Recurrent mass selection for upright plant architecture in common bean

Plant with a more upright architecture offers many advantages to farmers. Recurrent mass selection (RS) programs for carioca type common bean have been implemented for the purpose of obtaining new lines that will generate the high yields that are associated with upright plant archi tecture. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of recurrent mass selection (RS) for upright plant architecture in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the effect of RS on grain yield and to verify whether or not there is still variability in the population that favors continuing selection programs, using information obtained from progenies evaluated in cycle five (CV) and cycle eight (CVIII) of the RS program. Mass selection for more upright plants was performed visually in the "S0" generation before flowering. Progenies S and Swere evaluated in 2009 (CV) and 2011 (CVIII). Heritability (h²;) and RS progress were estimated using adjusted means. After eight selection cycles, the population subjected to RS still had enough genetic variability to achieve continued success through recurrent selection. The RS progress was 1.62 % per cycle for the growth habit scores and 6.81 % for grain yiel.

Recurrent mass selection for upright plant architecture in common bean

Plant with a more upright architecture offers many advantages to farmers. Recurrent mass selection (RS) programs for carioca type common bean have been implemented for the purpose of obtaining new lines that will generate the high yields that are associated with upright plant archi tecture. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of recurrent mass selection (RS) for upright plant architecture in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the effect of RS on grain yield and to verify whether or not there is still variability in the population that favors continuing selection programs, using information obtained from progenies evaluated in cycle five (CV) and cycle eight (CVIII) of the RS program. Mass selection for more upright plants was performed visually in the "S0" generation before flowering. Progenies S and Swere evaluated in 2009 (CV) and 2011 (CVIII). Heritability (h²;) and RS progress were estimated using adjusted means. After eight selection cycles, the population subjected to RS still had enough genetic variability to achieve continued success through recurrent selection. The RS progress was 1.62 % per cycle for the growth habit scores and 6.81 % for grain yiel.(AU)

Genetic divergence among soybean cultivars in irrigated lowland in the State of Tocantins

In order to evaluate the genetic divergence among soybean cultivars, an assay was carried out at Formoso do Araguaia, TO, Brazil, in off-season of 2007, in irrigated lowland conditions. The experimental design were randomized blocks with 12 treatments and three replications. Genetic divergence was evaluated by multivariate procedures: Mahalanobis distance, Tocher clustering method's and nearest neighbor method. It was observed the formation of two distinct groups by the dendrogram of genetic dissimilarity, which were identical to those groups formed by Tocher's method. The Tocher optimization method and the nearest neighbor agreed among themselves. The traits number of days to maturity, plant height and weight of 100 seed were the ones that most contributed for genetic dissimilarity. The presence of genetic variability allowed the identification of dissimilar cultivars with high average for the evaluated traits. The hybridations 'DOKO' x 'CONQUEST' and 'DOKO' x 'FT-2000' are promising to obtain segregating populations with high variability

Com objetivo de avaliar a divergência genética entre cultivares de soja, foi realizado o ensaio, no município de Formoso do Araguaia, na entressafra de 2007, em condições de várzea irrigada. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com 12 tratamentos e três repetições. A divergência genética foi avaliada por procedimentos multivariados: distância generalizada de Mahalanobis, método de agrupamento de Tocher e método vizinho mais próximo. Foi observada a formação de dois grupos distintos pelo dendrograma de dissimilaridade genética, que foi idêntico aos grupos formados pelo método de Tocher. As características número de dias para maturação, altura de plantas e peso de 100 sementes foram as que mais contribuíram na dissimilaridade genética. A presença de variabilidade genética permitiu a identificação de cultivares dissimilares e com média elevada nas características estudadas. As hibridações 'DOKO' x 'CONQUISTA' e 'DOKO' x 'FT-2000' são promissoras para obtenção de populações segregantes com alta variabilidade.

Genetic divergence among soybean cultivars in irrigated lowland in the State of Tocantins

In order to evaluate the genetic divergence among soybean cultivars, an assay was carried out at Formoso do Araguaia, TO, Brazil, in off-season of 2007, in irrigated lowland conditions. The experimental design were randomized blocks with 12 treatments and three replications. Genetic divergence was evaluated by multivariate procedures: Mahalanobis distance, Tocher clustering method's and nearest neighbor method. It was observed the formation of two distinct groups by the dendrogram of genetic dissimilarity, which were identical to those groups formed by Tocher's method. The Tocher optimization method and the nearest neighbor agreed among themselves. The traits number of days to maturity, plant height and weight of 100 seed were the ones that most contributed for genetic dissimilarity. The presence of genetic variability allowed the identification of dissimilar cultivars with high average for the evaluated traits. The hybridations 'DOKO' x 'CONQUEST' and 'DOKO' x 'FT-2000' are promising to obtain segregating populations with high variability

Com objetivo de avaliar a divergência genética entre cultivares de soja, foi realizado o ensaio, no município de Formoso do Araguaia, na entressafra de 2007, em condições de várzea irrigada. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com 12 tratamentos e três repetições. A divergência genética foi avaliada por procedimentos multivariados: distância generalizada de Mahalanobis, método de agrupamento de Tocher e método vizinho mais próximo. Foi observada a formação de dois grupos distintos pelo dendrograma de dissimilaridade genética, que foi idêntico aos grupos formados pelo método de Tocher. As características número de dias para maturação, altura de plantas e peso de 100 sementes foram as que mais contribuíram na dissimilaridade genética. A presença de variabilidade genética permitiu a identificação de cultivares dissimilares e com média elevada nas características estudadas. As hibridações 'DOKO' x 'CONQUISTA' e 'DOKO' x 'FT-2000' são promissoras para obtenção de populações segregantes com alta variabilidade.

Organic fertilizer in the line sowing in maize growth and yield / Adubação orgânica na linha de semeadura no desenvolvimento e produtividade do milho

The combined use of chemical fertilizers and organic materials have been recommended as alternative management, enabling the maintenance of high yields and stability. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of levels of manure applied in the row, with and without nitrogen application, in maize development and yield. The experiment was installed in Gurupi - TO, on March 6, 2009. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 8x2, where were used seven levels of manure (0.0; 10.0; 20.0; 30.0; 40.0; 50.0 and 60.0 t ha-1) and one treatment with chemical fertilizer and the second factor were two levels of nitrogen after planting. Were evaluating plants height weekly, from 15 to 57 days after emergency. Was evaluated final plant height, green matter and grain yield. Highest levels of manure led to significant increases in the evaluated characteristics. Nitrogen fertilization after planting promoted increase in grown rate, green mass and final plant height, even with the addition of organic manure. The manure application of 50 t ha-1 without of nitrogen after planting showed equivalent productivity to chemical fertilizer, however, with application of nitrogen after planting in the equivalent manure level was 45.4 t ha-1. When not applied nitrogen after planting, the chemical fertilizer produced grains and green mass equivalent to the highest manure levels, but ap

O uso combinado de fertilizantes químicos e materiais orgânicos têm sido recomendados como manejo alternativo, possibilitando a manutenção de altas produtividades com estabilidade de produção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes doses de esterco bovino aplicados na linha de semeadura, com e sem aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura, no desenvolvimento e produtividade do milho. O experimento foi instalado no Campus experimental da UFT em Gurupi - TO, no dia seis de março de 2009. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 8x2, utilizando-se sete doses de esterco (0,0; 10,0; 20,0; 30,0; 40,0; 50,0 e 60,0 t ha-1) e um tratamento químico testemunha e, como segundo fator duas doses de nitrogênio em cobertura. Foram realizadas avaliações semanais de altura de plantas dos 15 aos 57 dias após a emergência. Foram avaliadas altura de plantas final, massa verde e produtividade de grãos. As maiores doses de esterco promovem aumentos significativos nas características avaliadas. O nitrogênio em cobertura promoveu aumentos nas taxas de crescimento de plantas, na produção de massa verde e altura final de plantas, mesmo com adição de adubação orgânica. A aplicação de 50 t ha-1 de esterco sem aplicação de cobertura resultou em produtividade equivalente à adubação química, enquanto com aplicação de N em cobertura a dose de esterco equiva