EVALUATION OF THE VITALITY OF NELORE CALVES BORN OF NORMAL OR DYSTOCIC PARTURITIONS/Avaliação da vitalidade de bezerros nelores nascidos de partos normais ou distócicos

A adaptação à vida extra-uterina é um período crítico para o recém-nascido. Inúmeras alterações ocorrem em diferentes sistemas e órgãos, incluindo a função respiratória e o equilíbrio ácido-básico. Os neonatos podem morrer devido à hipóxia ou traumas sofridos durante a parturição. Visando avaliar a influência do tipo parturição (normal ou distócico) em relação ao escore Apgar de vitalidade neonatal e aos valores de hemogasometria de bezerros nascidos de partos eutócicos ou distócicos, foram utilizados 30 bezerros da raça Nelore, sendo 18 animais nascidos de partos eutócicos e 12 de partos laboriosos. As amostras sanguíneas foram colhidas por venopunção jugular, imediatamente após o nascimento e às 24 horas de vida. O pH, a pressão parcial de oxigênio (pO2), a pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (pCO2), o dióxido de carbono total (TCO2), a concentração de bicarbonato (HCO3-), o excesso de bases (BE), e a

Utilização do detector de metais para a determinação da prevalência de corpos estranhos metálicos em bovinos de raças leiteiras na região de araçatuba-brasil

Com os objetivos de determinar a prevalência de corpos estranhos metálicos nos animais de rebanhos da região de Araçatuba-Brasil, verificar a presença de animais com reticuloperitonite traumática nestes rebanhos e correlacionar a presença de sinais clínicos de reticuloperitonite traumática à positividade quando da avaliação pelo detector de metais, foram pesquisados 138 animais adultos, sendo 48 animais na propriedade 1, sendo 24 animais positivos à passagem do detector de metais, 32 animais na propriedade 2, nenhum positivo, 28 animais na propriedade 3 sendo 3 positivos e 30 animais na propriedade 4 sendo 7 animais positivos. Sangue de 11animais foram colhidos para a realização de hemograma, porém nenhum deles apresentou alteração. Podemos concluir que a utilização do detector de metais como auxiliar de diagnóstico é de fundamental importância, pois permite um diagnóstico mais precoce o que diminui os gastos e melhora a chance de sucesso no tratamento e que propriedades melhores manejadas tem menor incidência de ingestão de corpos estranhos metálicos e portanto menor probabilidade da ocorrência da doença.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bovinos. Reticuloperitonite. Reticulopericardite. Corpo estranho.

Response activity of alveolar macrophages in pulmonary dysfunction caused by Leptospira infection

Leptopspirosis is a syndrome with different clinical manifestations including the most severe and often fatal forms of pulmonary disease of unknown etiology. Pulmonary injury during the inflammatory process has been associated with the excessive number of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated in the lungs and with the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates and other inflammatory mediators. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the cellular immune response of AMs or inflammatory cells of hamsters during leptospirosis. The activity of AMs was determined by measuring nitric oxide (NO) and protein production as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Pulmonary activity during infection was monitored by measuring pH, pressure of oxygen (PaO2), and pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in blood samples. Cellular immune response and its role in the genesis of leptospirosis have been incriminated as the main causes of tissue and pulmonary injuries, which consequently lead to the pulmonary dysfunction in severe cases of leptospirosis. The present results show a low production of NO in both supernatant of alveolar macrophage culture and BAL. In the latter, protein production was high and constant, especially during acute infection. Total and differential cell count values were 2.5X10(6) on day 4; 7.3X10(6) on day 21; and 2.3X10(6) on day 28 after infection, with lymphocytes (84.04%) predominating over neutrophils (11.88%) and monocytes (4.07%). Arterial blood gas analysis showed pulmonary compromising along with the infectious process, as observed in parameter values (mean±SD) evidenced in the infected versus control group: PaO2 (60.47mmHg±8.7 vs. 90.09mmHg±9.18), PaCO2 (57.01mmHg±7.87 vs. 47.39mmHg±4.5) and pH (7.39±0.03 vs. 6.8±1.3). Results indicated that Leptospira infection in hamsters is a good experimental model to study leptospirosis. However, some of the immune parameters showed variations which might be associated with the animal species.

USE OF HEMOGLOBIN AS AN ADJUVANT DURING EXPERIMENTAL INTRAPERITONEAL INFECTION WITH Escherichia coli AND/OR Bacteroides fragilis IN HORSES / UTILIZAÇÃO DA HEMOGLOBINA COMO ADJUVANTE DURANTE INFECÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL EM EQÜINOS, VIA INTRAPERITONERAL, COM Escherichia coli E/OU Bacteroides fragilis

The goals of this study were to evaluate if hemoglobin played a role as adjuvant in experimental peritonitis in horses and could cause clinical and haematological alterations that could be used for diagnosis and prognosis of cases of peritonitis. Fifteen adult horses were randomly divided into 5 equal groups, which were injected intraperitoneally with the following suspension: GI: 1x109 colony-forming units (CFU) of E. coli diluted in 500 mL of 0.9% saline solution plus 5 g of hemoglobin; GII: 1x109 CFU of B. fragilis diluted in 500 mL of 0.9% saline plus 5 g of hemoglobin; GIII: 1x109 CFU of E. coli in combination with 1x109  CFU of B. fragilis diluted in 500 ml of 0.9% of saline plus 5 g of hemoglobin; GIV: 500 mL of 0.9% saline plus 5 g of hemoglobin and GV: 500 mL of 0.9% saline. Leukopenia with neutropenia was observed in GI and GIII  and a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen concentration occurred in horses of GI. There was a significant increase in total nucleated cell count in peritoneal fluid in horses of GI, GII, GIII and GIV. Fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, abdominal wall sensibility and tension, diarrhoea, colic, and decreased borborygmi sounds were the most frequent clinical signs observed in horses of GI, GII, GIII and GIV. In conclusion, hemoglobin was able to cause chemical peritonitis in horses, it had an adjuvant effect when associated t

Hydrallantois in an ewe (case report) / Hidroalantóide em uma ovelha. relato de caso

A 4-year-old Suffolk ewe in the last trimester of gestation was referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital with history of an acute, progressive, bilateral abdominal distention. After 10 days of hospitalization, the animal underwent a cesarean section in the paramammary region that revealed a grossly distended, thin-walled, fluid-filled uterus with 18 liters of allantoic fluid and 2 lambs. Two days after surgery, the ewe was alert, able to stand and had normal appetite. Abdominal distention did not recur after surgery and neither retention of fetal membranes nor septic metritis signs were observed. Ten days after surgery the animal was discharged to the farm. Rebreeding was discouraged in this case. KEY WORDS: Hydrallantois. Ewe.

Uma ovelha da raça Suffolk, 4 anos de idade, no terceiro trimestre de gestação foi encaminhada ao Hospital Veterinário com história primária de distensão abdominal bilateral aguda e progressiva. Após 10 dias de internação, o animal foi submetido a uma cesariana na região paramamária que revelou útero distendido com paredes finas e preenchido com 18 litros de líquido alantóico e presença de 2 cordeiros. Dois dias após a cirurgia, a ovelha estava alerta, era capaz de se levantar e tinha apetite normal. A distensão abdominal não retornou após a cirurgia nem retenção de placenta ou sinais de metrite foram observados. Dez dias após a cirurgia o animal retornou para a fazenda. Nova cobertura foi desencorajada neste caso.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hidroalantóide. Ovelha

Cytokine and antibody production during murine leptospirosis

The aim of the present study was to investigate the kinetics of humoral and cellular responses during leptospirosis. We observed that the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was associated with antibody production and bacterial recovery, and the compromising of both TNF-alpha and IL-6 in the immunopathogenesis of leptospirosis during an experimental infection of BALB/c mice inoculated with Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola was verified. Results showed higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in the initial phase of infection, in which the greatest bacterial clearance was observed. However, when the bacterial recovery was compared with the kinetics of the production of antibodies, the results revealed a kinetics proportionally inverted to antibody production. This fact may be related to some inhibitory factor which could be responsible for the selective suppression of the cellular immune response. We concluded that during leptospirosis there was a greater mobilization of the cellular immune response activity, mainly in the initial phase of the infectious process, for posterior involvement of the humoral response, and that both TNF-alpha and IL-6 could be associated with the immunopathogenesis of the disease.

Comparison of proteinogram and gama glutamil transferase activity in serum from calves and kids after intake of colostrum / Comparação do proteinograma e da atividade da gamaglutamiltransferase no soro sangüíneo de bezerros e de cabritos após ingestão de colostro

The serum protein profile from 15 newborn calves and 15 newborn kids submitted to natural suckling of colostrum. Animals were studied from birth to 60 days of age. The gana glutamyl transferase activity was higher in calves than in kids, but, in both species, the serum levels were higher in the first days of life. The total serum protein levels had no difference in relation to species and age. The albumin was the predominant fraction in the serum after the consumption of the colostrums, whereas increased levels occurred in calves from 48 hours after the colostrum intake and in kids after 15 days of age. Higher values of alpha globulin fraction in calves were observed at 24 hours of life, but in goats no significant changes were observed from 24 hours of age to 60 days of age. The beta globulin levels had no difference between species and age. At 24 of life, the gamaglobulins levels in calves and kids were 1.76 ± 0.92 g/L and 1.13 ± 1.24 g/L ( p = 0.3150), respectively. Lower values were observed at 30 days of age in calves and around 9 days of age in kids. The determination of serum protein profile and GGT are excellent indicators of passive immunity transfer in calves and kids. Colostrums from cattle had higher concentrations of immunoglobulins than that from goats. KEY-WORDS: calves, caprine, protein profile, colostrum, passive immunity

Role of cytokines, NO, and H2O2 on the immunopathology of Leptospirosis in genetically selected mice

Immune response to leptospirosis is mainly humorally mediated, and involves opsonization of leptospires for phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils. However, some aspects are still unknown. For a more detailed analysis of the cellular immune response to leptospirosis infection, trials were carried out in order to determine the hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide (H2O2 and NO) production stimulated or not by Interferon-gamma. The participation of some specific cytokines, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha); Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma); Interleukin-6 (IL-6); and Interleukin-4 (IL-4), in the immunopathology of this infection was also investigated. For this purpose, we analyzed the supernatant from peritoneal macrophage cell culture and the splenic cells of mice genetically selected as High (H) and Low (L) antibody producers, and inbred Balb/c mice infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. The IL-6 production varied from release peaks to inhibition in H, L, and Balb/c mice. Similar behavior was observed for IL-4, produced only by H and Balb/c mice. The three strains presented constant and elevated production of TNF-alpha until day 14, suggesting its effective participation in the initial phase of the infection. Meanwhile, all the three strains presented a constant and irregular IFN-gamma production, with release peaks between the 7th and 14th days in L mice. The H and Balb/c mice strains presented a higher tendency to Th2 response pattern, whereas L mice tended towards Th1 response.

Endotoxemia por lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) de Escherichia coli, em equinos: efeitos de antiinflamatórios nas concentrações sérica e peritoneal do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-a)

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Avaliação da técnica de anquilose facilitada no tratamento de osteoartrite séptica interfalângica distal em bovinos

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Avaliação da técnica de anquilose facilitada no tratamento de osteoartrite séptica interfalângica distal em bovinos

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Endotoxemia por lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) de Escherichia coli, em equinos: efeitos de antiinflamatórios nas concentrações sérica e peritoneal do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-a)

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

HYDRALLANTOIS IN AN EWE (CASE REPORT). / HIDROALANTÓIDE EM UMA OVELHA. RELATO DE CASO.

A 4-year-old Suffolk ewe in the last trimester of gestation was referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital with history of an acute, progressive, bilateral abdominal distention. After 10 days of hospitalization, the animal underwent a cesarean section in the paramammary region that revealed a grossly distended, thin-walled, fluid-filled uterus with 18 liters of allantoic fluid and 2 lambs. Two days after surgery, the ewe was alert, able to stand and had normal appetite. Abdominal distention did not recur after surgery and neither retention of fetal membranes nor septic metritis signs were observed. Ten days after surgery the animal was discharged to the farm. Rebreeding was discouraged in this case. KEY WORDS: Hydrallantois. Ewe.

Uma ovelha da raça Suffolk, 4 anos de idade, no terceiro trimestre de gestação foi encaminhada ao Hospital Veterinário com história primária de distensão abdominal bilateral aguda e progressiva. Após 10 dias de internação, o animal foi submetido a uma cesariana na região paramamária que revelou útero distendido com paredes finas e preenchido com 18 litros de líquido alantóico e presença de 2 cordeiros. Dois dias após a cirurgia, a ovelha estava alerta, era capaz de se levantar e tinha apetite normal. A distensão abdominal não retornou após a cirurgia nem retenção de placenta ou sinais de metrite foram observados. Dez dias após a cirurgia o animal retornou para a fazenda. Nova cobertura foi desencorajada neste caso.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hidroalantóide. Ovelha

COMPARISON OF PROTEINOGRAM AND GAMA GLUTAMIL TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN SERUM FROM CALVES AND KIDS AFTER INTAKE OF COLOSTRUM / COMPARAÇÃO DO PROTEINOGRAMA E DA ATIVIDADE DA GAMAGLUTAMILTRANSFERASE NO SORO SANGÜÍNEO DE BEZERROS E DE CABRITOS APÓS INGESTÃO DE COLOSTRO.

The serum protein profile from 15 newborn calves and 15 newborn kids submitted to natural suckling of colostrum. Animals were studied from birth to 60 days of age. The gana glutamyl transferase activity was higher in calves than in kids, but, in both species, the serum levels were higher in the first days of life. The total serum protein levels had no difference in relation to species and age. The albumin was the predominant fraction in the serum after the consumption of the colostrums, whereas increased levels occurred in calves from 48 hours after the colostrum intake and in kids after 15 days of age. Higher values of alpha globulin fraction in calves were observed at 24 hours of life, but in goats no significant changes were observed from 24 hours of age to 60 days of age. The beta globulin levels had no difference between species and age. At 24 of life, the gamaglobulins levels in calves and kids were 1.76 ± 0.92 g/L and 1.13 ± 1.24 g/L ( p = 0.3150), respectively. Lower values were observed at 30 days of age in calves and around 9 days of age in kids. The determination of serum protein profile and GGT are excellent indicators of passive immunity transfer in calves and kids. Colostrums from cattle had higher concentrations of immunoglobulins than that from goats. KEY-WORDS: calves, caprine, protein profile, colostrum, passive immunity

UTILIZAÇÃO DO DETECTOR DE METAIS PARA A DETERMINAÇÃO DA PREVALÊNCIA DE CORPOS ESTRANHOS METÁLICOS EM BOVINOS DE RAÇAS LEITEIRAS NA REGIÃO DE ARAÇATUBA-BRASIL

Com os objetivos de determinar a prevalência de corpos estranhos metálicos nos animais de rebanhos da região de Araçatuba-Brasil, verificar a presença de animais com reticuloperitonite traumática nestes rebanhos e correlacionar a presença de sinais clínicos de reticuloperitonite traumática à positividade quando da avaliação pelo detector de metais, foram pesquisados 138 animais adultos, sendo 48 animais na propriedade 1, sendo 24 animais positivos à passagem do detector de metais, 32 animais na propriedade 2, nenhum positivo, 28 animais na propriedade 3 sendo 3 positivos e 30 animais na propriedade 4 sendo 7 animais positivos. Sangue de 11animais foram colhidos para a realização de hemograma, porém nenhum deles apresentou alteração. Podemos concluir que a utilização do detector de metais como auxiliar de diagnóstico é de fundamental importância, pois permite um diagnóstico mais precoce o que diminui os gastos e melhora a chance de sucesso no tratamento e que propriedades melhores manejadas tem menor incidência de ingestão de corpos estranhos metálicos e portanto menor probabilidade da ocorrência da doença.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bovinos. Reticuloperitonite. Reticulopericardite. Corpo estranho.

EVALUATION OF THE VITALITY OF NELORE CALVES BORN OF NORMAL OR DYSTOCIC PARTURITIONS/Avaliação da vitalidade de bezerros nelores nascidos de partos normais ou distócicos.

A adaptação à vida extra-uterina é um período crítico para o recém-nascido. Inúmeras alterações ocorrem em diferentes sistemas e órgãos, incluindo a função respiratória e o equilíbrio ácido-básico. Os neonatos podem morrer devido à hipóxia ou traumas sofridos durante a parturição. Visando avaliar a influência do tipo parturição (normal ou distócico) em relação ao escore Apgar de vitalidade neonatal e aos valores de hemogasometria de bezerros nascidos de partos eutócicos ou distócicos, foram utilizados 30 bezerros da raça Nelore, sendo 18 animais nascidos de partos eutócicos e 12 de partos laboriosos. As amostras sanguíneas foram colhidas por venopunção jugular, imediatamente após o nascimento e às 24 horas de vida. O pH, a pressão parcial de oxigênio (pO2), a pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (pCO2), o dióxido de carbono total (TCO2), a concentração de bicarbonato (HCO3-), o excesso de bases (BE), e a

USE OF HEMOGLOBIN AS AN ADJUVANT DURING EXPERIMENTAL INTRAPERITONEAL INFECTION WITH Escherichia coli AND/OR Bacteroides fragilis IN HORSES. / UTILIZAÇÃO DA HEMOGLOBINA COMO ADJUVANTE DURANTE INFECÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL EM EQÜINOS, VIA INTRAPERITONERAL, COM Escherichia coli E/OU Bacteroides fragilis.

The goals of this study were to evaluate if hemoglobin played a role as adjuvant in experimental peritonitis in horses and could cause clinical and haematological alterations that could be used for diagnosis and prognosis of cases of peritonitis. Fifteen adult horses were randomly divided into 5 equal groups, which were injected intraperitoneally with the following suspension: GI: 1x109 colony-forming units (CFU) of E. coli diluted in 500 mL of 0.9% saline solution plus 5 g of hemoglobin; GII: 1x109 CFU of B. fragilis diluted in 500 mL of 0.9% saline plus 5 g of hemoglobin; GIII: 1x109 CFU of E. coli in combination with 1x109  CFU of B. fragilis diluted in 500 ml of 0.9% of saline plus 5 g of hemoglobin; GIV: 500 mL of 0.9% saline plus 5 g of hemoglobin and GV: 500 mL of 0.9% saline. Leukopenia with neutropenia was observed in GI and GIII  and a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen concentration occurred in horses of GI. There was a significant increase in total nucleated cell count in peritoneal fluid in horses of GI, GII, GIII and GIV. Fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, abdominal wall sensibility and tension, diarrhoea, colic, and decreased borborygmi sounds were the most frequent clinical signs observed in horses of GI, GII, GIII and GIV. In conclusion, hemoglobin was able to cause chemical peritonitis in horses, it had an adjuvant effect when associated t