Effects of systemic inflammation due to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury upon lean or obese visceral adipose tissue

Purpose: To evaluate how the induction of liver damage by ischemia and reperfusion affects the adipose tissue of lean and obese mice. Methods: Lean and diet-induced obese mice were subjected to liver ischemia (30 min) followed by 6 h of reperfusion. The vascular stromal fraction of visceral adipose tissue was analyzed by cytometry, and gene expression was evaluated by an Array assay and by RT-qPCR. Intestinal permeability was assessed by oral administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and endotoxemia by serum endotoxin measurements using a limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Results: It was found that, after liver ischemia and reperfusion, there is an infiltration of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, as well as an increase in the gene expression that encode cytokines, chemokines and their receptors in the visceral adipose tissue of lean mice. This inflammatory response was associated with the presence of endotoxemia in lean mice. However, these changes were not observed in the visceral adipose tissue of obese mice. Conclusions: Liver ischemia and reperfusion induce an acute inflammatory response in adipose tissue of lean mice characterized by an intense chemokine induction and leukocyte infiltration; however, inflammatory alterations are already present at baseline in the obese adipose tissue and liver ischemia and reperfusion do not injure further.

Utilização de minerais iônicos ou complexos orgânicos de minerais no pré-parto de vacas Holandesas / Use of ionic minerals or organic mineral complexes in the dry period of Holsteins cows

Os efeitos do uso de minerais complexados durante o pré-parto sobre a ocorrência de retenção de placenta foram avaliados em 135 vacas Holandesas de dois ou mais partos: grupo mineral iônico (69 animais) e grupo mineral complexado (66 animais). Em 55 desses animais foram também avaliadas as concentrações séricas da imunoglobulina G (IgG), Zn, Cu e a qualidade do colostro. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo em parcelas subdivididas. As concentrações séricas de IgG e dos microminerais foram avaliadas por análise de variância, sendo utilizados, respectivamente, os testes de Duncan e Fisher. A taxa de erro α admitida foi de 7%. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos para ocorrência de retenção de placenta, qualidade do colostro, concentrações séricas de Zn e IgG (P>0,07), sendo observada diferença para a concentração de Cu (P<0,07). As concentrações de IgG foram diferentes nas semanas pré-parto avaliadas (P<0,07).(AU)

The effects of the use of complex minerals on the occurrence of retained placenta during pre-partum were valued on 135 Holstein cows from two or more deliveries. The animals were divided in two groups: ionic mineral (69 animals) and complexed mineral (66 animals). In 55 of these animals serum concentrations of imunoglobulin G (IgG), Zn and Cu and colostrum quality were also evaluated. The experiment was conducted in complete randomized split-plot design, serum IgG and trace minerals were evaluated by analysis of variance and used, respectively, Duncan's test and Fisher. The α error rate of 7% was accepted. There were no differences between groups for the occurrence of retained placenta, colostrum quality and serum concentrations of Zn and IgG (P>0.07), a difference was observed for Cu (P<0.07) concentrations. The IgG concentrations were different on the weeks pre partum evaluated (P <0.07).(AU)

Desempenho e saúde de bezerras alimentadas com leite sem resíduo de drogas antimicrobianas ou leite de vacas tratadas contra mastite adicionado ou não de probiótico / Performance and health of calves fed milk without antimicrobials residue or milk from mastitis treated cows with or without probiotic

Quarenta e oito bezerras da raça Holandesa, de um a 60 dias de idade, foram utilizadas para avaliar os efeitos da adição ou não de Lactobacillus acidophillus, Bifidobacterium bifidum e Enterococus faecium ao leite sem resíduo de antimicrobiano (L) e ao leite de vacas em tratamento de mastite (LTM), sobre o consumo de alimentos, ganho de peso e incidência e duração de diarréia. O consumo de concentrado e água foi medido diariamente, e o ganho de peso semanalmente. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com 12 repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de um arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (L ou LTM e ausência ou presença de probiótico). A adição de probiótico reduziu o número de dias com diarréia no grupo de animais que recebeu leite sem resíduo de antimicrobiano (P<0,05), mas não houve efeito sobre os animais que receberam leite de vacas em tratamento de mastite. Também não houve efeito do probiótico sobre os consumos de concentrado e de água, e sobre o ganho de peso e a incidência de diarréia.(AU)

Forty-eight Holstein calves from birth until 60-day-old were used to evaluate the effect of commercial probiotic Biobac® (Lactobacillus acidophillus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Enterococcus faecium) in addition to milk without antimicrobials residue or milk from mastitis treatead cows on theoccurrence and the length of diarrhea. Consumption of concentrate and water were daily measured and the weight was weekly measured. The experiment was carried out according to a random sample design with 12 repetitions for each treatment, arranged in a split plot. The plots were composed by four treatments combined in a factorial arrangement of 2x2. Subplots were composed by the evaluation times. The addition of probiotic was beneficial to reduce the diarrhea period in the calves fed milk without antimicrobial residue. The consumption of concentrate, water, and the weights of the calves were not different among the groups, irrespectively of probiotic supply.(AU)