Efficacy and Optimal Feeding Level of Rumex Nervosus Leaves on Blood Biochemistry, Carcass Characteristics, Productivity Indices, and Anticoccidial Indicators of Broiler Chickens Infected or Not Infected with Eimeria Tenella

O presente estudo investigou a eficácia e o nível ideal de alimentação de folhas de Rumex nervosus (RNL) em frangos de corte infectados e não infectados com Eimeria tenella . Em um planejamento fatorial de 2 (desafio coccidiano ou não) 5 (tratamentos alimentares), pintos de corte de 250 dias de idade foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em um dos dez grupos e criados por 28 dias. Foram investigadas medidas intestinais, características de carcaça, índices bioquímicos séricos, leucogramas, desempenho e indicadores anticoccidianos. Todos os parâmetros selecionados não foram significativos ( p>0,05) alterado pelas interações entre dieta experimental e desafio aos 7 dias pós-infecção, com exceção dos níveis séricos de albumina e globulina, bem como do índice anticoccidiano. Os frangos infectados apresentaram menor indicador de desempenho, menor eficiência de produção, baixos índices anticoccidianos, moela mais pesada, intestino delgado mais longo e mais pesado, ceco mais curto e maior proporção de eosinófilos em comparação com frangos não infectados. O RNL apresentou eficácia anticoccidiana marcante na dose de 5 g. O presente estudo descobriu que o pó da folha de Rumex nervosus apresentou eficácia preventiva anticoccidiana de leve a acentuada, dependente da dose, em frangos de corte. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para compreender completamente os mecanismos anticoccidianos.(AU)

In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy Assessment of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Verum) Bark against Selected Microbes

To combat pathogens and reduce the major public health problem of antibiotic residues in animal products, scientists are looking for natural antibiotic substitutes that are effective against drug-resistant pathogenic microbes and spoilage fungi. The antimicrobial activity of three Cinnamomum verum extracts prepared with three different solvents (absolute ethanol, 50% ethanol, and aqueous extracts) was determined against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli) as well as two fungal strains. The antimicrobial activities of various Cinnamomum verum extracts against selected microbes were evaluated using the disc diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC), and the poisoned food technique. Cinnamomum verum bark (CVB) extracts inhibited and killed microbial growth to varying degrees. Our findings also revealed that extracts prepared with alcoholic solvents, particularly absolute ethanol-CVB extract, were more active compared with aqueous solvents, suggesting that the cinnamon plant is a promising natural antimicrobial agent for food preservation.(AU)

Effect of stocking density on the performance and immunity of 1- to 14-d- old broiler chicks / 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0289

The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of stocking density (SD) on the performance and immunity of 1- to 14-d-old broilers. A total of 1836 one-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were housed at four different SD (30, 60, 90 and 120 chicks/m2). Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were estimated on d 2, 5, 8, 11 and 14. Relative lymphoid organ weights, maternal antibody titers against IBV, IBD and NDV, and stress indicators were estimated on d 3, 6, 9 and 12.The results indicated that age significantly (p 0.001) affected the performance and immunity of broiler chicks. Stocking density significantly (p 0.001) affected the performance and physiological stress indicators of broiler chicks, but not maternal immunity, relative lymphoid organ weights, or blood glucose levels. A significant interaction between age and density was determined for BWG, FI and FCR, and maternal antibody titers against IBD and NDV. The results also indicated that the effects of SD were age-dependent: as SD increased, worse performance, lighter lymphoid organs, and stronger stress responses were observed as broilers aged. It is concluded that the higher the SD during the first two weeks of life, the worse is the performance as broilers age.

Effect of stocking density on the performance and immunity of 1- to 14-d- old broiler chicks / 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0289

The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of stocking density (SD) on the performance and immunity of 1- to 14-d-old broilers. A total of 1836 one-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were housed at four different SD (30, 60, 90 and 120 chicks/m2). Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were estimated on d 2, 5, 8, 11 and 14. Relative lymphoid organ weights, maternal antibody titers against IBV, IBD and NDV, and stress indicators were estimated on d 3, 6, 9 and 12.The results indicated that age significantly (p 0.001) affected the performance and immunity of broiler chicks. Stocking density significantly (p 0.001) affected the performance and physiological stress indicators of broiler chicks, but not maternal immunity, relative lymphoid organ weights, or blood glucose levels. A significant interaction between age and density was determined for BWG, FI and FCR, and maternal antibody titers against IBD and NDV. The results also indicated that the effects of SD were age-dependent: as SD increased, worse performance, lighter lymphoid organs, and stronger stress responses were observed as broilers aged. It is concluded that the higher the SD during the first two weeks of life, the worse is the performance as broilers age.(AU)