR peptides and showed a higher preference for cleavage of the PAR-2 peptide. Analysis by mass spectrometry confirmed a single cleavage site, which corresponds to the activation site of the PAR-2 receptor. Triapsin induced dose-dependent NO release in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), reaching a maximum effect at 17.58 nM. Triapsin purified by gel-filtration chromatography (10-16 to 10-9 M) was applied cumulatively to mouse mesenteric artery rings and showed a potent endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect (EC30 = 10-12 M). Nitric oxide seems to be partially responsible for this vasodilator effect because L-NAME (L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester 300 µM), a nitric oxide synthetase inhibitor, did not abrogate the vasodilation activated by triapsin. Anti-PAR-2 antibody completely inhibited vasodilation observed in the presence of triapsin activity. Triapsin activity also induced an increase in the mouse ear venular diameter. Conclusion Data from this study suggest a plausible association between triapsin activity mediated PAR-2 activation and vasodilation caused by T. infestans saliva.(AU)

Proteolytic activity of Triatoma infestans saliva associated with PAR-2 activation and vasodilation

Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is a hematophagous insect and the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). In the present study, the authors investigated whether a serine protease activity from the saliva of T. infestans has a role in vasomotor modulation, and in the insect-blood feeding by cleaving and activating protease-activated receptors (PARs). Methods T. infestans saliva was chromatographed as previously reported for purification of triapsin, a serine protease. The cleavage activity of triapsin on PAR peptides was investigated based on FRET technology. Mass spectrometry was used to analyze the sites of PAR-2 peptide cleaved by triapsin. NO measurements were performed using the DAN assay (2,3-diaminonapthalene). The vasorelaxant activity of triapsin was measured in vessels with or without functional endothelium pre-contracted with phenylephrine (3 µM). Intravital microscopy was used to assess the effect of triapsin on mouse skin microcirculation. Results Triapsin was able to induce hydrolysis of PAR peptides and showed a higher preference for cleavage of the PAR-2 peptide. Analysis by mass spectrometry confirmed a single cleavage site, which corresponds to the activation site of the PAR-2 receptor. Triapsin induced dose-dependent NO release in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), reaching a maximum effect at 17.58 nM. Triapsin purified by gel-filtration chromatography (10-16 to 10-9 M) was applied cumulatively to mouse mesenteric artery rings and showed a potent endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect (EC30 = 10-12 M). Nitric oxide seems to be partially responsible for this vasodilator effect because L-NAME (L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester 300 µM), a nitric oxide synthetase inhibitor, did not abrogate the vasodilation activated by triapsin. Anti-PAR-2 antibody completely inhibited vasodilation observed in the presence of triapsin activity. Triapsin activity also induced an increase in the mouse ear venular diameter. Conclusion Data from this study suggest a plausible association between triapsin activity mediated PAR-2 activation and vasodilation caused by T. infestans saliva.(AU)

Análise clínico-laboratorial de um felino com esporotricose cutânea / Clinical-laboratory analysis of a feline with cutaneous sporotricosis

A esporotricose é uma micose subcutânea piogranulomatosa causada por um fungo saprófito que acomete grande variedade de animais e também os humanos. O diagnóstico baseia-se na anamnese, exame físico e exames complementares tais como citopatológico da secreção, histopatológico da pele acometida e no estudo morfológico macro e microscópico da cultura fúngica. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever os achados laboratoriais de um felino com esporotricose, associando-os com a forma clínica desta enfermidade. Um gato doméstico foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário Universitário Prof. Dr. Ivon Macêdo Tabosa no município de Patos, no estado da Paraíba, em julho de 2019. O paciente apresentava feridas na orelha com presença de secreção, aumento de volume com coloração avermelhada, áreas circulares de alopecia e descamação no membro pélvico esquerdo. Foi solicitado hemograma, bioquímica sérica, citologia e cultura micológica. Não houve alterações no eritrograma e plaquetograma. No leucograma, observou-se leucocitose com desvio a esquerda regenerativo. O exame citopatológico da lesão apresentou estruturas compatíveis com leveduras de Sporothrix spp. no fundo de lâmina e no interior dos leucócitos. No entanto, é sugerido que outros métodos diferenciais de diagnósticos sejam indicados para não excluir a possibilidade da doença.

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous pyogranulomatous mycosis caused by a fungus that affects a wide variety of animals and humans. Its diagnosis is based on anamnesis, physical examination, and complementary exams such as cytopathology of the secretion, histopathology of the injured skin and the macro and microscopic morphological study of fungal culture. This study aims to describe the laboratory findings of a feline with sporotrichosis, associating them with the clinical form of this disease. A domestic cat was treated at the University Veterinarian Hospital Prof. Dr. Ivon Macêdo Tabosa in the city of Patos, State of Paraíba, in july 2019. The patient had ear wounds with secretion, swelling with reddish color, circular areas of alopecia and flaking in the left pelvic limb. Blood count, serum biochemistry, cytology and mycological culture exams were requested. There were no changes in the erythrogram and platelet chart. In the leukogram, it was observed leukocytosis with a left regenerative deviation. The cytopathological examination of the lesion showed structures compatible with yeasts of Sporothrix spp. At the bottom of the slide and inside the leukocytes. However, it is suggested that other differential methods of diagnosis be indicated in order not to exclude the possibility of the disease.

Sunflower cultivation under different irrigation systems and planting spacings in the sub-middle region of São Francisco Valley / Cultivo do girassol com diferentes sistemas de irrigação e espaçamentos de plantio no Submédio São Francisco

The growth and yield of sunflower plants can be influenced by the plant population arrangement and the type of irrigation system adopted to meet the water requirements of the crop. This study examines the influence of different irrigation systems and spacings between planting rows on the development of sunflower cultivars for the sub-middle region of São Francisco Valley. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement in which the plots consisted of three irrigation systems (drip, micro-sprinkler and sprinkler); sub-plots were represented by three spacings between planting rows (0.65, 0.55 and 0.45 m); and sub-sub-plots corresponded to two sunflower cultivars (Hélio 251 and Hélio 360). The following variables were analyzed: plant height; number of leaves; stem diameter; number of heads; head diameter; dry biomass of stems, leaves and heads; and achene yield.The different irrigation systems and row spacings markedly influenced the growth of the sunflower cultivars. The highest yield of cultivar Hélio 251 was obtained with the drip irrigation system and 0.55 m spacing. Cultivar Hélio 360 achieved the highest yields when irrigated by the micro-sprinkler system at 0.55 and 0.45 m spacing. In the sprinkler irrigation system, cultivar Hélio 360 obtained the highest yield at 0.45 m spacing.

O crescimento e a produtividade de plantas de girassol podem ser influenciados pelo arranjo populacional de plantas e pelo tipo de sistema de irrigação adotado para suprir as necessidades hídricas da cultura. O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes sistemas de irrigação e espaçamentos entre linhas de plantio no desenvolvimento de cultivares de girassol, para a região do Submédio do Vale do São Francisco. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados dispostos em parcelas subsubdivididas, sendo as parcelas três sistemas de irrigação (gotejamento, microaspersão e aspersão), as subparcelas três espaçamentos entre linhas de plantio (0,65; 0,55; e 0,45 m) e as subsubparcelas duas cultivares de girassol (Hélio 251 e Hélio 360). As variáveis analisadas foram: altura de plantas, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, número de capítulos, diâmetro do capítulo, biomassa seca do caule, folhas e capítulos e produtividade de aquênios. Os diferentes sistemas de irrigação e de espaçamento entrelinhas influenciaram o crescimento das cultivares de girassol de forma singular. A maior produtividade da cultivar Hélio 251 foi obtida quando submetida ao sistema de irrigação por gotejamento e ao espaçamento de 0,55 m. A cultivar Hélio 360 irrigado pelo sistema de microaspersão, alcançou as maiores produtividades, com os espaçamentos 0,55 m e 0,45 m. No sistema de irrigação por aspersão, a cultivar Hélio 360 expressou maior produtividade no espaçamento de 0,45 m.

Sunflower cultivation under different irrigation systems and planting spacings in the sub-middle region of São Francisco Valley / Cultivo do girassol com diferentes sistemas de irrigação e espaçamentos de plantio no Submédio São Francisco

The growth and yield of sunflower plants can be influenced by the plant population arrangement and the type of irrigation system adopted to meet the water requirements of the crop. This study examines the influence of different irrigation systems and spacings between planting rows on the development of sunflower cultivars for the sub-middle region of São Francisco Valley. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement in which the plots consisted of three irrigation systems (drip, micro-sprinkler and sprinkler); sub-plots were represented by three spacings between planting rows (0.65, 0.55 and 0.45 m); and sub-sub-plots corresponded to two sunflower cultivars (Hélio 251 and Hélio 360). The following variables were analyzed: plant height; number of leaves; stem diameter; number of heads; head diameter; dry biomass of stems, leaves and heads; and achene yield.The different irrigation systems and row spacings markedly influenced the growth of the sunflower cultivars. The highest yield of cultivar Hélio 251 was obtained with the drip irrigation system and 0.55 m spacing. Cultivar Hélio 360 achieved the highest yields when irrigated by the micro-sprinkler system at 0.55 and 0.45 m spacing. In the sprinkler irrigation system, cultivar Hélio 360 obtained the highest yield at 0.45 m spacing.(AU)

O crescimento e a produtividade de plantas de girassol podem ser influenciados pelo arranjo populacional de plantas e pelo tipo de sistema de irrigação adotado para suprir as necessidades hídricas da cultura. O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes sistemas de irrigação e espaçamentos entre linhas de plantio no desenvolvimento de cultivares de girassol, para a região do Submédio do Vale do São Francisco. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados dispostos em parcelas subsubdivididas, sendo as parcelas três sistemas de irrigação (gotejamento, microaspersão e aspersão), as subparcelas três espaçamentos entre linhas de plantio (0,65; 0,55; e 0,45 m) e as subsubparcelas duas cultivares de girassol (Hélio 251 e Hélio 360). As variáveis analisadas foram: altura de plantas, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, número de capítulos, diâmetro do capítulo, biomassa seca do caule, folhas e capítulos e produtividade de aquênios. Os diferentes sistemas de irrigação e de espaçamento entrelinhas influenciaram o crescimento das cultivares de girassol de forma singular. A maior produtividade da cultivar Hélio 251 foi obtida quando submetida ao sistema de irrigação por gotejamento e ao espaçamento de 0,55 m. A cultivar Hélio 360 irrigado pelo sistema de microaspersão, alcançou as maiores produtividades, com os espaçamentos 0,55 m e 0,45 m. No sistema de irrigação por aspersão, a cultivar Hélio 360 expressou maior produtividade no espaçamento de 0,45 m.(AU)

Análise clínico-laboratorial de um felino com esporotricose cutânea / Clinical-laboratory analysis of a feline with cutaneous sporotricosis

A esporotricose é uma micose subcutânea piogranulomatosa causada por um fungo saprófito que acomete grande variedade de animais e também os humanos. O diagnóstico baseia-se na anamnese, exame físico e exames complementares tais como citopatológico da secreção, histopatológico da pele acometida e no estudo morfológico macro e microscópico da cultura fúngica. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever os achados laboratoriais de um felino com esporotricose, associando-os com a forma clínica desta enfermidade. Um gato doméstico foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário Universitário Prof. Dr. Ivon Macêdo Tabosa no município de Patos, no estado da Paraíba, em julho de 2019. O paciente apresentava feridas na orelha com presença de secreção, aumento de volume com coloração avermelhada, áreas circulares de alopecia e descamação no membro pélvico esquerdo. Foi solicitado hemograma, bioquímica sérica, citologia e cultura micológica. Não houve alterações no eritrograma e plaquetograma. No leucograma, observou-se leucocitose com desvio a esquerda regenerativo. O exame citopatológico da lesão apresentou estruturas compatíveis com leveduras de Sporothrix spp. no fundo de lâmina e no interior dos leucócitos. No entanto, é sugerido que outros métodos diferenciais de diagnósticos sejam indicados para não excluir a possibilidade da doença.(AU)

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous pyogranulomatous mycosis caused by a fungus that affects a wide variety of animals and humans. Its diagnosis is based on anamnesis, physical examination, and complementary exams such as cytopathology of the secretion, histopathology of the injured skin and the macro and microscopic morphological study of fungal culture. This study aims to describe the laboratory findings of a feline with sporotrichosis, associating them with the clinical form of this disease. A domestic cat was treated at the University Veterinarian Hospital Prof. Dr. Ivon Macêdo Tabosa in the city of Patos, State of Paraíba, in july 2019. The patient had ear wounds with secretion, swelling with reddish color, circular areas of alopecia and flaking in the left pelvic limb. Blood count, serum biochemistry, cytology and mycological culture exams were requested. There were no changes in the erythrogram and platelet chart. In the leukogram, it was observed leukocytosis with a left regenerative deviation. The cytopathological examination of the lesion showed structures compatible with yeasts of Sporothrix spp. At the bottom of the slide and inside the leukocytes. However, it is suggested that other differential methods of diagnosis be indicated in order not to exclude the possibility of the disease.(AU)

Image diagnosis in extensor tendons injuries in the radiocarpal region in horses

Background: Soft tissue injuries are common in sport horses, especially those involving tendons, with few current reportsin the literature on the diagnosis of extensor injuries, especially with regard to ultrasound characteristics, being essential forthe diagnosis of these injuries. The objective of the study is to characterize the clinical signs and the alterations of images,especially ultrasound, in the diagnosis of these lesions of the dorsal radiocarpal region, through case reports of horses seenat the Medical Clinic of Large Animals of the Federal University of Campina Grande (MCLA/UFCG), Patos, PB, Brazil.Cases: The study includes five “vaquejada” competitions horses, of which two were active and the others were awayfrom the sport before the onset of the problem, with injuries to the extensor tendons in the radiocarpal region. Two of theanimals had involvement of the common digital extensor muscle tendon (CDEMT), with acute and chronic tenosynovitis,and three with involvement of the extensor carpi radialis muscle tendon (ECRMT), presenting acute tendonitis, septictenosynovitis and rupture, all of traumatic etiology, except for one whose cause has not been determined. On physical examination, the affected tendon was noticeable in three cases, and two had other injuries associated with the tendons. Bonealteration in the radiographic examination was observed in two cases, however, one of them related to another disease inthe radiocarpal palmar region. Ultrasound images, performed in all cases, showed different characteristics and degrees ofthe involvement of the tendon and its sheath.Discussion: The scarcity of current reports of extensor tendon injuries in horses can...(AU)

Image diagnosis in extensor tendons injuries in the radiocarpal region in horses

Background: Soft tissue injuries are common in sport horses, especially those involving tendons, with few current reportsin the literature on the diagnosis of extensor injuries, especially with regard to ultrasound characteristics, being essential forthe diagnosis of these injuries. The objective of the study is to characterize the clinical signs and the alterations of images,especially ultrasound, in the diagnosis of these lesions of the dorsal radiocarpal region, through case reports of horses seenat the Medical Clinic of Large Animals of the Federal University of Campina Grande (MCLA/UFCG), Patos, PB, Brazil.Cases: The study includes five “vaquejada” competitions horses, of which two were active and the others were awayfrom the sport before the onset of the problem, with injuries to the extensor tendons in the radiocarpal region. Two of theanimals had involvement of the common digital extensor muscle tendon (CDEMT), with acute and chronic tenosynovitis,and three with involvement of the extensor carpi radialis muscle tendon (ECRMT), presenting acute tendonitis, septictenosynovitis and rupture, all of traumatic etiology, except for one whose cause has not been determined. On physical examination, the affected tendon was noticeable in three cases, and two had other injuries associated with the tendons. Bonealteration in the radiographic examination was observed in two cases, however, one of them related to another disease inthe radiocarpal palmar region. Ultrasound images, performed in all cases, showed different characteristics and degrees ofthe involvement of the tendon and its sheath.Discussion: The scarcity of current reports of extensor tendon injuries in horses can...

Intermediate doses of Osmocote® increase initial performance of araçá seedlings / Doses intermediárias de Osmocote® aumentam a performance inicial de mudas de araçá

Araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) is a native fructiferous species, of great economic importance in pharmaceutical and food industry. Therefore, there is a need to produce good quality seedlings capable of meeting market demands. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the environment and the use of slow release fertilizer Osmocote® on the development of araçá seedlings. Araçá seeds were collected in March 2015 and germinated. After approximately 90 days, the seedlings were arranged for the treatments. The treatments consisted of five doses of fertilizer (0; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 e 12.0 g L-1) and two environments, greenhouse and shade house (50%) in factorial scheme 5 x 2. At 210 days, we evaluated the height of seedlings (cm); collar diameter diameter (mm); dry weight of shoot and root (g) and chlorophyll index (SPAD). There was interaction of the factors for most of the variables, with the exception of the chlorophyll index. The intermediate dose of the fertilizer implicated in the best performance of growth of seedlings in almost all the occasions, as well as the shaded environment. For araçá seedlings, the use of 6 mg L-1 of fertilizer and a shade house environment are recommended for its better development.

O araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) é uma espécie frutífera nativa que possui importância econômica na indústria alimentícia e farmacêutica. Diante disto, há necessidade de produzir mudas de qualidade capazes de atender às demandas de mercado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do ambiente de crescimento e o uso do adubo de lenta liberação Osmocote® no desenvolvimento de mudas de araçá. Sementes de araçá foram coletadas em março de 2015 e germinadas. Depois de cerca de 90 dias, as mudas foram dispostas segundo os tratamentos que receberam. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses de adubo (0; 3,0; 6,0; 9,0 e 12,0 g L-1) combinados com dois ambientes de viveiro (casa de vegetação e sombrite 50%) em esquema fatorial 5 x 2. Aos 210 dias avaliou-se altura de mudas (cm), diâmetro de colo (mm); peso seco de parte aérea e raiz (g) e índice de clorofila (SPAD). Houve interação dos fatores para a maioria das variáveis, com exceção do índice de clorofila. A dose intermediária do adubo implicou na melhor performance de crescimento de mudas em quase todas as ocasiões, assim como o ambiente sombreado. Para mudas de araçá, recomenda-se o uso de 6 mg L-1 de adubo e o uso de telado de sombrite para seu crescimento.

Doses intermediárias de Osmocote® aumentam a performance inicial de mudas de araçá / Intermediate doses of Osmocote® increase initial performance of araçá seedlings

O araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) é uma espécie frutífera nativa que possui importância econômica na indústria alimentícia e farmacêutica. Diante disto, há necessidade de produzir mudas de qualidade capazes de atender às demandas de mercado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do ambiente de crescimento e o uso do adubo de lenta liberação Osmocote® no desenvolvimento de mudas de araçá. Sementes de araçá foram coletadas em março de 2015 e germinadas. Depois de cerca de 90 dias, as mudas foram dispostas segundo os tratamentos que receberam. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses de adubo (0; 3,0; 6,0; 9,0 e 12,0 g L-1) combinados com dois ambientes de viveiro (casa de vegetação e sombrite 50%) em esquema fatorial 5 x 2. Aos 210 dias avaliou-se altura de mudas (cm), diâmetro de colo (mm); peso seco de parte aérea e raiz (g) e índice de clorofila (SPAD). Houve interação dos fatores para a maioria das variáveis, com exceção do índice de clorofila. A dose intermediária do adubo implicou na melhor performance de crescimento de mudas em quase todas as ocasiões, assim como o ambiente sombreado. Para mudas de araçá, recomenda-se o uso de 6 mg L-1 de adubo e o uso de telado de sombrite para seu crescimento.

Araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) is a native fructiferous species, of great economic importance in pharmaceutical and food industry. Therefore, there is a need to produce good quality seedlings capable of meeting market demands. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the environment and the use of slow release fertilizer Osmocote® on the development of araçá seedlings. Araçá seeds were collected in March 2015 and germinated. After approximately 90 days, the seedlings were arranged for the treatments. The treatments consisted of five doses of fertilizer (0; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 e 12.0 g L-1) and two environments, greenhouse and shade house (50%) in factorial scheme 5 x 2. At 210 days, we evaluated the height of seedlings (cm); collar diameter diameter (mm); dry weight of shoot and root (g) and chlorophyll index (SPAD). There was interaction of the factors for most of the variables, with the exception of the chlorophyll index. The intermediate dose of the fertilizer implicated in the best performance of growth of seedlings in almost all the occasions, as well as the shaded environment. For araçá seedlings, the use of 6 mg L-1 of fertilizer and a shade house environment are recommended for its better development.

Doses intermediárias de Osmocote® aumentam a performance inicial de mudas de araçá / Intermediate doses of Osmocote® increase initial performance of araçá seedlings

O araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) é uma espécie frutífera nativa que possui importância econômica na indústria alimentícia e farmacêutica. Diante disto, há necessidade de produzir mudas de qualidade capazes de atender às demandas de mercado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do ambiente de crescimento e o uso do adubo de lenta liberação Osmocote® no desenvolvimento de mudas de araçá. Sementes de araçá foram coletadas em março de 2015 e germinadas. Depois de cerca de 90 dias, as mudas foram dispostas segundo os tratamentos que receberam. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses de adubo (0; 3,0; 6,0; 9,0 e 12,0 g L-1) combinados com dois ambientes de viveiro (casa de vegetação e sombrite 50%) em esquema fatorial 5 x 2. Aos 210 dias avaliou-se altura de mudas (cm), diâmetro de colo (mm); peso seco de parte aérea e raiz (g) e índice de clorofila (SPAD). Houve interação dos fatores para a maioria das variáveis, com exceção do índice de clorofila. A dose intermediária do adubo implicou na melhor performance de crescimento de mudas em quase todas as ocasiões, assim como o ambiente sombreado. Para mudas de araçá, recomenda-se o uso de 6 mg L-1 de adubo e o uso de telado de sombrite para seu crescimento.(AU)

Araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) is a native fructiferous species, of great economic importance in pharmaceutical and food industry. Therefore, there is a need to produce good quality seedlings capable of meeting market demands. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the environment and the use of slow release fertilizer Osmocote® on the development of araçá seedlings. Araçá seeds were collected in March 2015 and germinated. After approximately 90 days, the seedlings were arranged for the treatments. The treatments consisted of five doses of fertilizer (0; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 e 12.0 g L-1) and two environments, greenhouse and shade house (50%) in factorial scheme 5 x 2. At 210 days, we evaluated the height of seedlings (cm); collar diameter diameter (mm); dry weight of shoot and root (g) and chlorophyll index (SPAD). There was interaction of the factors for most of the variables, with the exception of the chlorophyll index. The intermediate dose of the fertilizer implicated in the best performance of growth of seedlings in almost all the occasions, as well as the shaded environment. For araçá seedlings, the use of 6 mg L-1 of fertilizer and a shade house environment are recommended for its better development.(AU)

Comparison between the macroscopic analysis during the inspection in bovine slaughterhouse and the microscopic examination to detect pathological processes / Comparação entre a análise macroscópica realizada durante a inspeção em abatedouro bovino e o exame microscópico na detecção de processos patológicos

This study aimed at comparing the result of macroscopic analysis performed by the Federal Inspection Service during the post-mortem examination and the evalation of the microscopic characteristics of lesions indicative of diseases in the condemned organs and viscera in an industrial slaughterhouse in the city of Castanhal, Pará-Brazil. Samples of diverse organs and viscera condemned by Federal Inspection Service during the post-mortem investigation were collected in a slaughterhouse located in the city of Castanhal-Pará. These samples were sent to the Pathology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal University of Pará Campus Castanhal, where the histopathological analysis was performed. During the four-month period, 30,223 cattle slaughter were followed, and of these 12.467 organs and viscera were condemned. Among the condemned samples, 26 were collected for conducting the study. This investigation showed that the macroscopic diagnosis performed by the inspection agents were consistent with the microscopy analysis findings in 20 (76.9 %) of 26 evaluated samples. In this context, the sanitary condemnation criteria adopted by the inspection agents were very similar to the histopathological diagnosis results found in this study.(AU)

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo comparar o resultado da análise macroscópica realizada pelo Serviço de Inspeção Federal durante o exame post-mortem com a avaliação das características microscópicas de lesões indicativas de doenças em órgãos e vísceras condenados, em um matadouro-frigorífico do município de Castanhal, Pará. Amostras de diferentes órgãos e vísceras condenados pelo Serviço de Inspeção durante a análise post mortem foram coletadas em um matadouro-frigorífico e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Pará Campus Castanhal, para realizar a análise histopatológica. Durante o período de quatro meses foram acompanhados 30.223 abates bovinos, que resultaram em 12.467 órgãos e vísceras condenados, dos quais foram coletadas 26 amostras para o presente trabalho. Este estudo demonstrou que o diagnóstico macroscópico realizado pelos agentes de inspeção foi compatível com a análise microscópica em 20 (76,9 %) das 26 amostras analisadas. Neste contexto, os critérios de condenação sanitária adotados pelos agentes de inspeção foram muito semelhantes aos resultados de diagnósticos histopatológicos encontrados neste trabalho.(AU)

Víbrios en el agua y en las gambas del mar (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931) cultivado en Pernambuco / Vibrio spp. ISOLATED FROM SHRIMPS AND WATER FROM A MARINE FARM IN PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL / Vibrio spp. ISOLADOS DE CAMARÃO E ÁGUA DE CULTIVO DE FAZENDA MARINHA EM PERNAMBUCO

El agua y muestras de la gamba eran la publicación mensual reunido, durante todas las fases del cultivo, en tres granjas localizadas a la costa de Pernambuco, en invierno y verano, para la cuantificación e identificación el de Vibrio spp.. El contando fueron puestos en correlación, a través de los modelos matemáticos (P

Water and shrimp samples were collected monthly, during all cultivation phases, in three located farms at Pernambuco coast, on winter and summer, for Vibrio spp. quantification and identification. The countings were correlated, through mathematical models (P

Coletaram-se, mensalmente, amostras de água e camarão, durante todas as fases de cultivo, em três fazendas situadas no litoral de Pernambuco, no período de estio e chuvoso, para a quantificação e identificação de Vibrio spp., totalizando noventa amostras. As contagens foram correlacionadas, através de modelos matemáticos (P

Intermediate doses of Osmocote® increase initial performance of araçá seedlings / Doses intermediárias de Osmocote® aumentam a performance inicial de mudas de araçá

Araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) is a native fructiferous species, of great economic importance in pharmaceutical and food industry. Therefore, there is a need to produce good quality seedlings capable of meeting market demands. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the environment and the use of slow release fertilizer Osmocote® on the development of araçá seedlings. Araçá seeds were collected in March 2015 and germinated. After approximately 90 days, the seedlings were arranged for the treatments. The treatments consisted of five doses of fertilizer (0; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 e 12.0 g L-1) and two environments, greenhouse and shade house (50%) in factorial scheme 5 x 2. At 210 days, we evaluated the height of seedlings (cm); collar diameter diameter (mm); dry weight of shoot and root (g) and chlorophyll index (SPAD). There was interaction of the factors for most of the variables, with the exception of the chlorophyll index. The intermediate dose of the fertilizer implicated in the best performance of growth of seedlings in almost all the occasions, as well as the shaded environment. For araçá seedlings, the use of 6 mg L-1 of fertilizer and a shade house environment are recommended for its better development.

O araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) é uma espécie frutífera nativa que possui importância econômica na indústria alimentícia e farmacêutica. Diante disto, há necessidade de produzir mudas de qualidade capazes de atender às demandas de mercado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do ambiente de crescimento e o uso do adubo de lenta liberação Osmocote® no desenvolvimento de mudas de araçá. Sementes de araçá foram coletadas em março de 2015 e germinadas. Depois de cerca de 90 dias, as mudas foram dispostas segundo os tratamentos que receberam. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses de adubo (0; 3,0; 6,0; 9,0 e 12,0 g L-1) combinados com dois ambientes de viveiro (casa de vegetação e sombrite 50%) em esquema fatorial 5 x 2. Aos 210 dias avaliou-se altura de mudas (cm), diâmetro de colo (mm); peso seco de parte aérea e raiz (g) e índice de clorofila (SPAD). Houve interação dos fatores para a maioria das variáveis, com exceção do índice de clorofila. A dose intermediária do adubo implicou na melhor performance de crescimento de mudas em quase todas as ocasiões, assim como o ambiente sombreado. Para mudas de araçá, recomenda-se o uso de 6 mg L-1 de adubo e o uso de telado de sombrite para seu crescimento.

Víbrios en el agua y en las gambas del mar (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931) cultivado en Pernambuco / Vibrio spp. ISOLATED FROM SHRIMPS AND WATER FROM A MARINE FARM IN PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL / Vibrio spp. ISOLADOS DE CAMARÃO E ÁGUA DE CULTIVO DE FAZENDA MARINHA EM PERNAMBUCO

El agua y muestras de la gamba eran la publicación mensual reunido, durante todas las fases del cultivo, en tres granjas localizadas a la costa de Pernambuco, en invierno y verano, para la cuantificación e identificación el de Vibrio spp.. El contando fueron puestos en correlación, a través de los modelos matemáticos (P

Water and shrimp samples were collected monthly, during all cultivation phases, in three located farms at Pernambuco coast, on winter and summer, for Vibrio spp. quantification and identification. The countings were correlated, through mathematical models (P

Coletaram-se, mensalmente, amostras de água e camarão, durante todas as fases de cultivo, em três fazendas situadas no litoral de Pernambuco, no período de estio e chuvoso, para a quantificação e identificação de Vibrio spp., totalizando noventa amostras. As contagens foram correlacionadas, através de modelos matemáticos (P