Intrauterine growth restriction: screening and diagnosis using animal models

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a serious condition of multifactorial origin, mainly caused by maternal malnutrition, multiple gestation associated with nutrient competition, abuse of nocive substances and infections. The diagnosis of such syndrome is complex, as its own manifestations can mask its occurrence, requiring a thorough assessment of body weight and size. Moreover, it is not responsive to any kind of treatment. There is evidence that IUGR may predispose the individual to several pathologies, such as diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome in adulthood, and it has also been linked to thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Thus, a healthy lifestyle is needed to better prevent those pathologies. Given the world high prevalence and importance of IUGR, mainly in developing countries, this review is focused on discussing how different animal models contribute to the biological screening and diagnosis of this condition.(AU)

Intrauterine growth restriction: screening and diagnosis using animal models

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a serious condition of multifactorial origin, mainly caused by maternal malnutrition, multiple gestation associated with nutrient competition, abuse of nocive substances and infections. The diagnosis of such syndrome is complex, as its own manifestations can mask its occurrence, requiring a thorough assessment of body weight and size. Moreover, it is not responsive to any kind of treatment. There is evidence that IUGR may predispose the individual to several pathologies, such as diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome in adulthood, and it has also been linked to thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Thus, a healthy lifestyle is needed to better prevent those pathologies. Given the world high prevalence and importance of IUGR, mainly in developing countries, this review is focused on discussing how different animal models contribute to the biological screening and diagnosis of this condition.

Commercial feed and frozen Artemia nauplii for curimatã-pacu larvae in first feeding / Ração comercial e náuplios de Artemia congelados na primeira alimentação de larvas de curimatã-pacu

The objective of this work was to evaluate the supply of frozen Artemia nauplii, commercial ration, and co-feed with frozen Artemia nauplii and commercial ration on the productive performance and water quality in the larviculture of curimatã-pacu Prochilodus argenteus. The larvae were cultivated for 21 days under the following feed treatments: 100F (100% commercial feed); 67F33A (67% commercial feed, and 33% fronzen Artemia nauplii); 34F66A (34% commercial feed, and 66% frozen Artemia nauplii); and 100A (100% frozen Artemia nauplii). The larvae, submitted to the feed treatments, did not differ in performance, survival, weight, total and standard lengths, Fulton’s condition factor and specific growth rate. Commercial ration increased ammonia concentrations, impairing water quality, while Artemia supply provided low concentrations of ammonia, partially due to easy cleaning. Therefore, frozen Artemia nauplii should be used in the curimatã-pacu larviculture.

Objetivou-se avaliar o fornecimento de náuplios de Artemia congelada, ração comercial e co-alimentação com náuplios de Artemia congelada e ração comercial no desempenho produtivo equalidade da água na larvicultura de curimatã-pacu Prochilodus argenteus. As larvas foramcultivadas durante 21 dias, sob os seguintes tratamentos alimentares: 100F (100% ração comercial);67F33A (67% de ração comercial e 33% de náuplios de Artemia congelada); 34F66A (34 de raçãocomercial e 66% de náuplios de Artemia congelada); e 100A (100% de náuplios de Artemiacongelada). As larvas, submetidas aos tratamentos alimentares, não diferiram no desempenho,sobrevivência, peso, comprimentos total e padrão, fator de condição de Fulton e taxa decrescimento específico. O fornecimento de ração comercial aumentou as concentrações de amônia,prejudicando a qualidade da água, enquanto que o fornecimento de Artemia proporcionou baixasconcentrações de amônia, parcialmente devido a fácil limpeza. Portanto, pode-se empregarnáuplios de Artemia congelado na larvicultura do curimatã-pacu.

Commercial feed and frozen Artemia nauplii for curimatã-pacu larvae in first feeding / Ração comercial e náuplios de Artemia congelados na primeira alimentação de larvas de curimatã-pacu

The objective of this work was to evaluate the supply of frozen Artemia nauplii, commercial ration, and co-feed with frozen Artemia nauplii and commercial ration on the productive performance and water quality in the larviculture of curimatã-pacu Prochilodus argenteus. The larvae were cultivated for 21 days under the following feed treatments: 100F (100% commercial feed); 67F33A (67% commercial feed, and 33% fronzen Artemia nauplii); 34F66A (34% commercial feed, and 66% frozen Artemia nauplii); and 100A (100% frozen Artemia nauplii). The larvae, submitted to the feed treatments, did not differ in performance, survival, weight, total and standard lengths, Fultons condition factor and specific growth rate. Commercial ration increased ammonia concentrations, impairing water quality, while Artemia supply provided low concentrations of ammonia, partially due to easy cleaning. Therefore, frozen Artemia nauplii should be used in the curimatã-pacu larviculture.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o fornecimento de náuplios de Artemia congelada, ração comercial e co-alimentação com náuplios de Artemia congelada e ração comercial no desempenho produtivo equalidade da água na larvicultura de curimatã-pacu Prochilodus argenteus. As larvas foramcultivadas durante 21 dias, sob os seguintes tratamentos alimentares: 100F (100% ração comercial);67F33A (67% de ração comercial e 33% de náuplios de Artemia congelada); 34F66A (34 de raçãocomercial e 66% de náuplios de Artemia congelada); e 100A (100% de náuplios de Artemiacongelada). As larvas, submetidas aos tratamentos alimentares, não diferiram no desempenho,sobrevivência, peso, comprimentos total e padrão, fator de condição de Fulton e taxa decrescimento específico. O fornecimento de ração comercial aumentou as concentrações de amônia,prejudicando a qualidade da água, enquanto que o fornecimento de Artemia proporcionou baixasconcentrações de amônia, parcialmente devido a fácil limpeza. Portanto, pode-se empregarnáuplios de Artemia congelado na larvicultura do curimatã-pacu.

Commercial feed and frozen Artemia nauplii for curimatã-pacu larvae in first feeding / Ração comercial e náuplios de Artemia congelados na primeira alimentação de larvas de curimatã-pacu

The objective of this work was to evaluate the supply of frozen Artemia nauplii, commercial ration, and co-feed with frozen Artemia nauplii and commercial ration on the productive performance and water quality in the larviculture of curimatã-pacu Prochilodus argenteus. The larvae were cultivated for 21 days under the following feed treatments: 100F (100% commercial feed); 67F33A (67% commercial feed and 33% fronzen Artemia nauplii); 34F66A (34% commercial feed and 66% frozen Artemia nauplii); and 100A (100% frozen Artemia nauplii). The larvae submitted to the feed treatments did not differ in performance, survival, weight, total and standard lengths, Fultons condition factor and specific growth rate. Commercial ration increased ammonia concentrations, impairing water quality, while Artemia supply provided low concentrations of ammonia, partially due to easy cleaning. Therefore, frozen Artemia nauplii should be used in the curimatã-pacu larviculture.

Objetivou-se avaliar o fornecimento de náuplios de Artemia congelada, ração comercial e coalimentação com náuplios de Artemia congelada e ração comercial no desempenho produtivo e qualidade da água na larvicultura de curimatã-pacu Prochilodus argenteus. As larvas foram cultivadas durante 21 dias sob os seguintes tratamentos alimentares: 100F (100% ração comercial); 67F33A (67% de ração comercial e 33% de náuplios de Artemia congelada); 34F66A (34% de ração comercial e 66% de náuplios de Artemia congelada); e 100A (100% de náuplios de Artemia congelada). As larvas submetidas aos tratamentos alimentares não diferiram no desempenho, sobrevivência, peso, comprimentos total e padrão, fator de condição de Fulton e taxa de crescimento específico. O fornecimento de ração comercial aumentou as concentrações de amônia, prejudicando a qualidade da água, enquanto que o fornecimento de Artemia proporcionou baixas concentrações de amônia, parcialmente devido à fácil limpeza. Portanto, pode-se empregar náuplios de Artemia congelados na larvicultura do curimatã-pacu.