Antifeeding and short-term insecticidal effects against Lutzomya longipalpis in dogs treated with permethrin or deltamethrin / Efeitos não alimentação e inseticida em curto prazo sobre Lutzomyia longipalpis em cães tratados com permetrina ou deltametrina

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies of the genus Lutzomyia in the New World and Phlebotomus in the Old World. The individual protection of dogs by treatment with permethrin 65% or by a 4% deltamethrin-impregnated collar is evaluated in this study based on the antifeeding of the products and the short term insecticidal  antifeeding effects in the following sites on the dogs body: the inner side of the ear and the inguinal region. Both products produced a decrease in blood feeding and an increase in the antifeeding of the sandflies and the effects were not homogeneous, as there were significant differences between the effects on the pinna and on the inguinal region. The treatments of dogs with synthetic pyrethroids are important strategies to reduce the infection rates in endemic regions however the antifeeding and antifeeding effects were low and may not be sufficient to ensure a dogs individual protection. 

Leishmaniose visceral canina é uma zoonose causada por parasitos do gênero Leishmania e transmitida por flebótomos do gênero Lutzomyia no Novo Mundo e Phlebotomus no Velho Mundo. A proteção individual do cão através do tratamento com produtos contendo permetrina 65% ou com a coleira impregnada com deltametrina 4% é avaliada no presente estudo, baseado nos efeitos de não alimetação e inseticida imediatos no pavilhão auditivo direito e região inguinal direita. Ambos os produtos demonstraram redução no ingurgitamento das fêmeas e aumento da mortalidade, mas o efeito não foi homogêneo, uma vez que foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos efeitos nas diferentes regiões. O tratamento dos cães com piretroides é uma importante estratégia para redução das taxas de infecção em regiões endêmicas, no entanto, os efeitos mortalidade e repelência foram baixos e podem não ser suficientes para a proteção individual do cão.(AU)

Diagnosis of canine demodicosis: comparative study between hair plucking and adhesive tape tests

Demodicosis is a common parasitary dermatopathy in dogs, resulting from excessive proliferation of Demodex canis mite, a natural inhabitant of dog´s skin. Definitive diagnosis is classically established through microscopic examination of deep skin scrapings obtained from affected areas, in which numerous adult mites and/or immature forms are observed. Although considered as the golden pattern for the disease diagnosis, this technique is difficult to be performed in some parts of the body, as face, eyelids and interdigital areas, besides causing pain in the dog and discomfort to the owner. Two less invasive diagnostic methods, the hair plucking and the adhesive tape test are described. Although these methods are well known, only few studies about their sensitivity were found in the literature. In the present study, tests were conducted on 40 dogs previously diagnosed with demodicosis through deep skin scrapings. At adhesive tape test, 30 of 40 samples were positive, evidencing 75% of sensivity, while at hair plucking, mites were observed in 29 samples, leading to a sensivity of 73%. These results do not differ statistically and suggest that adhesive tape test and hair plucking tests can be used on clinical routine as first choice primary tests for canine demodicosis as they offer more comfort to animal and its owner. Interestingly, the presence of pyoderma raised the sensibility

Diagnosis of canine demodicosis: comparative study between hair plucking and adhesive tape tests

Demodicosis is a common parasitary dermatopathy in dogs, resulting from excessive proliferation of Demodex canis mite, a natural inhabitant of dog´s skin. Definitive diagnosis is classically established through microscopic examination of deep skin scrapings obtained from affected areas, in which numerous adult mites and/or immature forms are observed. Although considered as the golden pattern for the disease diagnosis, this technique is difficult to be performed in some parts of the body, as face, eyelids and interdigital areas, besides causing pain in the dog and discomfort to the owner. Two less invasive diagnostic methods, the hair plucking and the adhesive tape test are described. Although these methods are well known, only few studies about their sensitivity were found in the literature. In the present study, tests were conducted on 40 dogs previously diagnosed with demodicosis through deep skin scrapings. At adhesive tape test, 30 of 40 samples were positive, evidencing 75% of sensivity, while at hair plucking, mites were observed in 29 samples, leading to a sensivity of 73%. These results do not differ statistically and suggest that adhesive tape test and hair plucking tests can be used on clinical routine as first choice primary tests for canine demodicosis as they offer more comfort to animal and its owner. Interestingly, the presence of pyoderma raised the sensibility