Powdered coconut water (ACP 406®) as an alternative base culture medium for in vitro culture of goat preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue

This study evaluated a powdered coconut water solution (ACP 406®) as a base culture medium on the in vitro survival and development of in situ goat preantral follicles. The ovarian fragments were either immediately fixed in Carnoy solution (non-cultured control) or individually cultured for 2 or 6 days. The following culture media (all containing 100 μg/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin) were evaluated: α-MEM (α-MEM alone, without additional supplementation); α-MEM+ (supplemented α-MEM); ACP (ACP®406 alone); or ACP+ (supplemented ACP®406). Additional supplementation includes: 1.25 mg/mL bovine serum albumin, 10 μg/mL insulin, 5.5 μg/mL transferrin, 5 ng/mL selenium, 2 mM glutamine, and 2 mM hypoxanthine. The endpoints (i) follicular morphology; (ii) development; (iii) estradiol production; and (iv) reactive oxygen species (ROS) were recorded. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Turkey, t-test or One-Way ANOVA. Differences were considered significant when P < 0.05. At day 2 of culture, a greater (P < 0.05) percentage of morphologically normal follicles was observed between ACP+ and ACP treatments. Moreover, at day 2 of culture, no hormonal difference (P < 0.05) was observed between ACP+ and both α-MEM treatments. At day 6 of culture when ACP and α-MEM treatments were compared the percentage of healthy follicles were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. Overall, all treatments had lower primordial follicles (P < 0.05) accompany by greater developing follicles (P < 0.05) percentages than non-cultured control treatment, indicating primordial follicle activation. However, at day 6 of culture, the percentage of primordial follicle development were similar (P > 0.05) among the treatments. Likewise, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed for ROS production and follicular and oocyte diameters among treatments. Therefore, ACP+ has the equivalent efficiency to MEM+ in maintaining the survival and development of goat preantral follicles, representing an alternative plant-based low-cost culture medium for in vitro culture.(AU)

Powdered coconut water (ACP 406®) as an alternative base culture medium for in vitro culture of goat preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue

This study evaluated a powdered coconut water solution (ACP 406®) as a base culture medium on the in vitro survival and development of in situ goat preantral follicles. The ovarian fragments were either immediately fixed in Carnoy solution (non-cultured control) or individually cultured for 2 or 6 days. The following culture media (all containing 100 μg/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin) were evaluated: α-MEM (α-MEM alone, without additional supplementation); α-MEM+ (supplemented α-MEM); ACP (ACP®406 alone); or ACP+ (supplemented ACP®406). Additional supplementation includes: 1.25 mg/mL bovine serum albumin, 10 μg/mL insulin, 5.5 μg/mL transferrin, 5 ng/mL selenium, 2 mM glutamine, and 2 mM hypoxanthine. The endpoints (i) follicular morphology; (ii) development; (iii) estradiol production; and (iv) reactive oxygen species (ROS) were recorded. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Turkey, t-test or One-Way ANOVA. Differences were considered significant when P 0.05) among treatments. Overall, all treatments had lower primordial follicles (P 0.05) among the treatments. Likewise, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed for ROS production and follicular and oocyte diameters among treatments. Therefore, ACP+ has the equivalent efficiency to MEM+ in maintaining the survival and development of goat preantral follicles, representing an alternative plant-based low-cost culture medium for in vitro culture.

Avaliação morfométrica do processo espermatogênico de ratos Wistar adultos expostos ao ácido2, 4diclorofenoxiacético associado ao picloram (TORDON 2,4-D ® 64/240 BR) / Morphometric evaluation of the spermatogenic process of adults wistar rats exposed to the 2, 4diclorophenoxiacetic acid associated to picloram (TORDON 2,4-D® 64/240 BR)

Thirty adult male wistar rats were used in five groups. Two groups received oral treatment withaqueous solution of TORDON 2,4-D®64/240 BR in different concentrations; group O1: 2 ml.L-1(n = 6); groupO2: 4 ml.L-1(n = 6). Two groups received topical treatment in the dorsal cervical area, the followingconcentrations were used, group T1: 16.7 ml.L-1(n = 6), and group T2: 400 ml.L-1(n = 6). A control group wasused without the addition of the herbicide (n = 6). At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized; thetestes were collected and fixed for subsequent histological analysis in light microscope. The T1 group showedincrease in albuginea weight (P < 0.05). The animals of the O2 group showed significant reduction (P < 0.05) ofthe height of seminiferous epithelium. The animals of the O1 and T2 groups did not present harmful effects onthe spermatogenic morphometry.

Trinta ratos Wistar adultos foram usados em cinco grupos. Dois grupos receberam tratamento porvia oral com solução aquosa de 2,4-D Tordon®64/240 BR, em diferentes concentrações, grupo O1: 2 ml.L-1(n =6), grupo de O2: 4 ml.L-1(n = 6). Dois grupos receberam tratamento tópico na região cervical dorsal, foramusadas as seguintes concentrações, grupo T1: 16,7 ml.L-1(n = 6), e um grupo T2: 400 ml.L-1(n = 6). Um grupocontrole foi utilizado sem a adição do herbicida (n = 6). No fim do experimento, os animais foram eutanaziados,os testículos foram removidos e fixados para posterior análise histológica em microscópio de luz. Os animais dogrupo T1 apresentaram aumento no peso da albugínea (P < 0,05). Os animais do grupo de O2 mostraram reduçãosignificativa (P < 0,05) da altura do epitélio seminífero. Os animais dos grupos O1 e T2 não apresentaram efeitosnocivos sobre a morfometria espermatogênica.

Avaliação morfométrica do processo espermatogênico de ratos Wistar adultos expostos ao ácido2, 4diclorofenoxiacético associado ao picloram (TORDON 2,4-D ® 64/240 BR) / Morphometric evaluation of the spermatogenic process of adults wistar rats exposed to the 2, 4diclorophenoxiacetic acid associated to picloram (TORDON 2,4-D® 64/240 BR)

Thirty adult male wistar rats were used in five groups. Two groups received oral treatment withaqueous solution of TORDON 2,4-D®64/240 BR in different concentrations; group O1: 2 ml.L-1(n = 6); groupO2: 4 ml.L-1(n = 6). Two groups received topical treatment in the dorsal cervical area, the followingconcentrations were used, group T1: 16.7 ml.L-1(n = 6), and group T2: 400 ml.L-1(n = 6). A control group wasused without the addition of the herbicide (n = 6). At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized; thetestes were collected and fixed for subsequent histological analysis in light microscope. The T1 group showedincrease in albuginea weight (P < 0.05). The animals of the O2 group showed significant reduction (P < 0.05) ofthe height of seminiferous epithelium. The animals of the O1 and T2 groups did not present harmful effects onthe spermatogenic morphometry.(AU)

Trinta ratos Wistar adultos foram usados em cinco grupos. Dois grupos receberam tratamento porvia oral com solução aquosa de 2,4-D Tordon®64/240 BR, em diferentes concentrações, grupo O1: 2 ml.L-1(n =6), grupo de O2: 4 ml.L-1(n = 6). Dois grupos receberam tratamento tópico na região cervical dorsal, foramusadas as seguintes concentrações, grupo T1: 16,7 ml.L-1(n = 6), e um grupo T2: 400 ml.L-1(n = 6). Um grupocontrole foi utilizado sem a adição do herbicida (n = 6). No fim do experimento, os animais foram eutanaziados,os testículos foram removidos e fixados para posterior análise histológica em microscópio de luz. Os animais dogrupo T1 apresentaram aumento no peso da albugínea (P < 0,05). Os animais do grupo de O2 mostraram reduçãosignificativa (P < 0,05) da altura do epitélio seminífero. Os animais dos grupos O1 e T2 não apresentaram efeitosnocivos sobre a morfometria espermatogênica.(AU)

Efeito da alteração do peso corporal sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas leiteiras submetidas a diferentes níveis nutricionais no pré e no pós-parto / Effect of Bodyweight Changes on Reproductive Perfomance in Dairy Cattle Cows under Two Levels of Nutrition during Pre-and Post-partum

A alteração do peso corporal foi avaliada em 40 vacas de três graus de sangue, distribuídas em quatro tratamentos (T1, T2, T3 e T4), com variação no nível de suplementação concentrada nos períodos pré (N = normal e A = alta) e pós-parto (N1 = normal e A1 + alta). Diferença significativa (P < 0,05) foi observada entre os graus de sangue em relação à alteração do peso corporal das fêmeas nos dias 30 e 60 do período pós-parto. Observou-se que animais com maior taxa de ganho de peso apresentaram menor intervalo, em dias, do parto à concepção: T2 = 83; T1 = 1 09,3; T4 = 114, T3 = 156,3.

The bodyweight changes were observed in 40 breeding dairy cows distributed in 4 treatments (T1, T2, T3, and T4) with variation in the leveis of concentrate supplementation in pre-partum: N = nor-mal and H = high and post-partum: N1 = normal and H i = high, where, T1 = HN1, T2 = NH1, T3 = HH1 and T4 = NN1 ). Significative difference (P < 0,05) was observed between treatments in relation to changes of bodyweight between breeding dairy cows in the days 30 and 60 postpartum. lt was observed that animais with major gain weight showed shorter interval between parturition and conception (T2 = 83.0, T1 = 1 09.3, T4 = 114.00 and T3 = 156.3).