Implementation of a project for the organic agriculture experience in rural schools: climate studies, vegetable gardens, and free-range poultry productionˆien

The aim of this study was the implementation of school vegetable gardens using recyclable materials, as a methodological tool and interdisciplinary practices related to family agriculture. A descriptive methodology and field study was used. The community's wishes on the school were diagnosed, and recyclable materials that could be inappropriately discarded in the environment were used. For better representation was used AutoCAD software. Through this study, it was possible to plan two types of vegetable gardens (nursery bed and mandala style). The nursery bed will be produced greens and vegetables and, for the mandala type a study was developed for the adequacy of vegetable and animal production with the use of equipment: a pet bottle greenhouse for the seedlings production, and a mobile chicken coop (animal husbandry) on the vacant ground for the ground preparation, and a earthworm, which will be used as composting in deterioration process of organic matter from and transforming this waste into fertilizer for the flowerbed. The crops used will be greens and vegetables for school feeding and production of fruit tree seedlings, which will be destined to the community. Will still have instruments for meteorological studies (pluviometer and, dry bulb and wet bulb thermometer). The activities carried out in the vegetable garden contribute to the modification of students' habits and attitudes about their perception of nature, the awareness formation of respect and care, the need to conserve the environment and stimulate the quest for improving the life quality and, in others ways to see the activities carried out by their own parents in the field.(AU)

Implementation of a project for the organic agriculture experience in rural schools: climate studies, vegetable gardens, and free-range poultry productionˆien

The aim of this study was the implementation of school vegetable gardens using recyclable materials, as a methodological tool and interdisciplinary practices related to family agriculture. A descriptive methodology and field study was used. The community's wishes on the school were diagnosed, and recyclable materials that could be inappropriately discarded in the environment were used. For better representation was used AutoCAD software. Through this study, it was possible to plan two types of vegetable gardens (nursery bed and mandala style). The nursery bed will be produced greens and vegetables and, for the mandala type a study was developed for the adequacy of vegetable and animal production with the use of equipment: a pet bottle greenhouse for the seedlings production, and a mobile chicken coop (animal husbandry) on the vacant ground for the ground preparation, and a earthworm, which will be used as composting in deterioration process of organic matter from and transforming this waste into fertilizer for the flowerbed. The crops used will be greens and vegetables for school feeding and production of fruit tree seedlings, which will be destined to the community. Will still have instruments for meteorological studies (pluviometer and, dry bulb and wet bulb thermometer). The activities carried out in the vegetable garden contribute to the modification of students' habits and attitudes about their perception of nature, the awareness formation of respect and care, the need to conserve the environment and stimulate the quest for improving the life quality and, in others ways to see the activities carried out by their own parents in the field.

Plantas tóxicas para ruminantes e eqüídeos no Norte Piauiense / Toxic plants for ruminants and equidae in Northern Piauí

Este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento sobre as plantas tóxicas para ruminantes e equídeos na Mesorregião Norte do Piauí. Foram feitas 71 entrevistas a médicos veterinários, engenheiros agrônomos, técnicos agrícolas e produtores de 16 municípios, entrevistando pelo menos quatro pessoas por município. As plantas comprovadamente tóxicas que foram apontadas com maior frequência na região estudada foram Ipomoea asarifolia, que causa intoxicações em pequenos ruminantes em todas as áreas visitadas. Stryphnodendron coriaceum pelas mortes que ocasiona é, aparentemente, a planta que causa maiores perdas econômicas na mesorregião estudada. Enterolobium contortisiliquum também foi citada como causa importante de sinais digestivos, abortamentos e fotossensibilização em bovinos da região. Os entrevistados confirmaram a ocorrência de surtos de intoxicação em bovinos por Thiloa glaucocarpa no inicio do período chuvoso. Manihot spp. e Piptadenia macrocarpa são plantas cianogênicas apontadas como causa de mortes superagudas em bovinos. Outras plantas relatadas como tóxicas pelos entrevistados, mas sem que haja comprovação de sua toxicidade, foram Buchenavia tomentosa, Caesalpinia sp., Brunfelsia sp., Luetzelburgia sp., Hybantus ipecaconha, Phisalys angulata e Spondias luta. De acordo com os entrevistados os frutos de Buchenavia tomentosa causam sinais digestivos e abortos em caprinos, ovinos e bovinos. Produtores relatam surtos de intoxicação em caprinos que apresentam sinais digestivos e morte após a ingestão de favas de Luetzelburgia sp. Brunfelsia sp. é relatada como causa de alterações nervosas, no começo das chuvas, quando os animais ingerem as folhas e flores e os asininos são aparentemente mais afetados. Os frutos de Spondias luta foram mencionados como causa de diarréia em caprinos. Experimentos não publicados demonstraram a toxicidade de Brunfelsia sp. em ovinos e de Luetzelburgia sp. como causa de sinais digestivos e mortes em caprinos.

The objective of this study was to survey toxic plants for ruminants and equidae in northern Piauí. Seventy one persons were interviewed, including farmers, veterinary practitioners, agronomists, and agrarian technicians from 16 municipalities, performing at least four interviews in each municipality. The most common plant mentioned as a cause of poisoning was Ipomoea asarifolia, which is a well known cause of tremogenic disease in ruminants. Stryphnodendron coriaceum which causes digestive signs was referred as a common cause of death, and is probably the plant that causes most cattle deaths in the region. Enterolobium contortisiliquum was also mentioned as a frequent cause of digestive signs, abortion and photosensitization in cattle. Outbreaks of nephrosis caused by Thiloa glaucocarpa are frequent at the beginning of the raining season. Poisoning by the cyanogenic plants Manihot spp. e Piptadenia macrocarpa are a cause of peracute deaths. Other plants mentioned as toxic were Buchenavia tomentosa, Caesalpinia sp., Brunfelsia sp., Luetzelburgia sp., Hybantus ipecaconha, Phisalys angulata, and Spondias luta. Farmers report that goats are poisoned by the ingestion of the pods of Luetzelburgia sp., which causes digestive signs and death. The ingestion of the fruits of Buchenavia tomentosa is associated with digestive signs and and abortion in ruminants. Brunfelsia sp. is mentioned as a cause of nervous signs at the start of the raining season and donkeys are apparently more affected. The consumption of the fruits of Spondias luta are associated with diarrhea in goats. Recent unpublished experiments demonstrated the toxicity of Brunfelsia sp. as a cause of nervous signs and of Luetzelburgia sp. as a cause of digestive signs in goats. Experiments with other plants are necessary to confirm their toxicity.

Plantas tóxicas para ruminantes e eqüídeos no Norte Piauiense / Toxic plants for ruminants and equidae in Northern Piauí

Este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento sobre as plantas tóxicas para ruminantes e equídeos na Mesorregião Norte do Piauí. Foram feitas 71 entrevistas a médicos veterinários, engenheiros agrônomos, técnicos agrícolas e produtores de 16 municípios, entrevistando pelo menos quatro pessoas por município. As plantas comprovadamente tóxicas que foram apontadas com maior frequência na região estudada foram Ipomoea asarifolia, que causa intoxicações em pequenos ruminantes em todas as áreas visitadas. Stryphnodendron coriaceum pelas mortes que ocasiona é, aparentemente, a planta que causa maiores perdas econômicas na mesorregião estudada. Enterolobium contortisiliquum também foi citada como causa importante de sinais digestivos, abortamentos e fotossensibilização em bovinos da região. Os entrevistados confirmaram a ocorrência de surtos de intoxicação em bovinos por Thiloa glaucocarpa no inicio do período chuvoso. Manihot spp. e Piptadenia macrocarpa são plantas cianogênicas apontadas como causa de mortes superagudas em bovinos. Outras plantas relatadas como tóxicas pelos entrevistados, mas sem que haja comprovação de sua toxicidade, foram Buchenavia tomentosa, Caesalpinia sp., Brunfelsia sp., Luetzelburgia sp., Hybantus ipecaconha, Phisalys angulata e Spondias luta. De acordo com os entrevistados os frutos de Buchenavia tomentosa causam sinais digestivos e abortos em caprinos, ovinos e bovinos. Produtores relatam surtos de intoxicação em caprinos que apresentam sinais digestivos e morte após a ingestão de favas de Luetzelburgia sp. Brunfelsia sp. é relatada como causa de alterações nervosas, no começo das chuvas, quando os animais ingerem as folhas e flores e os asininos são aparentemente mais afetados. Os frutos de Spondias luta foram mencionados como causa de diarréia em caprinos. Experimentos não publicados demonstraram a toxicidade de Brunfelsia sp. em ovinos e de Luetzelburgia sp. como causa de sinais digestivos e mortes em caprinos.(AU)

The objective of this study was to survey toxic plants for ruminants and equidae in northern Piauí. Seventy one persons were interviewed, including farmers, veterinary practitioners, agronomists, and agrarian technicians from 16 municipalities, performing at least four interviews in each municipality. The most common plant mentioned as a cause of poisoning was Ipomoea asarifolia, which is a well known cause of tremogenic disease in ruminants. Stryphnodendron coriaceum which causes digestive signs was referred as a common cause of death, and is probably the plant that causes most cattle deaths in the region. Enterolobium contortisiliquum was also mentioned as a frequent cause of digestive signs, abortion and photosensitization in cattle. Outbreaks of nephrosis caused by Thiloa glaucocarpa are frequent at the beginning of the raining season. Poisoning by the cyanogenic plants Manihot spp. e Piptadenia macrocarpa are a cause of peracute deaths. Other plants mentioned as toxic were Buchenavia tomentosa, Caesalpinia sp., Brunfelsia sp., Luetzelburgia sp., Hybantus ipecaconha, Phisalys angulata, and Spondias luta. Farmers report that goats are poisoned by the ingestion of the pods of Luetzelburgia sp., which causes digestive signs and death. The ingestion of the fruits of Buchenavia tomentosa is associated with digestive signs and and abortion in ruminants. Brunfelsia sp. is mentioned as a cause of nervous signs at the start of the raining season and donkeys are apparently more affected. The consumption of the fruits of Spondias luta are associated with diarrhea in goats. Recent unpublished experiments demonstrated the toxicity of Brunfelsia sp. as a cause of nervous signs and of Luetzelburgia sp. as a cause of digestive signs in goats. Experiments with other plants are necessary to confirm their toxicity.(AU)

Composição corporal e exigências de macrominerais para ganho depeso de caprinos em pastejo / Body composition and macroelements requirements for weight gain of ½ boer ½ mixed-breed kid goats on pasture

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a composição corporal e exigências nutricionais em macrominerais para ganho de peso de cabritos ½ Boer ½ SRD, na fase de crescimento, em pastejo na região semiárida. O experimento foi desenvolvido na fazenda ‘Nupeárido, no município de Patos, Estado da Paraíba. Foram utilizados 24 cabritos com peso corporal médio inicial de 15 kg, em pastejo, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos com níveis crescentes de suplementação concentrada (0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5% do peso corporal). Os animais, mantidos em sistema de semiconfinamento, receberam suplementação alimentar, em baias individuais, ao serem recolhidos diariamente. Quando um dos animais de cada grupo atingia 30 kg de peso corporal, todos os demais animais do grupo eram abatidos após jejum de 16 h. A composição corporal estimada variou de 15,36 a 17,17 g de Ca; 8,16 a 8,24 g de P; 1,00 a 1,42 g de Na e foi de 1,23 g de K por kg de corpo vazio. As exigências líquidas em Ca, P e Na variam, respectivamente, de 13,96 a 15,61 mg, 6,55 a 6,62 mg e 1,16 a 1,65 mg, e é de 0,98 mg de K por g de ganho, para animais de 15 a 30 kg de peso corporal.(AU)

An experiment was conducted to estimate the body composition and nutritional requirements of macrominerals for the weight gain of ½ Boer and ½ mixedbreed kid goats, in the phase of growth on pasture in the semi-arid region. The experiment was developed at ‘Nupeárido farm, in Patos, Paraíba State. Twenty-four kids were used, with average initial body weight of 15 kg, distributed into four treatments with increasing levels of concentrate supplementation (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of body weight). The animals, maintained under semi-confinement system, received feeding supplementation in individual stalls when they were gathered daily. When one of the animals of each group reached 30kg of body weight, all other animals in the group were slaughtered after a 16-hour fast. Body composition varied from 15.36 to 17.17 g of Ca; 8.16 to 8.24 g of P; 1.00 to 1.42 g of Na, and 1.23 g of K per kg of empty body weight. The net requirements of Ca, P and Na varied, respectively, from 13.96 to 15.61 mg, 6.55 to 6.62 mg and 1.16 to 1.65 mg, and is of 0.98 mg of K by gram of weight gain for animals between 15 and 30 kg of body weigh.(AU)

Composição corporal e exigências de macrominerais para ganho depeso de caprinos em pastejo / Body composition and macroelements requirements for weight gain of ½ boer ½ mixed-breed kid goats on pasture

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a composição corporal e exigências nutricionais em macrominerais para ganho de peso de cabritos ½ Boer ½ SRD, na fase de crescimento, em pastejo na região semiárida. O experimento foi desenvolvido na fazenda ‘Nupeárido’, no município de Patos, Estado da Paraíba. Foram utilizados 24 cabritos com peso corporal médio inicial de 15 kg, em pastejo, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos com níveis crescentes de suplementação concentrada (0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5% do peso corporal). Os animais, mantidos em sistema de semiconfinamento, receberam suplementação alimentar, em baias individuais, ao serem recolhidos diariamente. Quando um dos animais de cada grupo atingia 30 kg de peso corporal, todos os demais animais do grupo eram abatidos após jejum de 16 h. A composição corporal estimada variou de 15,36 a 17,17 g de Ca; 8,16 a 8,24 g de P; 1,00 a 1,42 g de Na e foi de 1,23 g de K por kg de corpo vazio. As exigências líquidas em Ca, P e Na variam, respectivamente, de 13,96 a 15,61 mg, 6,55 a 6,62 mg e 1,16 a 1,65 mg, e é de 0,98 mg de K por g de ganho, para animais de 15 a 30 kg de peso corporal.

An experiment was conducted to estimate the body composition and nutritional requirements of macrominerals for the weight gain of ½ Boer and ½ mixedbreed kid goats, in the phase of growth on pasture in the semi-arid region. The experiment was developed at ‘Nupeárido’ farm, in Patos, Paraíba State. Twenty-four kids were used, with average initial body weight of 15 kg, distributed into four treatments with increasing levels of concentrate supplementation (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of body weight). The animals, maintained under semi-confinement system, received feeding supplementation in individual stalls when they were gathered daily. When one of the animals of each group reached 30kg of body weight, all other animals in the group were slaughtered after a 16-hour fast. Body composition varied from 15.36 to 17.17 g of Ca; 8.16 to 8.24 g of P; 1.00 to 1.42 g of Na, and 1.23 g of K per kg of empty body weight. The net requirements of Ca, P and Na varied, respectively, from 13.96 to 15.61 mg, 6.55 to 6.62 mg and 1.16 to 1.65 mg, and is of 0.98 mg of K by gram of weight gain for animals between 15 and 30 kg of body weigh.

Composição corporal, exigências em proteína e energia para ganho de peso de caprinos em pastejo / Body composition, protein and energy requirements for weight gain of ½ boer ½ mixed-breed goat kids on pasture

Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar a composição corporal e as exigências nutricionais em proteína e energia para ganho de peso de cabritos ½ Boer ½ SRD, na fase de crescimento, em pastejo na região semiárida. O experimento foi desenvolvido na fazenda ‘Nupeárido, no município de Patos, Paraíba. Foram utilizados 24 cabritos com peso corporal médio inicial de 15 kg, em pastejo, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos com níveis crescentes de suplementação concentrada (0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5% do peso corporal). Os animais, mantidos em sistema de semiconfinamento, receberam suplementação alimentar, em baias individuais, ao serem recolhidos diariamente. Quando um dos animais de cada grupo atingia 30 kg de peso corporal, todos os demais animais do grupo eram abatidos após jejum de 16h. A composição corporal variou de 185,3 a 184,0 g de proteína; 53,0 a 120,2 g de gordura e 1.642 a 2.356 kcal kg-1 de corpo vazio. As exigências líquidas em proteína e energia variaram de 146 a 145 mg e 1,92 a 2,75 kcal g-1 de ganho, respectivamente, para animais de 15 a 30 kg de peso corporal. (AU)

The objective of this work was to estimate the body composition and the nutritional requirements in protein and energy for the weight gain of ½ Boer and ½ Mixed-breed goat kids, during growth phase, on pasture in the semi-arid region. The work was developed at ‘Nupeárido farm, in Patos- PB. Twenty-four goat kids were used, with average initial body weigh of 15 kg, distributed into four treatments with increasing levels of concentrate supplementation (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of body weight). The animals, maintained under semiconfinement system, received feeding supplementation in individual stalls when they were gathered daily. Whenever one of the animals of each group reached 30 kg of body weigh, all other animals of the group were slaughtered after a 16-hour fast. The body composition varied from 185.3 to 184.0 g of protein; 53.0 to 120.2 g of fat and 1,642 to 2,356 kcal kg-1 of empty body. The net requirements in protein and energy on growing varied from 146 to 145 mg and 1.92 to 2.75 kcal g-1 of gain, respectively, for animals from 15 to 30 kg of body weigh.(AU)

Composição corporal, exigências em proteína e energia para ganho de peso de caprinos em pastejo / Body composition, protein and energy requirements for weight gain of ½ boer ½ mixed-breed goat kids on pasture

Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar a composição corporal e as exigências nutricionais em proteína e energia para ganho de peso de cabritos ½ Boer ½ SRD, na fase de crescimento, em pastejo na região semiárida. O experimento foi desenvolvido na fazenda ‘Nupeárido’, no município de Patos, Paraíba. Foram utilizados 24 cabritos com peso corporal médio inicial de 15 kg, em pastejo, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos com níveis crescentes de suplementação concentrada (0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5% do peso corporal). Os animais, mantidos em sistema de semiconfinamento, receberam suplementação alimentar, em baias individuais, ao serem recolhidos diariamente. Quando um dos animais de cada grupo atingia 30 kg de peso corporal, todos os demais animais do grupo eram abatidos após jejum de 16h. A composição corporal variou de 185,3 a 184,0 g de proteína; 53,0 a 120,2 g de gordura e 1.642 a 2.356 kcal kg-1 de corpo vazio. As exigências líquidas em proteína e energia variaram de 146 a 145 mg e 1,92 a 2,75 kcal g-1 de ganho, respectivamente, para animais de 15 a 30 kg de peso corporal.

The objective of this work was to estimate the body composition and the nutritional requirements in protein and energy for the weight gain of ½ Boer and ½ Mixed-breed goat kids, during growth phase, on pasture in the semi-arid region. The work was developed at ‘Nupeárido’ farm, in Patos- PB. Twenty-four goat kids were used, with average initial body weigh of 15 kg, distributed into four treatments with increasing levels of concentrate supplementation (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of body weight). The animals, maintained under semiconfinement system, received feeding supplementation in individual stalls when they were gathered daily. Whenever one of the animals of each group reached 30 kg of body weigh, all other animals of the group were slaughtered after a 16-hour fast. The body composition varied from 185.3 to 184.0 g of protein; 53.0 to 120.2 g of fat and 1,642 to 2,356 kcal kg-1 of empty body. The net requirements in protein and energy on growing varied from 146 to 145 mg and 1.92 to 2.75 kcal g-1 of gain, respectively, for animals from 15 to 30 kg of body weigh.