Avaliação de dois protocolos de analgesia transoperatória em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia unilateral total / Evaluation of two protocols for analgesia during total unilateral mastectomy in bitches

Background: Proper evaluation of pain is essential to select effective anesthetic protocols in surgical procedures in animals. Pain assessment can be accomplished during the perioperative period by measuring several physiological parameters, such as heart and respiratory rates. Measuring serum levels of cortisol and glucose is one of the most commonly used methods to assess the effectiveness of protocols for pain control. The aim of this study was to compare two analgesic protocols in dogs undergoing unilateral total mastectomy, a surgery that can cause moderate-to-severe pain in dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen female dogs seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil, were recruited for this study, without stratification by breed and age, except for brachycephalic breeds. The animals were divided into two groups: 1) FLK group, in which the animals received preoperative ketamine (5 mg/ kg, IM) and midazolam (0.3 mg/kg, IM), an IV bolus of fentanyl (0.004 mg/kg), lidocaine (2 mg/kg) and ketamine (0.5 mg/kg), and then a combination of fentanyl (0.008 mg/kg/h), ketamine (0.6 mg/kg/h) and lidocaine (2 mg/kg/h) diluted in normal saline solution were infused at a rate of 10 mL/kg/h until the end of the surgical procedure; 2) AM group, in which the animals received preoperative morphine (0.5 mg/kg, IM) and acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg, IM). In both groups, anesthesia was induced by using propofol (6 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with isoflurane. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture (4 mL) in the preoperative and postoperative periods to evaluate serum levels of cortisol and glucose. Statistical analysis was carried out using the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, followed by the Tukey test (P < 0.05). […]

Evaluation of Two Protocols for Analgesia during Total Unilateral Mastectomy in Bitches

Background: Proper evaluation of pain is essential to select effective anesthetic protocols in surgical procedures in animals. Pain assessment can be accomplished during the perioperative period by measuring several physiological parameters, such as heart and respiratory rates. Measuring serum levels of cortisol and glucose is one of the most commonly used methods to assess the effectiveness of protocols for pain control. The aim of this study was to compare two analgesic protocols in dogs undergoing unilateral total mastectomy, a surgery that can cause moderate-to-severe pain in dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen female dogs seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil, were recruited for this study, without stratification by breed and age, except for brachycephalic breeds. The animals were divided into two groups: 1) FLK group, in which the animals received preoperative ketamine (5 mg/ kg, IM) and midazolam (0.3 mg/kg, IM), an IV bolus of fentanyl (0.004 mg/kg), lidocaine (2 mg/kg) and ketamine (0.5 mg/kg), and then a combination of fentanyl (0.008 mg/kg/h), ketamine (0.6 mg/kg/h) and lidocaine (2 mg/kg/h) diluted in normal saline solution were infused at a rate of 10 mL/kg/h until the end of the surgical procedure; 2) AM group, in which the animals received preoperative morphine (0.5 mg/kg, IM) and acepromazine (0.05 mg/k

Avaliação de dois protocolos de analgesia transoperatória em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia unilateral total / Evaluation of two protocols for analgesia during total unilateral mastectomy in bitches

Background: Proper evaluation of pain is essential to select effective anesthetic protocols in surgical procedures in animals. Pain assessment can be accomplished during the perioperative period by measuring several physiological parameters, such as heart and respiratory rates. Measuring serum levels of cortisol and glucose is one of the most commonly used methods to assess the effectiveness of protocols for pain control. The aim of this study was to compare two analgesic protocols in dogs undergoing unilateral total mastectomy, a surgery that can cause moderate-to-severe pain in dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen female dogs seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil, were recruited for this study, without stratification by breed and age, except for brachycephalic breeds. The animals were divided into two groups: 1) FLK group, in which the animals received preoperative ketamine (5 mg/ kg, IM) and midazolam (0.3 mg/kg, IM), an IV bolus of fentanyl (0.004 mg/kg), lidocaine (2 mg/kg) and ketamine (0.5 mg/kg), and then a combination of fentanyl (0.008 mg/kg/h), ketamine (0.6 mg/kg/h) and lidocaine (2 mg/kg/h) diluted in normal saline solution were infused at a rate of 10 mL/kg/h until the end of the surgical procedure; 2) AM group, in which the animals received preoperative morphine (0.5 mg/kg, IM) and acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg, IM). In both groups, anesthesia was induced by using propofol (6 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with isoflurane. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture (4 mL) in the preoperative and postoperative periods to evaluate serum levels of cortisol and glucose. Statistical analysis was carried out using the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, followed by the Tukey test (P < 0.05). […](AU)

Reconstructive surgical repair of a forth degree iatrogenic burn in a dog

Background: Burns are uncommon in small animal surgery routine and represents a real therapeutic challenge. Skin can be affect in different degrees of deepness as superficial, partial thickness, full thickness and full thickness affecting underlying tissues. Each degree has individual features. Progression through degrees can occur in the first 24 h or if treatment is inadequate. This paper aims to describe therapeutic approach and surgical technique to treat a huge dorsal iatrogenic thermal burn injury.Case: A 4-year-old female German Shepard was referred to veterinary hospital after 11 days of elective ovariosalpingohisterectomy. The patient presented a severe skin injury with crusts, eschars, purulent discharge and myiasis on dorsal cervical, thoracic and lumbar region. Beside severity of the wound, animal present good general status and normal vital signs. Complete blood count and biochemical analysis were within normal ranges. Histopathologic analysis of a wound tissue sample revealed the presence of coagulation necrosis and inflammatory response. The absence of traumatic events, histopathologic result and wound features increased suspicious of an iatrogenic burn injury from a poorly regulated thermal mattress used during surgical intervention. Rule of Nines was estimated as 25% of total body surface area. Systemic antibiotics and topical treatment with 0.05% [...]

Reconstructive surgical repair of a forth degree iatrogenic burn in a dog

Background: Burns are uncommon in small animal surgery routine and represents a real therapeutic challenge. Skin can be affect in different degrees of deepness as superficial, partial thickness, full thickness and full thickness affecting underlying tissues. Each degree has individual features. Progression through degrees can occur in the first 24 h or if treatment is inadequate. This paper aims to describe therapeutic approach and surgical technique to treat a huge dorsal iatrogenic thermal burn injury.Case: A 4-year-old female German Shepard was referred to veterinary hospital after 11 days of elective ovariosalpingohisterectomy. The patient presented a severe skin injury with crusts, eschars, purulent discharge and myiasis on dorsal cervical, thoracic and lumbar region. Beside severity of the wound, animal present good general status and normal vital signs. Complete blood count and biochemical analysis were within normal ranges. Histopathologic analysis of a wound tissue sample revealed the presence of coagulation necrosis and inflammatory response. The absence of traumatic events, histopathologic result and wound features increased suspicious of an iatrogenic burn injury from a poorly regulated thermal mattress used during surgical intervention. Rule of Nines was estimated as 25% of total body surface area. Systemic antibiotics and topical treatment with 0.05% [...](AU)

Determining the optimal time of gastric emptying in cats using dry or wet food

Background: Pulmonary aspiration of gastric content can result in intraoperative and postoperative complications, such as regurgitation, gastro-esophageal reflux and esophagitis. There are variations among authors about the ideal period of solid and liquid fasting. Determination of the appropriate amount of food abstinence in surgical patients is important, because of the metabolic disorders that interfere in response to anesthetic protocol or surgical intervention. Thereby, this research aimed to evaluate the appropriate period of fasting for elective anesthesia and surgical procedures in cats, by analysis of gastric emptying time based on the daily energy requirement. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven cats of mixed breed, health and with an average weight of 2.857 ± 0.3780 were evaluated by gastroscopy for the presence of food and obtaining tissue samples. To evaluate the gastric emptying time, dry and moist food were offered at two different times, 8 h and 4 h before each evaluation, with an interval of seven days between each food treatment (dry and moist). There was no significant difference in all biochemical parameters evaluated (cholesterol, glucose, and lactate) in both fasting times and food types (P > 0.05). All animals underwent gastric biopsy for histological evaluation and urease test, to discard morphological changes. After 4 h it was observed dry food [...](AU)

Determining the optimal time of gastric emptying in cats using dry or wet food

Background: Pulmonary aspiration of gastric content can result in intraoperative and postoperative complications, such as regurgitation, gastro-esophageal reflux and esophagitis. There are variations among authors about the ideal period of solid and liquid fasting. Determination of the appropriate amount of food abstinence in surgical patients is important, because of the metabolic disorders that interfere in response to anesthetic protocol or surgical intervention. Thereby, this research aimed to evaluate the appropriate period of fasting for elective anesthesia and surgical procedures in cats, by analysis of gastric emptying time based on the daily energy requirement. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven cats of mixed breed, health and with an average weight of 2.857 ± 0.3780 were evaluated by gastroscopy for the presence of food and obtaining tissue samples. To evaluate the gastric emptying time, dry and moist food were offered at two different times, 8 h and 4 h before each evaluation, with an interval of seven days between each food treatment (dry and moist). There was no significant difference in all biochemical parameters evaluated (cholesterol, glucose, and lactate) in both fasting times and food types (P > 0.05). All animals underwent gastric biopsy for histological evaluation and urease test, to discard morphological changes. After 4 h it was observed dry food [...]

Steinmann implant migrated removed by videolaparoscopy in dog / Videolaparoscopia na remoção de pino de Steinmann migrado em canino

Background: For the stabilization of vertebral fractures and luxations are proposed various techniques, with an association of Steinmann pins and bone cement preferred. Implant failure or migration can occur as a late complication of spinal stabilization as well as breaking pins and cerclage wires. The actual incidence of migration of metallic fixation pins and wires is unknown, although the complication has been well documented being sometimes even associated with the death of the patient. The present report aims to describe the use of laparoscopy in removing a Steinmann pin the muscles of the abdominal wall, adjacent to the peritoneal cavity in a dog. Case: A canine mixed breed, female, 1.5 years old, was attended with a history of hit by motor vehicles and after medical and neurological examination was submitted to radiographic examination, evidencing fracture and dislocation of the sixth lumbar vertebra, with cranio-ventral displacement the caudal fragment of the body of the sixth lumbar vertebra. Then underwent surgery to stabilize the spine. For that, was elected segmental spinal fixation modified by applying pins and cerclage wires on spinous processes and facet joints to stabilize the vertebral segments. Two months after the stabilization column radiographic examination control was observed the presence of radiopaque metallic structure, located between L2-L3 in the left...(AU)

Haws Syndrome in cats / Síndrome de Haw em gatos

Background: Haws syndrome is an uncommon but underdiagnosed disease that affects cats. It occurs due to changes in the innervation of the third eyelid causing protrusion. These changes may occur due to some change in sympathetic innervation efferent to the eye and its annexes. The diagnosis is based on the instillation of sympathomimetic agents. The palliative treatment is based on the instillation of sympathomimetic agents only if the protrusion is preventing eyesight. The aim of this study is to report the clinical management of three cats with this syndrome, emphasizing its clinical, diagnostic and treatment demonstration. Case: Three cats were referred to the Department of Ophthalmology Veterinary of the Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), two with undefined breeds (male and female) and a Siamese (male), aged between 2 and 4 years, with bilateral protrusion of the third eyelid. The owners reported that the animals ate well, were active and did not observe any other problems concomitantly, with the exception of diarrhea In one of the animals a week ago, but that had passed. The animals underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination where they were evaluated since the symmetry orbits until intraocular pressure, Schirmer tear test, fluorescein test and lissamine green, without any obvious change, with values within the normal range for the species, except for...(AU)

Steinmann implant migrated removed by videolaparoscopy in dog / Videolaparoscopia na remoção de pino de Steinmann migrado em canino

Background: For the stabilization of vertebral fractures and luxations are proposed various techniques, with an association of Steinmann pins and bone cement preferred. Implant failure or migration can occur as a late complication of spinal stabilization as well as breaking pins and cerclage wires. The actual incidence of migration of metallic fixation pins and wires is unknown, although the complication has been well documented being sometimes even associated with the death of the patient. The present report aims to describe the use of laparoscopy in removing a Steinmann pin the muscles of the abdominal wall, adjacent to the peritoneal cavity in a dog. Case: A canine mixed breed, female, 1.5 years old, was attended with a history of hit by motor vehicles and after medical and neurological examination was submitted to radiographic examination, evidencing fracture and dislocation of the sixth lumbar vertebra, with cranio-ventral displacement the caudal fragment of the body of the sixth lumbar vertebra. Then underwent surgery to stabilize the spine. For that, was elected segmental spinal fixation modified by applying pins and cerclage wires on spinous processes and facet joints to stabilize the vertebral segments. Two months after the stabilization column radiographic examination control was observed the presence of radiopaque metallic structure, located between L2-L3 in the left...

Haws Syndrome in cats / Síndrome de Haw em gatos

Background: Haws syndrome is an uncommon but underdiagnosed disease that affects cats. It occurs due to changes in the innervation of the third eyelid causing protrusion. These changes may occur due to some change in sympathetic innervation efferent to the eye and its annexes. The diagnosis is based on the instillation of sympathomimetic agents. The palliative treatment is based on the instillation of sympathomimetic agents only if the protrusion is preventing eyesight. The aim of this study is to report the clinical management of three cats with this syndrome, emphasizing its clinical, diagnostic and treatment demonstration. Case: Three cats were referred to the Department of Ophthalmology Veterinary of the Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), two with undefined breeds (male and female) and a Siamese (male), aged between 2 and 4 years, with bilateral protrusion of the third eyelid. The owners reported that the animals ate well, were active and did not observe any other problems concomitantly, with the exception of diarrhea In one of the animals a week ago, but that had passed. The animals underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination where they were evaluated since the symmetry orbits until intraocular pressure, Schirmer tear test, fluorescein test and lissamine green, without any obvious change, with values within the normal range for the species, except for...

Mandibular osteosynthesis in a Boa constrictor snake / Osteossíntese mandibular em jiboia (Boa constrictor)

Tem-se observado um aumento do achado de determinados animais selvagens em áreas urbanas,em função das alterações ambientais provocadas pelo desmatamento e uso econômico de áreasnaturais. Isso causa o desaparecimento das presas usuais e força esses animais, inclusive serpentes, amigrar para áreas urbanizadas, tornando-os vulneráveis aos traumatismos provocados por agressões,atropelamentos e acidentes de captura. As fraturas de mandíbula e maxila são comuns em diversasespécies animais, representando cerca de 3 a 6% de todas as fraturas ósseas em cães e gatos. Otrauma mandibular ocorre geralmente em consequência de lutas, acidentes veiculares e manejoe/ou contenção inadequados. A mandíbula é um osso chato com diferenças em relação aos ossoslongos que devem ser levadas em consideração para o sucesso do tratamento, e a necessidade demanutenção da oclusão e a cobertura muscular mínima são fatores que influenciam a definiçãodo melhor método de redução. Entre os métodos de estabilização se destacam a utilização de fiometálico, pino intramedular, fixador esquelético externo, placa de compressão dinâmica e resinaacrílica. A utilização de placas ósseas convencionais é eficiente, mas está relacionada a diversascomplicações, tais como a necessidade de elevação da musculatura para sua aplicação e alto riscode lesão às estruturas mandibulares. Este artigo descreve os resultados satisfatórios da aplicação deplaca de compressão dinâmica e parafusos na redução de fratura mandibular em uma serpente jiboia(Boa constrictor) do sexo feminino, com peso de 8,0 kg e comprimento de 1,80 m, atendida naFundação RIOZOO (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil).(AU)

Nowadays are observed an increase in the finding of certain wild animals in urban areas, dueto environmental changes caused by deforestation and economic use of natural areas. It causesdisappearance of usual prey and forces these animals, including snakes, to migrate to urban areas,becoming vulnerable to injuries caused by aggressions, car accidents and capture. Mandibular andmaxillar fractures are common in many animal species, representing about 3-6% of all bone fracturesin dogs and cats. Mandibular trauma usually occurs as a result of fights, car accidents and improperhandling and/or restraint, and fractures can be closed or open, clean or contaminated. The jaw is aflat bone with differences from the long bones that should be taken into consideration for successfultreatment, being minimal muscle coverage and need to maintain occlusion factors that influence thedefinition of the best ostheosynthesis method. The methods of stabilization include using intramedullarypins, wires, external skeletal fixation, bone plate, and acrylic resin. Conventional bone plates are efficientbut related to some complications, such as the necessity of muscular elevation and high risk of injuriesto mandibular structures. This article describes the successful results of the application of plate andscrews in the ostheosynthesis of a mandibular fracture in a female Boa constrictor snake with weight of8.0 kg and length of 1.80 m, at the RIOZOO Foundation (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil).(AU)

Liposarcoma with perineal hernia in dog / Lipossarcoma associado à hérnia perineal em um cão

Liposarcoma is an uncommon malignant tumor originated in the lipoblasts that usually does not produce metastases, but is locally invasive. The final diagnosis is made by histopathology and wide surgical excision is the treatment. A four years old male Pinscher, weighing 2.8 kg, which was previously submitted to seven therapeutic procedures for hepatoid adenoma, was brought to us. On clinical examination a large, soft consistency and painless tumor on lumbodorsal area, besides perineal hernia, was observed. The CT scan revealed an image of an extensive paravertebral intramuscular tumor, embracing retroperitoneal, pelvic canal and ad-anal region. After surgical resection, the material was sent for histopathological examination which confirmed it was a liposarcoma. Thus, chemotherapy protocol with doxorubicin was established. 12 months after the last application of chemotherapy, the patient shows no signs of tumor recurrence nor metastases.(AU)

O lipossarcoma é um tumor maligno incomum, originário dos lipoblastos que geralmente não produz metástases; entretanto, élocalmente invasivo. O diagnóstico definitivo é obtido por exame histopatológico e o tratamento consiste na excisão cirúrgica ampla.Foi atendido um cão, da raça Pinscher, macho, com quatro anos de idade, pesando 2,8kg, que fora submetido anteriormentea sete procedimentos terapêuticos para adenoma hepatoide. Ao exame clínico o paciente apresentava uma grande tumoraçãona região dorsolombar, de consistência amolecida e indolor, além de hérnia perineal. O exame de tomografia computadorizadarevelou imagem de uma massa intramuscular paravertebral extensa, invadindo retroperitônio, canal pélvico e região ad-anal. Apósressecção cirúrgica, o material foi encaminhado para análise histopatológica, que confirmou tratar-se de um lipossarcoma; dessaforma, foi instituído protocolo quimioterápico com doxorrubicina. Decorridos 12 meses da última aplicação do quimioterápico, opaciente não apresenta sinais de recidiva da neoplasia maligna, nem tampouco metástases.(AU)

Liposarcoma with perineal hernia in dog / Lipossarcoma associado à hérnia perineal em um cão

Liposarcoma is an uncommon malignant tumor originated in the lipoblasts that usually does not produce metastases, but is locally invasive. The final diagnosis is made by histopathology and wide surgical excision is the treatment. A four years old male Pinscher, weighing 2.8 kg, which was previously submitted to seven therapeutic procedures for hepatoid adenoma, was brought to us. On clinical examination a large, soft consistency and painless tumor on lumbodorsal area, besides perineal hernia, was observed. The CT scan revealed an image of an extensive paravertebral intramuscular tumor, embracing retroperitoneal, pelvic canal and ad-anal region. After surgical resection, the material was sent for histopathological examination which confirmed it was a liposarcoma. Thus, chemotherapy protocol with doxorubicin was established. 12 months after the last application of chemotherapy, the patient shows no signs of tumor recurrence nor metastases.

O lipossarcoma é um tumor maligno incomum, originário dos lipoblastos que geralmente não produz metástases; entretanto, élocalmente invasivo. O diagnóstico definitivo é obtido por exame histopatológico e o tratamento consiste na excisão cirúrgica ampla.Foi atendido um cão, da raça Pinscher, macho, com quatro anos de idade, pesando 2,8kg, que fora submetido anteriormentea sete procedimentos terapêuticos para adenoma hepatoide. Ao exame clínico o paciente apresentava uma grande tumoraçãona região dorsolombar, de consistência amolecida e indolor, além de hérnia perineal. O exame de tomografia computadorizadarevelou imagem de uma massa intramuscular paravertebral extensa, invadindo retroperitônio, canal pélvico e região ad-anal. Apósressecção cirúrgica, o material foi encaminhado para análise histopatológica, que confirmou tratar-se de um lipossarcoma; dessaforma, foi instituído protocolo quimioterápico com doxorrubicina. Decorridos 12 meses da última aplicação do quimioterápico, opaciente não apresenta sinais de recidiva da neoplasia maligna, nem tampouco metástases.

Bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a cat

Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is a rare disease that affects animals and humans. It is characterized by an accumulation of serous fluid around of one or both kidneys, and in cats the manifestation as sub-capsular, containing liquid with transudate characteristics are most frequently observed. The etiology is not well understood yet, but it is known that it is associated with chronic renal injury. While it has no direct relation to race and gender, it shows a higher occurrence in elderly patients above 10 years. According to the scientific literature, surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to report the first case of bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a young cat in Brazil, treated with palliative maneuver associated with a therapeutic feeding balanced. Case: A 1-year-old Siamese cat, 3 kg, female non-castrated was referred for clinical investigation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It presented a 30 days history of progressive increase of abdominal volume, followed also by weight loss, hyporexia, and apathy. The patient underwent to an abdominal ultrasound, showing a large cyst in both kidneys, suggestive of perinephric pseudocyst. It was found that the surgical therapy would the choice for such alterations; however, the animal owners we do not accepted surgical treatment, were oriented about the risks of recurrence a treatment palliative. Nevertheless, recognizing the risks, they preferred by choose for a minimally invasive treatment. With this clinical challenge, we established a supportive treatment, with fluid therapy and commercial therapeutic feeding. At day of diagnosis of perinephric pseudocyst, which we consider as day 0, blood sample was collected for evaluation hemogram and biochemical serum, tests revealed normochromic normocytic anemia and azotemia. Elapsed 10 days of supportive therapy, the liquid was aseptically drained, being classified as a transudate. It was performed only two collection of perirenal liquid within a interval of 10 days between them. After the second perinephric pseudocyst draining the animal did not return to the veterinary clinic, since the owners had reported, by phone call, the improvement of the animal. The reports were maintained during three months and two years after the diagnostic, with no longer observation of abdominal enlargement. Discussion: The abdominal ultrasound proved to be an effective diagnostic method for the differentiation and confirmation of PNP e the liquid analysis revealed pure transudate. These results are similar to those described by other authors. Laboratory tests showed normocytic normochromic anemia and azotemia. The azotemia may be prerenal, by dehydration, as observed in this report; however, as shown in other studies of conical renal injury, obstruction by calculus can lead to this azotemic condition. Thus, it was possible to observe in this study, corroborating the literature, that the prognosis is related to the degree of renal dysfunction. Since this animal was a young cat, when the dehydration was, corrected along with the percutaneous puncture of liquid, the animal's response was immediate and satisfactory. The levels of urea and creatinine declined, with consequent decrease in accumulation of liquid in cysts. Another fundamental process in the therapeutic care, was the combination of mechanical therapy with therapeutic feeding, providing lower renal overload of minerals and a greater supply of proteins with high digestibility to the animal. It is important to emphasize that it is not recommended to replace the surgery by this protocol, but it is expected with this report demonstrate the importance of this rare disease in our country, highlighting that a palliative maneuver in association with changes in diet are therapies that can be employed with favorable prognosis.

Bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a cat / Bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a cat

Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is a rare disease that affects animals and humans. It is characterized by an accumulation of serous fl uid around of one or both kidneys, and in cats the manifestation as sub-capsular, containing liquid with transudate characteristics are most frequently observed. The etiology is not well understood yet, but it is known that it is associated with chronic renal injury. While it has no direct relation to race and gender, it shows a higher occurrence in elderly patients above 10 years. According to the scientifi c literature, surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to report the fi rst case of bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a young cat in Brazil, treated with palliative maneuver associated with a therapeutic feeding balanced.Case: A 1-year-old Siamese cat, 3 kg, female non-castrated was referred for clinical investigation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It presented a 30 days history of progressive increase of abdominal volume, followed also by weight loss, hyporexia, and apathy. The patient underwent to an abdominal ultrasound, showing a large cyst in both kidneys, suggestive of perinephric pseudocyst. It was found that the surgical therapy would the choice for such alterations; however, the animal owners we do not accepted surgical treatment, were oriented about the risks of

Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is a rare disease that affects animals and humans. It is characterized by an accumulation of serous fl uid around of one or both kidneys, and in cats the manifestation as sub-capsular, containing liquid with transudate characteristics are most frequently observed. The etiology is not well understood yet, but it is known that it is associated with chronic renal injury. While it has no direct relation to race and gender, it shows a higher occurrence in elderly patients above 10 years. According to the scientifi c literature, surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to report the fi rst case of bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a young cat in Brazil, treated with palliative maneuver associated with a therapeutic feeding balanced.Case: A 1-year-old Siamese cat, 3 kg, female non-castrated was referred for clinical investigation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It presented a 30 days history of progressive increase of abdominal volume, followed also by weight loss, hyporexia, and apathy. The patient underwent to an abdominal ultrasound, showing a large cyst in both kidneys, suggestive of perinephric pseudocyst. It was found that the surgical therapy would the choice for such alterations; however, the animal owners we do not accepted surgical treatment, were oriented about the risks of

Uveíte associada à infecção por Trypanosoma evansi em cães no município de Uruguaiana, RS, Brasil

This paper describes the ocular alterations of two dogs naturally infected by Trypanosoma evansi. The animals presented to an ophthalmologic examination, normal Schirmer tear test , negative fluorescein test, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, mucopurulent discharge, miosis, corneal edema, intraocular pressure decreased and positive Tyndall effect. In blood smears, trypomastigotes were identified, classified as belonging to the species T. evansi. By the results presented here, it was concluded that there is a necessity of performing a complete ophthalmological examination in dogs with uveitis, including parasitological examination specific to hemoparasites.

Descrevem-se, neste trabalho, as alterações oculares de dois cães naturalmente infectados por Trypanosoma evansi. Os animais apresentaram, ao exame oftalmológico, teste lacrimal de Schirmer I normal, teste de fluoresceína negativo, quemose, hiperemia conjuntival, secreção mucopurulenta, miose, edema de córnea, pressão intraocular diminuída e efeito Tyndall positivo. No esfregaço sanguíneo, foram identificadas formas tripomastigotas, classificadas como pertencentes à espécie T. evansi. Pelos resultados aqui apresentados, concluímos quanto à necessidade de realização de avaliação oftalmológica completa em cães apresentando uveíte, incluindo exames parasitológicos específicos para hemoparasitas.

Uveíte associada à infecção por Trypanosoma evansi em cães no município de Uruguaiana, RS, Brasil

This paper describes the ocular alterations of two dogs naturally infected by Trypanosoma evansi. The animals presented to an ophthalmologic examination, normal Schirmer tear test , negative fluorescein test, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, mucopurulent discharge, miosis, corneal edema, intraocular pressure decreased and positive Tyndall effect. In blood smears, trypomastigotes were identified, classified as belonging to the species T. evansi. By the results presented here, it was concluded that there is a necessity of performing a complete ophthalmological examination in dogs with uveitis, including parasitological examination specific to hemoparasites.

Descrevem-se, neste trabalho, as alterações oculares de dois cães naturalmente infectados por Trypanosoma evansi. Os animais apresentaram, ao exame oftalmológico, teste lacrimal de Schirmer I normal, teste de fluoresceína negativo, quemose, hiperemia conjuntival, secreção mucopurulenta, miose, edema de córnea, pressão intraocular diminuída e efeito Tyndall positivo. No esfregaço sanguíneo, foram identificadas formas tripomastigotas, classificadas como pertencentes à espécie T. evansi. Pelos resultados aqui apresentados, concluímos quanto à necessidade de realização de avaliação oftalmológica completa em cães apresentando uveíte, incluindo exames parasitológicos específicos para hemoparasitas.

Uveíte associada à infecção por Trypanosoma evansi em cães no município de Uruguaiana, RS, Brasil

This paper describes the ocular alterations of two dogs naturally infected by Trypanosoma evansi. The animals presented to an ophthalmologic examination, normal Schirmer tear test , negative fluorescein test, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, mucopurulent discharge, miosis, corneal edema, intraocular pressure decreased and positive Tyndall effect. In blood smears, trypomastigotes were identified, classified as belonging to the species T. evansi. By the results presented here, it was concluded that there is a necessity of performing a complete ophthalmological examination in dogs with uveitis, including parasitological examination specific to hemoparasites.

Descrevem-se, neste trabalho, as alterações oculares de dois cães naturalmente infectados por Trypanosoma evansi. Os animais apresentaram, ao exame oftalmológico, teste lacrimal de Schirmer I normal, teste de fluoresceína negativo, quemose, hiperemia conjuntival, secreção mucopurulenta, miose, edema de córnea, pressão intraocular diminuída e efeito Tyndall positivo. No esfregaço sanguíneo, foram identificadas formas tripomastigotas, classificadas como pertencentes à espécie T. evansi. Pelos resultados aqui apresentados, concluímos quanto à necessidade de realização de avaliação oftalmológica completa em cães apresentando uveíte, incluindo exames parasitológicos específicos para hemoparasitas.

Retalho de avanço para correção de defeito cutâneo causado por miíase em cão: relato de caso / Advancement flap for correction of skin defect caused by myiasis in dog - case report / Colgajo de avance para corrección de defectos de piel causado por miasis en perro - reporte de un caso

As miíases são relativamente frequentes na medicina veterinária causando grandes defeitos cutâneos com margens irregulares e perdas teciduais, necessitando, muitas vezes, técnicas de cirurgias reconstrutivas, como o retalho de avanço unipediculado para resolução do problema. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um canino, macho, sem raça definida, com dez anos de idade, com a presença de miíase cutânea na região frontal e orbitária no lado esquerdo da face. No primeiro momento a ferida foi tratada como ferida aberta, com debridamento e bandagem adequada até a formação do tecido de granulação para assim ocluir o defeito com um retalho de avanço.(AU)

Myiasis are relatively common in veterinary medicine, causing large cutaneous injuries with irregular margins and tissue 1055, which often requires reconstructive surgery techniques, such as advancement flap, a cosmetic and functional option. The objective of this study is to report a case of a 10 years old half-blood male dog who was affected by a cutaneous myiasis in the left-sided orbital and frontal region. Firstly the wound was treated with debridement and appropriate bandage until the formation of the granulation tissue, occluding it with an advancement flap later.(AU)

Miasis son relativamente frecuentes en la medicina veterinaria, causando grandes defectos cutáneos con márgenes irregulares y pérdida de tejido, que requiere técnicas de cirugía reconstructiva, como colgajo de avance, una opción cosmética y funcional. El objetivo de este artículo es reportar el caso de un perro macho mestizo de 10 años, que tenía una miasis cutánea en el lado izquierdo de la región orbitaria y frontal. En primer lugar la herida fue tratada con desbridamiento y vendaje adecuada hasta la formación del tejido de granulación, ocluyendo después con un colgajo de avance.(AU)