Antidiabetic effect of Gymnema sylvestre in Streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats

The purpose of the study was to study the hypoglycemic effect of Gymnema sylvestre in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat model. G. sylvestre was administered at the dose rate of 50 and 100 mg/kg b w and was compared with standard hypoglycemic drug, glibenclamide for its anti hyperglycemic effect. There was improvement in various parameters such as body weight, haemoglobin, serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALT and antioxidant enzymes in all the treatment groups. G. sylvestre elicited dose dependent effect with 100 mg/kg b w being more effective in alleviating most of the diabetic clinical signs. The findings were clearly substantiated by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, G. sylvestre has significant antidiabetic effect at 100 mg/kg b w when administered daily for 45 days.

Antidiabetic effect of Gymnema sylvestre in Streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats

The purpose of the study was to study the hypoglycemic effect of Gymnema sylvestre in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat model. G. sylvestre was administered at the dose rate of 50 and 100 mg/kg b w and was compared with standard hypoglycemic drug, glibenclamide for its anti hyperglycemic effect. There was improvement in various parameters such as body weight, haemoglobin, serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALT and antioxidant enzymes in all the treatment groups. G. sylvestre elicited dose dependent effect with 100 mg/kg b w being more effective in alleviating most of the diabetic clinical signs. The findings were clearly substantiated by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, G. sylvestre has significant antidiabetic effect at 100 mg/kg b w when administered daily for 45 days.(AU)

Evaluation of hypoglycemic effect of momordica charantia extract in distilled water in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

Momordica charantia or Bitter Melon, a tropical vegetable, is a common food in Indian cuisine and has been used extensively in folk medicine as a remedy for diabetes. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of Momordica charantia extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model for a period of 45 days. The alcoholic extract of Momordica charantia was administered orally at the dose rate of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight in distilled water and compared with standard oral hypoglycemic drug, glibenclamide. In the study a significant (P 0.001) improvement in the physiological and biochemical parameters such as body weight, hemoglobin concentration, serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels was observed in Momordica charantia treated rats as compared to diabetic control rats. In Momordica charantia treated rats there was gradual and progressive alleviation of streptozotocin effects with M. charantia at higher dose rate (200 mg per kg body weight), more effective in normalizing the pancreatic endocrinal architecture, improving the number of b-cells and in enhancing the insulin secretion. Immunohistochemistry and special staining revealed improvement in the insulin secretion in Momordica charantia and glibenclamide treated groups.

Evaluation of hypoglycemic effect of momordica charantia extract in distilled water in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

Momordica charantia or Bitter Melon, a tropical vegetable, is a common food in Indian cuisine and has been used extensively in folk medicine as a remedy for diabetes. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of Momordica charantia extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model for a period of 45 days. The alcoholic extract of Momordica charantia was administered orally at the dose rate of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight in distilled water and compared with standard oral hypoglycemic drug, glibenclamide. In the study a significant (P 0.001) improvement in the physiological and biochemical parameters such as body weight, hemoglobin concentration, serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels was observed in Momordica charantia treated rats as compared to diabetic control rats. In Momordica charantia treated rats there was gradual and progressive alleviation of streptozotocin effects with M. charantia at higher dose rate (200 mg per kg body weight), more effective in normalizing the pancreatic endocrinal architecture, improving the number of b-cells and in enhancing the insulin secretion. Immunohistochemistry and special staining revealed improvement in the insulin secretion in Momordica charantia and glibenclamide treated groups.(AU)

Canine squamous cell carcinoma: a review of 17 cases

Cancer, a fatal malignant disturbance of growth is one of the major causes of mortality in canines. Of the many neoplasms that are known to affect dogs, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is relatively more common and highly malignant. In the present investigation, 138 cases of tumor or tumor like growths were evaluated and 17 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) encountered were studied in relation to its occurrence in population, age, sex, breed, gross appearance, location of the lesion, cytological findings, histological observations and immunoreactivity to cytokeratins. Cytological smears revealed large number of malignant squamous cells occurring either individually or in clusters exhibiting pleomorphism, anisokaryosis and anisocytosis. Well differentiated forms, histologically showed cords or nests of proliferating neoplastic cells consisting of immature polyhedral cells at the periphery and eosinophilic lamellated keratin pearls at the centre. The moderately differentiated ones were characterized by proliferating cells forming cords or nests of cells separated by thin fibrous stroma. The varying intensity of immunostaining observed to 34bE12 raised against high molecular weight cytokeratins (1, 5, 10 and 14) correlated well with cellular differentiation with high expression in well differentiated and less in poorly differentiated SCC.

Prognostic Value of Ki 67 Proliferation Antigen in Canine Malignant Mammary Gland Tumours

Canine malignant mammary gland tumours were surgically resected from 78 dogs to determine the prognostic value of Ki 67 Proliferation antigen. After post surgical follow up for minimum of 1 year, 48 dogs were still alive, while 21 dogs had died as a consequence of malignancy, while remaining nine dogs showed recurrence of tumour. Formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded histological sections were immunostained with monoclonal antibody Ki 67 (MIB -1). At least 100 cells in eight to 10 representative fields were counted. The Ki 67 index was expressed as the percentage of positive cells. In malignant canine mammary gland tumours, Ki 67 index ranged from 2.23 to 26.34 (14.45 ± 0.51). A statistically significant difference in the Ki 67 index (P< 0.05) was found between alive and dead group of dogs. Ki 67 index correlated with histological staging as most tumours in stage II had higher Ki 67 index and showed tumour related deaths. A clear association between the death due to malignancy and Ki 67 index was evident using Ki 67 index median count cut off value of 14.27 Thus Ki 67 index was good indicator of malignancy and dogs having Ki67 index greater than 14.27 have poor prognosis for mammary gland tumours.(AU)

Procedure for Collecting Gastric Contents in Giant Amazon Turtles Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines, Podocnemididae)

Cancer, a fatal malignant disturbance of growth is one of the major causes of mortality in canines. Of the many neoplasms that are known to affect dogs, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is relatively more common and highly malignant. In the present investigation, 138 cases of tumortumor like growths were evaluated and 17 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) encountered were studied in relation to its occurrence in population, age, sex, breed, gross appearance, location of the lesion, cytological findings, histological observations and immunoreactivity to cytokeratins. Cytological smears revealed large number of malignant squamous cells occurring either individuallyin clusters exhibiting pleomorphism, anisokaryosis and anisocytosis. Well differentiated forms, histologically showed cordsnests of proliferating neoplastic cells consisting of immature polyhedral cells at the periphery and eosinophilic lamellated keratin pearls at the centre. The moderately differentiated ones were characterized by proliferating cells forming cordsnests of cells separated by thin fibrous stroma. The varying intensity of immunostaining observed to 34&61538;E12 raised against high molecular weight cytokeratins (1, 5, 10 and 14) correlated well with cellular differentiation with high expression in well differentiated and less in poorly differentiated SCC.(AU)

Canine squamous cell carcinoma: a review of 17 cases

Cancer, a fatal malignant disturbance of growth is one of the major causes of mortality in canines. Of the many neoplasms that are known to affect dogs, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is relatively more common and highly malignant. In the present investigation, 138 cases of tumor or tumor like growths were evaluated and 17 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) encountered were studied in relation to its occurrence in population, age, sex, breed, gross appearance, location of the lesion, cytological findings, histological observations and immunoreactivity to cytokeratins. Cytological smears revealed large number of malignant squamous cells occurring either individually or in clusters exhibiting pleomorphism, anisokaryosis and anisocytosis. Well differentiated forms, histologically showed cords or nests of proliferating neoplastic cells consisting of immature polyhedral cells at the periphery and eosinophilic lamellated keratin pearls at the centre. The moderately differentiated ones were characterized by proliferating cells forming cords or nests of cells separated by thin fibrous stroma. The varying intensity of immunostaining observed to 34bE12 raised against high molecular weight cytokeratins (1, 5, 10 and 14) correlated well with cellular differentiation with high expression in well differentiated and less in poorly differentiated SCC. 

Prognostic value of Ki 67 proliferation antigen in canine malignant mammary gland tumours

Canine malignant mammary gland tumours were surgically resected from 78 dogs to determine the prognostic value of Ki 67 Proliferation antigen. After post surgical follow up for minimum of 1 year, 48 dogs were still alive, while 21 dogs had died as a consequence of malignancy, while remaining nine dogs showed recurrence of tumour. Formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded histological sections were immunostained with monoclonal antibody Ki 67 (MIB -1). At least 100 cells in eight to 10 representative fields were counted. The Ki 67 index was expressed as the percentage of positive cells. In malignant canine mammary gland tumours, Ki 67 index ranged from 2.23 to 26.34 (14.45 ± 0.51). A statistically significant difference in the Ki 67 index (P 0.05) was found between alive and dead group of dogs. Ki 67 index correlated with histological staging as most tumours in stage II had higher Ki 67 index and showed tumour related deaths. A clear association between the death due to malignancy and Ki 67 index was evident using Ki 67 index median count cut off value of 14.27 Thus Ki 67 index was good indicator of malignancy and dogs having Ki67 index greater than 14.27 have poor prognosis for mammary gland tumours.