Salmonella serovars in laying hen flocks and commercial table eggs from a region of São Paulo state, Brazil

Salmonella spp. is the main originator of human foodborne diseases worldwide and is mainly transmitted by food containing eggs. In Brazil, as a result of the lack of studies and data collection very little is known about the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in laying hen flocks and commercial table eggs. Consequently the present study was elaborated and aimed at generating data about Salmonella spp. in part of the Brazilian egg production chain. Eight flocks of day-old chicks, eight flocks of adult laying hens (four vaccinated with bacterin against Salmonella Enteritidis and four unvaccinated) and commercial table eggs from four supermarkets were examined. Salmonella spp. was isolated in 50 % of the newly hatched chicks, 25 % of the adult flocks and 1.5 % of egg samples examined. S. enterica subsp. enterica 4,12:r:-, S. Mbandaka, S. enterica subsp. enterica 6,7: z10:-, S. Enteritidis and S. Havana were the serovars isolated in birds. In commercial table-eggs S. Mbandaka, S. enterica subsp. enterica 6,7: z10:- and S. Braenderup were isolated. These results show that Salmonella spp. is present in laying hen flocks and consequently in eggs destined for human consumption. Probably, some of the Salmonella serovars are being introduced in egg farms by vertical via.

Salmonella serovars in laying hen flocks and commercial table eggs from a region of São Paulo state, Brazil

Salmonella spp. is the main originator of human foodborne diseases worldwide and is mainly transmitted by food containing eggs. In Brazil, as a result of the lack of studies and data collection very little is known about the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in laying hen flocks and commercial table eggs. Consequently the present study was elaborated and aimed at generating data about Salmonella spp. in part of the Brazilian egg production chain. Eight flocks of day-old chicks, eight flocks of adult laying hens (four vaccinated with bacterin against Salmonella Enteritidis and four unvaccinated) and commercial table eggs from four supermarkets were examined. Salmonella spp. was isolated in 50 % of the newly hatched chicks, 25 % of the adult flocks and 1.5 % of egg samples examined. S. enterica subsp. enterica 4,12:r:-, S. Mbandaka, S. enterica subsp. enterica 6,7: z10:-, S. Enteritidis and S. Havana were the serovars isolated in birds. In commercial table-eggs S. Mbandaka, S. enterica subsp. enterica 6,7: z10:- and S. Braenderup were isolated. These results show that Salmonella spp. is present in laying hen flocks and consequently in eggs destined for human consumption. Probably, some of the Salmonella serovars are being introduced in egg farms by vertical via.(AU)

Salmonella spp. in meat-type quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

In the present study Salmonella spp. was surveyed in four flocks of meat-type quails reared in a farm that also had processing plant on site, located in the region of Bastos, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Meconium samples of one-day-old quail chicks were collected from transport cardboard boxes. Cecal content was collected on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of rearing. At 36 days of age, birds were slaughtered in the farm's processing plant, where two samples of water from the scalding and the chilling tanks and four carcasses per flock were collected. All samples were examined for Salmonella spp. using traditional bacteriological methods. Salmonella spp. was present in meconium samples of three flocks and in cecal feces of the four flocks. This bacterium was also isolated in the chiller water and in the carcasses of three of the evaluated flocks and in the scalding water of one flock. In this study, S. enterica subspecies enterica 4, 5, 12; S. Corvalis; S. Give; S. Lexington; S. Minnesota; S. Schwarzengrund; S. Rissen and S. Typhimurium were the eight serovars identified.

Salmonella spp. in meat-type quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

In the present study Salmonella spp. was surveyed in four flocks of meat-type quails reared in a farm that also had processing plant on site, located in the region of Bastos, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Meconium samples of one-day-old quail chicks were collected from transport cardboard boxes. Cecal content was collected on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of rearing. At 36 days of age, birds were slaughtered in the farm's processing plant, where two samples of water from the scalding and the chilling tanks and four carcasses per flock were collected. All samples were examined for Salmonella spp. using traditional bacteriological methods. Salmonella spp. was present in meconium samples of three flocks and in cecal feces of the four flocks. This bacterium was also isolated in the chiller water and in the carcasses of three of the evaluated flocks and in the scalding water of one flock. In this study, S. enterica subspecies enterica 4, 5, 12; S. Corvalis; S. Give; S. Lexington; S. Minnesota; S. Schwarzengrund; S. Rissen and S. Typhimurium were the eight serovars identified.(AU)

Reação de maracujazeiro amarelo a Meloidogyne incognita raça 3 / Reaction of yellow passion fruit to Meloidogyne incognita race 3

Neste trabalho estudou-se a reação de maracujazeiro amarelo 'Maguari' e 'Afruvec' ao fitonematoide Meloidogyne incognita raça 3, em casa-de-vegetação. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos (Maguari, Afruvec e Tomateiro cv. Rutgers) e quatro repetições, sendo a parcela constituída por um vaso contendo uma planta. Após seis meses, avaliou-se o índice de galhas e de massa de ovos nas cultivares de maracujazeiro amarelo e no tomateiro cv. Rutgers. A classificação da resistência ao fitonematoide foi feita utilizando o critério do fator de reprodução (FR). A 'Maguari' apresentou zero de índice de galhas e de massa de ovos, enquanto que 'Afruvec' mostrou baixo índice de galhas e massa de ovos comparativamente com o tomateiro cv. Rutgers. De acordo com o FR, a 'Maguari' enquadrou-se como imune ao nematoide, sendo a 'Afruvec' resistente e o tomateiro cv. Rutgers como suscetível.

This study concerned the reaction of yellow passion fruit 'Maguary' and 'Afruvec' to the phytonematode Meloidogyne incognita race 3 in greenhouse conditions. An entirely randomized experimental design with 3 treatments ('Maguary', 'Afruvec', and tomato cv. 'Rutgers') and 4 repetitions was used, each plot consisting of 1 vase containing 1 plant. After 6 months, an evaluation was made of the index of galls and egg mass in the yellow passion fruit varieties and in the tomato cv. 'Rutgers'. The classification of resistance to the phytonematode was made by criterion of the reproduction factor (RF). 'Maguary' presented a zero index of galls and egg mass, while 'Afruvec' showed a low index of galls and egg mass in relation to the tomato cv. Rutgers. According to the RF, 'Maguary' was characterized as immune to the phytonematode, while 'Afruvec' was resistant, and the tomato cv. 'Rutgers' was susceptible.

REAÇÃO DE MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO A MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA RAÇA 3

ABSTRACT This study concerned the reaction of yellow passion fruit Maguary and Afruvec to the phytonematode Meloidogyne incognita race 3 in greenhouse conditions. An entirely randomized experimental design with 3 treatments (Maguary, Afruvec, and tomato cv. Rutgers) and 4 repetitions was used, each plot consisting of 1 vase containing 1 plant. After 6 months, an evaluation was made of the index of galls and egg mass in the yellow passion fruit varieties and in the tomato cv. Rutgers. The classification of resistance to the phytonematode was made by criterion of the reproduction factor (RF). Maguary presented a zero index of galls and egg mass, while Afruvec showed a low index of galls and egg mass in relation to the tomato cv. Rutgers. According to the RF, Maguary was characterized as immune to the phytonematode, while Afruvec was resistant, and the tomato cv. Rutgers was susceptible.

RESUMO Neste trabalho estudou-se a reação de maracujazeiro amarelo Maguari e Afruvec ao fitonematoide Meloidogyne incognita raça 3, em casa-de-vegetação. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casuali-zado, com três tratamentos (Maguari, Afruvec e Tomateiro cv. Rutgers) e quatro repetições, sendo a parcela constituída por um vaso contendo uma planta. Após seis meses, avaliou-se o índice de galhas e de massa de ovos nas cultivares de maracujazeiro amarelo e no tomateiro cv. Rutgers. A classificação da resistência ao fitonematoide foi feita utilizando o critério do fator de reprodução (FR). A Maguari apresentou zero de índice de galhas e de massa de ovos, enquanto que Afruvec mostrou baixo índice de galhas e massa de ovos comparativamente com o tomateiro cv. Rutgers. De acordo com o FR, a Maguari enquadrou-se como imune ao nematoide, sendo a Afruvec resistente e o tomateiro cv. Rutgers como suscetível.