Resumo
Background: Gastric dilatation volvulus syndrome (GDV) is an acute and severe disease affecting specially dogs of big breeds. It is a severe illness, which may have a high risk of death if not treated quickly. GDV consists in stomach acute dilatation and rotation, resulting in decrease of gastric and splenic infusion, in addition to the obstruction of abdominal venous return. The aim of this research was to analyze clinical pathological findings of dogs with GDV diagnosis in which necropsy was performed. Materials, Methods & Results: The necropsy records were reviewed from January 2001 to December 2011 to identify these cases. In the period, 4877 autopsies were performed by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), being 55 cases (1.15%) of GDV. Four main breeds were identified: Fila Brasileiro (43.6%), Great Dane (12.7%), German Shepherd (10.9%) and Boxer (5.4%). Clinical signs such as bloating, lethargy and dyspnoea were reported. At necropsy, the findings that consisted with gastric alterations were stomach distention due to accumulation of gas, dark red mucosa, and rotations of 90 to 360 especially clockwise. Splenomegaly was observed in 96.36% of dogs and V-shaped spleen in 60%. There was compressive atelectasis in 38.18% of autopsies. The main histological findings in the stomach were characterized by congestion, hemo
Síndrome dilatação vólvulo gástrica (DVG) é uma enfermidade comum em cães, principalmente, nos de grande porte. É uma enfermidade grave, com alto risco de óbito caso não seja realizado um rápido tratamento clínico e/ou cirúrgico. A taxa de mortalidade varia entre 10 a 45%. A DVG consiste na dilatação aguda e na rotação do estômago, o que resulta num quadro de diminuição da perfusão gástrica e esplênica, além da obstrução do retorno venoso abdominal. Complicações da DVG ocorrem em pouco tempo, como necrose da parede do estômago, arritmias ventriculares, coagulopatias, desenvolvimento de choque hipovolêmico, acidose metabólica e hipocalemia. Inúmeros fatores são citados como predisponentes da síndrome, dentre eles: maior ocorrência em caninos de porte grande ou gigante, cães de raças de tórax profundo, aerofagia, alimentação excessiva, flacidez de ligamento gastrohepático, exercício pós-prandial e o acometimento de animais mais velhos. [...]
Resumo
Background: Congenital anomalies are structural and functional abnormalities that are present at birth, and they are frequently the result of environmental or genetic factors or both. Their etiology may also be related to infectious agents, such as viruses, hereditary factors, or the ingestion of toxic plants or chemical agents. Congenital anomalies usually occur sporadically, but they also can occur as outbreaks. The objective of this paper is to describe the multiple congenital malformations observed in an aborted bovine fetus.Case: A bovine fetus was sent to Laboratory Veterinary Pathology UFRGS for necropsy, histological analysis and complementary exams such as bacteriology, direct immunofl uorescence for Leptospira sp. and immunohistochemistry for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The fetus presented multiple congenital alterations, such as dextraposition of the aorta and absence of the pulmonary artery, tracheal stenosis, a hypoplastic lung, multiple heart defects, arthrogryposis, osteopetrosis, and the absence of the middle phalanx and accessory digits in the forelimbs. Furthermore, dystocia and enlargement of the liver were observed, the organ showed irregular surface, fi rm consistency and nodular formation. A histological exam verifi ed the accentuated hepatic periportal fi brosis. All complementary exams were negative.Discussion: Congenital anomalies can affect onl
Background: Congenital anomalies are structural and functional abnormalities that are present at birth, and they are frequently the result of environmental or genetic factors or both. Their etiology may also be related to infectious agents, such as viruses, hereditary factors, or the ingestion of toxic plants or chemical agents. Congenital anomalies usually occur sporadically, but they also can occur as outbreaks. The objective of this paper is to describe the multiple congenital malformations observed in an aborted bovine fetus.Case: A bovine fetus was sent to Laboratory Veterinary Pathology UFRGS for necropsy, histological analysis and complementary exams such as bacteriology, direct immunofl uorescence for Leptospira sp. and immunohistochemistry for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The fetus presented multiple congenital alterations, such as dextraposition of the aorta and absence of the pulmonary artery, tracheal stenosis, a hypoplastic lung, multiple heart defects, arthrogryposis, osteopetrosis, and the absence of the middle phalanx and accessory digits in the forelimbs. Furthermore, dystocia and enlargement of the liver were observed, the organ showed irregular surface, fi rm consistency and nodular formation. A histological exam verifi ed the accentuated hepatic periportal fi brosis. All complementary exams were negative.Discussion: Congenital anomalies can affect onl
Resumo
Background: Chondrodysplasia is a congenital anomaly related to defects of the genes that control the chondrogenesis. This anomaly is described in many breeds of cattle and consanguineous matings increases the likelihood of developing defective traits. There are three distinct syndromes known: Dexter, Telemark and Brachycephalic type. The chondrodysplasia Dexter type syndrome is associated to an incompletely dominant gene, which occurs in Dexter and Holstein breeds more frequently, yet Charolais and Jersey can also be affected. There are three recognized phenotypes in this form of disease: severe achondroplasia, with abortion before the seventh month of gestation (monster Dexter), when related to dominant homozygous; chondrodisplasia with limbs shortening, when heterozygous; and normal animals, when recessive homozygous. The objective of this paper is to describe Dexter chondrodysplasia observed in two bovine fetuses examined by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS).Case: The necropsy of two aborted bovine calves was performed by the SPV-UFRGS. The Fetus 1 did not have data, neither clinical history. The Fetus 2, a Jersey breed calf, was in the last third of gestation and came from a property with Jersey and mini-Jersey herd. Natural mating was used for reproduction, with only one bull. Macroscopic alterations observed in
Background: Chondrodysplasia is a congenital anomaly related to defects of the genes that control the chondrogenesis. This anomaly is described in many breeds of cattle and consanguineous matings increases the likelihood of developing defective traits. There are three distinct syndromes known: Dexter, Telemark and Brachycephalic type. The chondrodysplasia Dexter type syndrome is associated to an incompletely dominant gene, which occurs in Dexter and Holstein breeds more frequently, yet Charolais and Jersey can also be affected. There are three recognized phenotypes in this form of disease: severe achondroplasia, with abortion before the seventh month of gestation (monster Dexter), when related to dominant homozygous; chondrodisplasia with limbs shortening, when heterozygous; and normal animals, when recessive homozygous. The objective of this paper is to describe Dexter chondrodysplasia observed in two bovine fetuses examined by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS).Case: The necropsy of two aborted bovine calves was performed by the SPV-UFRGS. The Fetus 1 did not have data, neither clinical history. The Fetus 2, a Jersey breed calf, was in the last third of gestation and came from a property with Jersey and mini-Jersey herd. Natural mating was used for reproduction, with only one bull. Macroscopic alterations observed in
Resumo
Background: Chondrodysplasia is a congenital anomaly related to defects of the genes that control the chondrogenesis. This anomaly is described in many breeds of cattle and consanguineous matings increases the likelihood of developing defective traits. There are three distinct syndromes known: Dexter, Telemark and Brachycephalic type. The chondrodysplasia Dexter type syndrome is associated to an incompletely dominant gene, which occurs in Dexter and Holstein breeds more frequently, yet Charolais and Jersey can also be affected. There are three recognized phenotypes in this form of disease: severe achondroplasia, with abortion before the seventh month of gestation (monster Dexter), when related to dominant homozygous; chondrodisplasia with limbs shortening, when heterozygous; and normal animals, when recessive homozygous. The objective of this paper is to describe Dexter chondrodysplasia observed in two bovine fetuses examined by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS).Case: The necropsy of two aborted bovine calves was performed by the SPV-UFRGS. The Fetus 1 did not have data, neither clinical history. The Fetus 2, a Jersey breed calf, was in the last third of gestation and came from a property with Jersey and mini-Jersey herd. Natural mating was used for reproduction, with only one bull. Macroscopic alterations observed in
Background: Chondrodysplasia is a congenital anomaly related to defects of the genes that control the chondrogenesis. This anomaly is described in many breeds of cattle and consanguineous matings increases the likelihood of developing defective traits. There are three distinct syndromes known: Dexter, Telemark and Brachycephalic type. The chondrodysplasia Dexter type syndrome is associated to an incompletely dominant gene, which occurs in Dexter and Holstein breeds more frequently, yet Charolais and Jersey can also be affected. There are three recognized phenotypes in this form of disease: severe achondroplasia, with abortion before the seventh month of gestation (monster Dexter), when related to dominant homozygous; chondrodisplasia with limbs shortening, when heterozygous; and normal animals, when recessive homozygous. The objective of this paper is to describe Dexter chondrodysplasia observed in two bovine fetuses examined by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS).Case: The necropsy of two aborted bovine calves was performed by the SPV-UFRGS. The Fetus 1 did not have data, neither clinical history. The Fetus 2, a Jersey breed calf, was in the last third of gestation and came from a property with Jersey and mini-Jersey herd. Natural mating was used for reproduction, with only one bull. Macroscopic alterations observed in
Resumo
Background: Gastric dilatation volvulus syndrome (GDV) is an acute and severe disease affecting specially dogs of big breeds. It is a severe illness, which may have a high risk of death if not treated quickly. GDV consists in stomach acute dilatation and rotation, resulting in decrease of gastric and splenic infusion, in addition to the obstruction of abdominal venous return. The aim of this research was to analyze clinical pathological findings of dogs with GDV diagnosis in which necropsy was performed. Materials, Methods & Results: The necropsy records were reviewed from January 2001 to December 2011 to identify these cases. In the period, 4877 autopsies were performed by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), being 55 cases (1.15%) of GDV. Four main breeds were identified: Fila Brasileiro (43.6%), Great Dane (12.7%), German Shepherd (10.9%) and Boxer (5.4%). Clinical signs such as bloating, lethargy and dyspnoea were reported. At necropsy, the findings that consisted with gastric alterations were stomach distention due to accumulation of gas, dark red mucosa, and rotations of 90 to 360 especially clockwise. Splenomegaly was observed in 96.36% of dogs and V-shaped spleen in 60%. There was compressive atelectasis in 38.18% of autopsies. The main histological findings in the stomach were characterized by congestion, hemo
Síndrome dilatação vólvulo gástrica (DVG) é uma enfermidade comum em cães, principalmente, nos de grande porte. É uma enfermidade grave, com alto risco de óbito caso não seja realizado um rápido tratamento clínico e/ou cirúrgico. A taxa de mortalidade varia entre 10 a 45%. A DVG consiste na dilatação aguda e na rotação do estômago, o que resulta num quadro de diminuição da perfusão gástrica e esplênica, além da obstrução do retorno venoso abdominal. Complicações da DVG ocorrem em pouco tempo, como necrose da parede do estômago, arritmias ventriculares, coagulopatias, desenvolvimento de choque hipovolêmico, acidose metabólica e hipocalemia. Inúmeros fatores são citados como predisponentes da síndrome, dentre eles: maior ocorrência em caninos de porte grande ou gigante, cães de raças de tórax profundo, aerofagia, alimentação excessiva, flacidez de ligamento gastrohepático, exercício pós-prandial e o acometimento de animais mais velhos. [...]
Resumo
Background: Congenital anomalies are structural and functional abnormalities that are present at birth, and they are frequently the result of environmental or genetic factors or both. Their etiology may also be related to infectious agents, such as viruses, hereditary factors, or the ingestion of toxic plants or chemical agents. Congenital anomalies usually occur sporadically, but they also can occur as outbreaks. The objective of this paper is to describe the multiple congenital malformations observed in an aborted bovine fetus.Case: A bovine fetus was sent to Laboratory Veterinary Pathology UFRGS for necropsy, histological analysis and complementary exams such as bacteriology, direct immunofl uorescence for Leptospira sp. and immunohistochemistry for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The fetus presented multiple congenital alterations, such as dextraposition of the aorta and absence of the pulmonary artery, tracheal stenosis, a hypoplastic lung, multiple heart defects, arthrogryposis, osteopetrosis, and the absence of the middle phalanx and accessory digits in the forelimbs. Furthermore, dystocia and enlargement of the liver were observed, the organ showed irregular surface, fi rm consistency and nodular formation. A histological exam verifi ed the accentuated hepatic periportal fi brosis. All complementary exams were negative.Discussion: Congenital anomalies can affect onl
Background: Congenital anomalies are structural and functional abnormalities that are present at birth, and they are frequently the result of environmental or genetic factors or both. Their etiology may also be related to infectious agents, such as viruses, hereditary factors, or the ingestion of toxic plants or chemical agents. Congenital anomalies usually occur sporadically, but they also can occur as outbreaks. The objective of this paper is to describe the multiple congenital malformations observed in an aborted bovine fetus.Case: A bovine fetus was sent to Laboratory Veterinary Pathology UFRGS for necropsy, histological analysis and complementary exams such as bacteriology, direct immunofl uorescence for Leptospira sp. and immunohistochemistry for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The fetus presented multiple congenital alterations, such as dextraposition of the aorta and absence of the pulmonary artery, tracheal stenosis, a hypoplastic lung, multiple heart defects, arthrogryposis, osteopetrosis, and the absence of the middle phalanx and accessory digits in the forelimbs. Furthermore, dystocia and enlargement of the liver were observed, the organ showed irregular surface, fi rm consistency and nodular formation. A histological exam verifi ed the accentuated hepatic periportal fi brosis. All complementary exams were negative.Discussion: Congenital anomalies can affect onl