First record of Eremionycha bahiana (Boheman) infesting Tabebuia sp

The Chrysomelidae is the second largest family regarding the number of species within the order Coleoptera. It consists of 37,000 species grouped into 19 subfamilies. Among these subfamilies, most presents species considered agricultural pests ( Chaboo, 2007 ; Laumann et al., 2004 ; Stolar and Bidau, 1997 ). The subfamily Cassidinae has about 6,000 species distributed into 324 genera. They can be found worldwide, with a higher diversity in the tropics, especially in South America and less frequently in North America and Australia ( Chaboo, 2007 ). According to Barney et al. (2007) , the subfamily Cassidinae currently includes two previously recognized subfamilies: Hispinae (“hispines” or leaf-mining beetles) and Cassidinae (tortoise beetles). The species of this subfamily feed on leaves and are associated with the Boraginaceae, Bignoniaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae families, and also associated with other no host plants ( Boldt and Staines, 1993 ; Buzzi, 1988 ; Virkki et al., 1992 ). Coleoptera specimens of all developmental stages were collected manually in plants of the genus Tabebuia sp. (Bignoniaceae) at the Agricultural Sciences Center, Socopo campus, Teresina, Piauí state, located in the campus of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI). They were housed in small cages (transparent plastic pots, 500 mL capacity) and their development was observed at laboratorial conditions. Samples of these insects were sent to a taxonomist for species identification. Images of specimens were obtained using the stereo microscope Hirox at the São Paulo University (Esalq/USP, Piracicaba, SP) Electron Mycroscopy Laboratory and the Nikon SMZ1500 at the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA, Lavras, MG) Electron Microscopy Laboratory.(AU)

Systemic absortion and adverse effects of topical ocular use of ketorolac tromethamine and sodium diclofenac in New Zealand rabbits for 90 days / Absorção sistêmica e efeitos adversos do uso tópico ocular por 90 dias de cetorolaco de trometamina e diclofenacode sódio em coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia

The effect of the systemic absorption of 0.1% diclofenac sodium (DS) eyedrop was compared to that of 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine (KT) in female New Zealand white rabbits treated on both eyes three times a day for 90 days. The rabbits were divided in three groups of six animals (n= 18): KT group, DS group, and control (Co) group, in which saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was instilled. Water and food consumption were measured daily, clinical examination was performed weekly, and blood samples were collected every 30 days for laboratory examination. The plasma was analyzed for the presence of KT and DS by solid-phase extraction (SPE) associated with mass spectrometry (MS). Systemic absorption of these drugs was confirmed by SPE-MS, allowing their separation and identification in the plasma. At the end of the treatment, the animals were euthanized and necropsied, and no macroscopic or microscopic changes were found. This observation confirmed the laboratory results, which were within normal reference standards for the species. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that treatment with eyedrops containing KT and DS for 90 days in healthy rabbits does not cause adverse systemic effects.(AU)

Comparou-se o efeito da absorção sistêmica do colírio de diclofenaco de sódio 0,1% (DS) em relação ao de cetorolaco de trometamina 0,5% (CT) em coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia, tratadas nos dois olhos, três vezes ao dia, por 90 dias. As coelhas foram separadas em três grupos de seis animais (n=18): grupo CT, grupo DS e grupo controle (Co), no qual foi instilada solução fisiológica (NaCl 0,9%). Os consumos de água e ração foram mensurados diariamente, os exames clínicos foram realizados semanalmente e o sangue foi coletado a cada 30 dias para realização de exames laboratoriais. O plasma foi analisado para detectar a presença de CT e DS por extração em fase sólida (SPE) associada à espectrometria de massas (MS). A absorção sistêmica desses fármacos foi confirmada por SPE-MS, permitindo sua separação e identificação no plasma. Ao final do tratamento, os animais foram eutanasiados e necropsiados, e não foram encontradas alterações macroscópicas ou microscópicas. Essa observação confirmou os resultados laboratoriais, que estavam dentro dos padrões de referência para a espécie. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o tratamento com colírio contendo KT e DS, por 90 dias, em coelhos saudáveis, não causa efeitos adversos sistêmicos.(AU)

Systemic absortion and adverse effects of topical ocular use of ketorolac tromethamine and sodium diclofenac in New Zealand rabbits for 90 days / Absorção sistêmica e efeitos adversos do uso tópico ocular por 90 dias de cetorolaco de trometamina e diclofenacode sódio em coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia

The effect of the systemic absorption of 0.1% diclofenac sodium (DS) eyedrop was compared to that of 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine (KT) in female New Zealand white rabbits treated on both eyes three times a day for 90 days. The rabbits were divided in three groups of six animals (n= 18): KT group, DS group, and control (Co) group, in which saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was instilled. Water and food consumption were measured daily, clinical examination was performed weekly, and blood samples were collected every 30 days for laboratory examination. The plasma was analyzed for the presence of KT and DS by solid-phase extraction (SPE) associated with mass spectrometry (MS). Systemic absorption of these drugs was confirmed by SPE-MS, allowing their separation and identification in the plasma. At the end of the treatment, the animals were euthanized and necropsied, and no macroscopic or microscopic changes were found. This observation confirmed the laboratory results, which were within normal reference standards for the species. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that treatment with eyedrops containing KT and DS for 90 days in healthy rabbits does not cause adverse systemic effects.(AU)

Comparou-se o efeito da absorção sistêmica do colírio de diclofenaco de sódio 0,1% (DS) em relação ao de cetorolaco de trometamina 0,5% (CT) em coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia, tratadas nos dois olhos, três vezes ao dia, por 90 dias. As coelhas foram separadas em três grupos de seis animais (n=18): grupo CT, grupo DS e grupo controle (Co), no qual foi instilada solução fisiológica (NaCl 0,9%). Os consumos de água e ração foram mensurados diariamente, os exames clínicos foram realizados semanalmente e o sangue foi coletado a cada 30 dias para realização de exames laboratoriais. O plasma foi analisado para detectar a presença de CT e DS por extração em fase sólida (SPE) associada à espectrometria de massas (MS). A absorção sistêmica desses fármacos foi confirmada por SPE-MS, permitindo sua separação e identificação no plasma. Ao final do tratamento, os animais foram eutanasiados e necropsiados, e não foram encontradas alterações macroscópicas ou microscópicas. Essa observação confirmou os resultados laboratoriais, que estavam dentro dos padrões de referência para a espécie. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o tratamento com colírio contendo KT e DS, por 90 dias, em coelhos saudáveis, não causa efeitos adversos sistêmicos.(AU)

Resistência de genótipos de feijão-caupi ao ataque de Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of 4 genotypes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) to the bean weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775). The genotypes evaluated were BR 17-Gurguéia, BRS Rouxinol, TE96-290-12G and BRS Guariba. Tests were conducted with and without possibility of choice, in a completely randomized design, totaling 4 treatments each with 5 replicates, evaluating the number of eggs, number of emerged insects, egg viability (%) and instantaneous rate of population growth. In the test with possibility of choice the genotype TE96-290-12G was revealed as the most resistant. BRS Rouxinol was the most susceptible genotype.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de quatro genótipos de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) ao caruncho Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775). Os genótipos utilizados foram BR 17-Gurguéia, BRS Rouxinol, TE96-290-12G e BRS Guariba. Foram realizados testes com e sem chance de escolha, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, totalizando 4 tratamentos cada um com 5 repetições, avaliando-se número de ovos, número de insetos emergidos, viabilidade de ovos (%) e taxa instantânea de crescimento populacional. Nos testes com e sem chance de escolha, o genótipo TE96-290-12G mostrou-se como o mais resistente. BRS Rouxinol foi o genótipo mais suscetível.

Resistência de genótipos de feijão-caupi ao ataque de Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) / Resistance of genotypes of cowpea to the attack of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de quatro genótipos de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) ao caruncho Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775). Os genótipos utilizados foram BR 17-Gurguéia, BRS Rouxinol, TE96-290-12G e BRS Guariba. Foram realizados testes com e sem chance de escolha, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, totalizando 4 tratamentos cada um com 5 repetições, avaliando-se número de ovos, número de insetos emergidos, viabilidade de ovos (%) e taxa instantânea de crescimento populacional. Nos testes com e sem chance de escolha, o genótipo TE96-290-12G mostrou-se como o mais resistente. BRS Rouxinol foi o genótipo mais suscetível.

RESISTANCE OF GENOTYPES OF COWPEA TO THE ATTACK OF CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (FABR., 1775) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: BRUCHINAE). The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of 4 genotypes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) to the bean weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775). The genotypes evaluated were BR 17-Gurguéia, BRS Rouxinol, TE96-290-12G and BRS Guariba. Tests were conducted with and without possibility of choice, in a completely randomized design, totaling 4 treatments each with 5 replicates, evaluating the number of eggs, number of emerged insects, egg viability (%) and instantaneous rate of population growth. In the test with possibility of choice the genotype TE96-290-12G was revealed as the most resistant. BRS Rouxinol was the most susceptible genotype.

Resistência de genótipos de feijão-caupi ao ataque de Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) / Resistance of genotypes of cowpea to the attack of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de quatro genótipos de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) ao caruncho Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775). Os genótipos utilizados foram BR 17-Gurguéia, BRS Rouxinol, TE96-290-12G e BRS Guariba. Foram realizados testes com e sem chance de escolha, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, totalizando 4 tratamentos cada um com 5 repetições, avaliando-se número de ovos, número de insetos emergidos, viabilidade de ovos (%) e taxa instantânea de crescimento populacional. Nos testes com e sem chance de escolha, o genótipo TE96-290-12G mostrou-se como o mais resistente. BRS Rouxinol foi o genótipo mais suscetível. (AU)

RESISTANCE OF GENOTYPES OF COWPEA TO THE ATTACK OF CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (FABR., 1775) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: BRUCHINAE). The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of 4 genotypes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) to the bean weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775). The genotypes evaluated were BR 17-Gurguéia, BRS Rouxinol, TE96-290-12G and BRS Guariba. Tests were conducted with and without possibility of choice, in a completely randomized design, totaling 4 treatments each with 5 replicates, evaluating the number of eggs, number of emerged insects, egg viability (%) and instantaneous rate of population growth. In the test with possibility of choice the genotype TE96-290-12G was revealed as the most resistant. BRS Rouxinol was the most susceptible genotype. (AU)

Efficacy of florfenicol and intravenous fluid therapy for treatment of experimental salmonellosis in newborn calves / Eficácia do florfenicol e da fluidoterapia parenteral no tratamento da salmonelose experimental em bezerros neonatos

The efficacy of florfenicol associated or not to intravenous fluid therapy for treatment of Salmonella Dublin-infected calves was determined. Twenty-four healthy 10 to 15-day-old Holstein calves were randomly allotted into four groups, with six animals each: control (group 1); infected with 10(8)CFU Salmonella Dublin and not treated (group 2); infected with 10(8)CFU Salmonella Dublin and treated with florfenicol (group 3); and infected with 10(8)CFU Salmonella Dublin and treated with florfenicol associated to fluid therapy (group 4). All animals were submitted to physical examination just before inoculation and every 24 hours, during seven days after experimental infection. Rectal swabs and blood samples were collected for Salmonella Dublin isolation and pH and blood electrolytes determination. The experimental infection with Salmonella Dublin induced clinical signs of salmonellosis, such as diarrhea and fever, and caused reduction in blood concentrations of pH, sodium, potassium and chlorides. The treated calves showed good clinical recovery, and the group treated with antibiotic in combination to fluid therapy presented a faster and more efficient correction of the hydro-electrolyte balance.(AU)

Avaliou-se a eficácia terapêutica do florfenicol associado ou não à fluidoterapia intravenosa no tratamento de bezerros infectados experimentalmente com Salmonella Dublin. Foram utilizados 24 bezerros sadios da raça Holandesa com 10 a 15 dias de idade, distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais, constituídos por seis animais cada: controle (grupo 1); infectado com 10(8)UFC de Salmonella Dublin e não tratado (grupo 2); infectado com 10(8)UFC de Salmonella Dublin e tratado com florfenicol (grupo 3); e infectado com 10(8)UFC de Salmonella Dublin (grupo 4) e tratado com florfenicol associado à fluidoterapia. Todos os animais foram submetidos ao exame físico logo antes da inoculação e a cada 24 horas, durante sete dias após a infecção experimental. Foram colhidas amostras de suabes retais para o isolamento de Salmonella Dublin e amostras de sangue para determinação dos valores de pH e dosagem de eletrólitos sanguíneos. A infecção experimental com Salmonella Dublin induziu sinais clínicos de salmonelose, como diarreia e febre, e provocou redução do valor do pH e das concentrações sanguíneas de sódio, potássio e cloreto. Os bezerros submetidos aos tratamentos mostraram boa recuperação clínica, sendo que o grupo tratado com antibiótico combinado à fluidoterapia apresentou correção mais rápida e eficiente do equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico.(AU)

Hemograma e perfil bioquímico sérico, inclusive hemogasométrico, de bezerros infectados experimentalmente com Salmonella Dublin / Blood cell counts and serum biochemical profile, including blood gas levels, in Salmonella Dublin-infected calves

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o hemograma e o perfil bioquímico sérico, inclusive hemogasométrico, de bezerros infectados experimentalmente com Salmonella Dublin. Foram utilizados 12 bezerros sadios da raça Holandesa com 10 a 15 dias de idade, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais: grupo-controle (n= 6) e grupo infectado com 10(8)UFC de Salmonella Dublin (n=6). Os bezerros foram submetidos ao exame físico diário, e as amostras de sangue foram coletadas minutos antes da inoculação (0h) e 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 e 168h após a inoculação. Além do hemograma e das análises hemogasométricas, foram mensuradas as atividades séricas das enzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina (ALP), creatina cinase (CK), gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH), e os teores de albumina, bilirrubinas, cálcio total, cálcio ionizado, sódio, potássio, cloretos, creatinina, ferro, fibrinogênio, fósforo, glicose, magnésio, proteína totais e ureia. As principais alterações foram: redução das concentrações de albumina, ferro, glicose, magnésio e proteína total, aumento do teor de fibrinogênio, leucocitose e acidose metabólica e hiponatremia.(AU)

The blood cell counts and biochemical profile, including blood gas levels, were evaluated, in Salmonella Dublin-infected calves. Twelve healthy 10 to 15-day old Holstein calves were randomly allotted into two groups: control (n=6) and group orally infected with 10(8) CFU Salmonella Dublin (n=6). The calves were submitted to physical examination and the blood samples were taken just before the inoculation (0h) and at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168h later. Besides, blood cell counts, blood gas levels, and the serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT), lactate desidrogenase (LDH), albumin, bilirubin, total calcium, ionic calcium, sodium, potassium, chlorides, creatinine, iron, fibrinogen, phosphorus, glucose, magnesium, total protein, and urea were measured. The main findings included decrease in albumin, iron, glucose, magnesium, and total protein concentrations, and increase in fibrinogen level, leukocytosis, metabolic acidosis, and hyponatremia.(AU)

Avaliação da reação em cadeia da polimerase e do isolamento bacteriológico convencional na detecção de Salmonella Dublin em amostras de fezes de bezerros infectados experimentalmente / Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction and standard microbiological techniques for detection of Salmonella Dublin in fecal samples of infected calves

The efficiency of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) combined with selective enrichment broth was compared with the standard microbiological techniques for detection of Salmonella Dublin in fecal samples of 10 to 15-days-old Holstein calves, experimentally infected with 10(8) CFU of Salmonella Dublin. Seventy-six fecal samples were analyzed using PCR associated with selenite cystine (SC) and Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate (TMK) broths and standard microbiological techniques. Regardless of the selective enrichment broth used, the standard microbiological techniques were significantly better than PCR in detection of positive samples of Salmonella Dublin. However, the simultaneous use of both techniques provided detection of a larger number of positive samples. The SC broth was the best option as selective enrichment in both techniques.(AU)

Avaliação clínica da infecção experimental de bezerros com Salmonella Dublin / Clinical evaluation of experimental Salmonella Dublin infection in calves

The clinical conditions of healthy calves infected with experimental 10(8)CFU of Salmonella Dublin were evaluated and the viability of the experimental model in disease induction in calves was verified. Twelve 10 to 15-day-old male Holstein calves were examined. They were allocated into two groups, control and experimentally infected with 10(8)CFU of Salmonella Dublin. Animals were submitted to clinical examination after inoculation and at every 12 hours, during seven days after the experimental infection. Samples of rectal swabs were collected for Salmonella Dublin isolation. All animals had severe diarrhea, with mucus and bleeding, 12 to 84 hours after the experimental infection with Salmonella Dublin, accompanied by fever, dehydration and respiratory signs. The isolation of Salmonella Dublin from rectal swabs occurred 12 hours after the infection. Two out of the six animals inoculated with Salmonella Dublin died with symptoms of enteritis, fibrinous pneumonia, centrilobular hepatic steatosis, hepatocyte necrosis, spleen congestion, interstitial nephritis, and tubular degeneration. Thus, the oral administration of 10(8)CFU of Salmonella Dublin induced clinical signs of salmonellosis in 10 to 15-day-old calves.(AU)

Proteinograma sérico de veados-catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira) criados em cativeiro obtido por eletroforese em gel de agarose e de poliacrilamida (SDS PAGE) / Serum protein concentrations of captive brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) determined by means of agarosis and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide (SDS-PAGE) gel electrophoresis

The serum protein concentrations of brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) obtained by agarosis gel and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide (SDS-PAGE) gel were determined from blood samples of ten adult healthy animals (six females and four males), monthly collected in the morning, during 12 months. The animals, maintained in individual stable and protected from noise, received ad libitum a diet of comercial ration and green roughage. Serum protein concentrations in agarosis gel revealed the presence of four protein fractions: albumin, alphaglobulin, betaglobulin, and gammaglobulin. Only serum concentrations of albumin were influenced by season, being values in spring higher than values in summer (4.15 x 3.64g/dl). Serum concentrations of albumin (4.05 x 3.75g/dl) were higher for female and alphaglobulin (0.39 x 0.53g/dl) werehigher for males. Results showed 34 proteins with molecular weights ranging from 18kD to 165kD. Significant differences between at least two seasons were found on values of 11 proteins. In conclusion, on account of the 10 animals been maintained in the same physical space and submitted to the same handling system, physiological variations, which are characteristic of this species, can be apointed as the reason of these differences.(AU)