Artéria subclávia direita aberrante em cão - aspectos clínicos e de imagem / Aberrant right subclavian artery in a dog - clinical and imaging aspects

Background: Aberrant right subclavian artery is only rarely observed in veterinary medicine. Some animals may present postprandial regurgitation and progressive weight loss, which is considered an incidental finding unrelated to clinical alterations. Advanced imaging techniques such as thoracic CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast angiography are used for the accurate detection of lesions, anatomical changes and specific information about vascular rings. This paper describes the clinical changes, imaging exams and therapeutic approach in a female dog with megaesophagus induced by an aberrant right subclavian artery. Case: A 2-month-old female bull terrier, weighing 1.6 kg, with a history of regurgitation immediately or a few minutes after a meal, diarrhea, polyphagia, progressive emaciation and apathy for 45 days, was treated at a University Veterinary Hospital. The dog's physical examination revealed 7% dehydration and body condition score 1 (scale 1 to 5), but no cardiac or pulmonary alterations upon auscultation. The hematological analysis and renal and hepatic serum enzymes were within the normal range for the species. In view of the presumptive clinical diagnosis of vascular anomaly, suggested by the contrast X-ray examination, a chest tomography was performed, which revealed altered aortic arch shape and contours, and a posterior aneurysm in the area of abnormal connection of the right subclavian artery. The patient was released with a prescription for conservative dietary management for megaesophagus. Within two weeks, the patient returned with a report of a good response to the prescribed therapy, absence of vomiting and diarrhea, and an increase in body weight. Surgical correction was recommended, but has not been performed so far, but conservative treatment for megaesophagus was continued. No further episodes of regurgitation were identified during the nine-month follow-up period. Discussion: In the case reported here, the right subclavian artery is considered anatomically atypical because it arises directly from the aortic arch. This vascular anomaly passes on to the right pectoral limb, dorsal to the esophagus, contracting it in its dorsal aspect. It tends to affect purebred dogs, occurring more frequently in Irish setters, German shepherds and Labrador retrievers, although it has been described in other breeds such as the bull terrier documented here and mixed breed dogs. Vascular ring anomalies may not cause clinical changes in animals and represent only incidental findings, or they may lead to gastrointestinal changes resulting from esophageal stricture, contributing to megaesophagus and clinical signs of esophageal obstruction, especially in recently weaned puppies. Such alterations were observed in this case, with the dog presenting regurgitation, immediately or a few minutes after a meal, megaesophagus, diarrhea and progressive weight loss. A CT scan was performed to confirm the type and location of the vascular anomaly and diagnostic accuracy, as recommended in the literature. Dietary therapy is one of the approaches adopted for patients presenting with regurgitation resulting from megaesophagus secondary to vascular anomalies. The dog in this report responded well to the medical therapy; nevertheless, the treatment of choice to correct the esophageal obstruction caused by this anomaly is surgical sectioning of the aberrant vessel by right intercostal thoracotomy, given that the degree of esophageal dilation and dysfunction tends to increase over time. However, at this time, the animal's owner decided to suspend the recommended surgical procedure.

Clinical and parasitological impact of short-term treatment using miltefosine and allopurinol monotherapy or combination therapy in canine visceral leishmaniasis / Impacto clínico e parasitológico do tratamento de curta duração com miltefosina e alopurinol em monoterapia ou terapia combinada na leishmaniose visceral canina

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic zoonosis in Brazil. Dogs are the main hosts in urban environments. The treatment has gained popularity since the Brazilian government authorized miltefosine for canine treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and parasitological impact of short-term treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol, alone and in combination. We evaluated the ability of pharmacotherapy to reduce clinical signs of disease, antibody levels using the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and skin parasite load via qPCR after 28 days of treatment. The therapeutic protocols promoted a significant decline in clinical signs and in the skin parasite load in dogs (p < 0.01). We observed a moderate correlation between the skin parasite load and the clinical score in all three treatment groups (r > 0.5) Antibody levels did not decrease in this short period. It was concluded that the treatment with allopurinol reduced the number of parasites in the skin of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis in the short term. However, its efficiency is potentiated when associated with miltefosine.(AU)

A leishmaniose visceral canina é uma zoonose endêmica no Brasil. Os cães são os principais hospedeiros em ambientes urbanos. O tratamento ganhou popularidade desde que o governo brasileiro autorizou a miltefosina para tratamento canino. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o impacto clínico e parasitológico do tratamento a curto prazo com miltefosina e alopurinol, isoladamente e/ou em combinação. Foi avaliada a capacidade da farmacoterapia em reduzir os sinais clínicos da doença e também os níveis de anticorpos, usando-se o teste de anticorpos de fluorescência indireta (RIFI) e a carga parasitária na pele, via qPCR, após 28 dias de tratamento. Os protocolos terapêuticos promoveram declínio significativo dos sinais clínicos e da carga parasitária na pele dos cães (p < 0,01). Foi observada uma correlação moderada entre a carga parasitária da pele e o escore clínico em todos os três grupos de tratamento (r > 0,5). Já os níveis de anticorpos não diminuíram nesse curto período. Concluiu-se que o tratamento com alopurinol, em curto prazo, reduziu a quantidade de parasitos na pele dos cães com leishmaniose visceral. No entanto, sua eficiência é potencializada quando associada a miltefosina.(AU)

Clinical, hematological, blood gasometric and electrolytic changes in dogs receiving whole blood transfusions

Blood transfusion is a tool capable of saving lives. Patients undergoing blood transfusion usually present several alterations in the acid-base and electrolyte balance, aggravating the condition of critically ill patients. Some studies have demonstrated haematological alterations in certain species that received whole blood transfusions, however, few studies have evaluated acid base and electrolyte changes in dogs undergoing whole blood haemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical, hematological, blood gas and electrolyte changes in anemic dogs after whole blood transfusion. Twenty nine dogs transfused due to anemia were enrolled in the study. Donors blood was collected in a transfusion bag containing citrate phosphate adenine dextrose and stored up to 24 h. Blood collections and evaluations were made before and 24 h after the transfusion. Data distribution normality was tested by the Shapiro Wilk Test. The means of the variables were compared by paired t-test. It was observed an increase in diastolic blood pressure and a reduction in heart rate (P < 0.05). There was a not significant increase in systolic blood pressure, temperature, and a reduction in respiratory rate per minute. Erythrocyte, haemoglobin and haematocrit averages were significantly increased after blood transfusion (P < 0.05). It was observed a reduction in the mean values of pH (P < 0.05), potassium (P > 0.05) and ionized calcium (P > 0.05) and an increase in the mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2 ) (P < 0.001), bicarbonate (P > 0.05) and sodium (P < 0.05). The probable cause of anemia was monocytic ehrlichiosis (14/29), visceral leishmaniasis (1/29), babesiosis (1/29), co-infection of Ehrlichia canis and Leishmania infantum (2/29), co-infection of E. canis and Babesia vogeli (1/29). It was not possible to determine the etiology of the anemia in ten dogs. Heart rate significantly reduced after transfusion, probably because of the increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte values. It may be justified by the displacement of extravascular fluid to the intravascular space. Mean values of systolic blood pressure were slightly elevated before transfusion and remained elevated afterwards, while diastolic and mean arterial pressure increased significantly after transfusion. These changes may be due to the morbid condition and may be influenced by many other factors. Haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocyte values increased significantly after transfusion, according to what was observed in other studies. The significant reduction in pH and increase in pCO2 reflects the compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis to increase ventilation, leading to pCO2 reduction and changes in pH. The reduction in pH due to the contact of the collected blood with conservative solutions is one of the main changes thar occurs during blood storage. It was described significantly lower pH in dogs' whole blood samples stored for more than 24 h in vacutainer plastic containing CPDA-1. We may assume there was no intense pH reduction in the present study because the bags were stored for up to 24 h. Although not statistically significant, the increase of pO2 mean reflects the improvement of tissue oxygen perfusion. It was observed a significant increase in sodium ions. The mean sodium ion concentration before transfusion was very close to the maximum reference value. Hyperkalaemia was not observed, nor was there significant reduction of potassium ions after transfusion. Several studies report hyperkalaemia and transfusion-associated cardiac arrests in humans, associated with infusion of large volumes of blood. Whole blood transfusion increased erythrogram values and did not negatively affect the electrolyte or acid-base status, representing a safe and useful tool in the intensive care of small animals.(AU)

Occurrence of DEA1.1 in blood donor dogs in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil / Ocorrência de DEA 1.1 em cães doadores de sangue em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil

This study aimed to assess Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA) 1.1 in donor dogs at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil, and review the relevant literature. The blood (60 samples; 1.5 mL volume, each) was collected in separate vacutainer tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and submitted for complete blood count; in addition, the samples were typed by RapidVet® based on agglutination due to specific interaction between DEA 1 antigen at the membrane surface of the erythrocyte and lyophilised murine monoclonal antibody on the test card. DEA1.1 positivity was observed in 81.6% (49 of 60) of test samples, while negative results were obtained in the remaining 18.3% (11 of 60). DEA 1.1 positive samples were comprised of 42.8% of purebred dogs and 38.3% of mixed breed dogs. With regard to sex in the DEA 1.1 positive group, 48.3% were male dogs and 33.3% were female dogs. The blood donor canine population showed high prevalence of DEA 1.1, which confirms that blood typing should be performed prior to blood transfusion in previously sensitised dogs.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência do antígeno eritrocitário DEA (Dog Erythrocyte Antigen) 1.1 nos cães doadores de sangue no Hospital Veterinário Universitário em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. O sangue (60 amostras; 1,5mL cada) Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 60 cães em tubo a vácuo contendo ácido etilenodiamino tetra-acético (EDTA) para realização de hemograma; adicionalmente, foi realizada tipagem sanguínea com o kit RapidVet®, que baseia-se na aglutinação devido à interação entre os antígenos DEA 1 do antígeno eritrocitário com os anticorpos monoclonais presentes no cartão. Das amostras testadas, 81,6% (49 de 60) apresentaram positividade para DEA 1.1, enquanto que apenas 18,3%(11 de 60) foram negativas. Os cães com raça definida representaram 42,8% das amostras DEA 1.1, já os cães mestiços representaram 38,3%. Em relação ao sexo dos cães DEA 1.1, foi observada prevalência de 48,3% em machos e 33,3% em fêmeas. Este trabalho demonstrou a alta prevalência do grupo DEA 1.1 na população de cães doadores de sangue, o que ratifica a importância da tipagem sanguínea anteriormente à transfusão sanguínea em cães previamente sensibilizados.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: perception, prevalence, and spatial distribution in municipality of Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Mato Grosso, Brazil / Leishmaniose visceral canina: percepção, prevalência e distribuição espacial em Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Mato Grosso, Brazil

The midwest region of Brazil has witnessed an increase in the number of cases of human (HVL) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the populations perception of these diseases, factors associated with CVL, its spatial distribution, and the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. in 385 dogs, determined using a commercially available immunochromatographic rapid test and confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the 385 samples, 54 were positive for CVL and confirmed by ELISA, corresponding to a prevalence of 14%. Knowledge of signs of CVL by tutors (p = 0.038); previous occurrence of CVL in the vicinity (p = 0.022); symptomatic dog(s) (p = 0.014), splenomegaly (p = 0.055), and ear ulcer(s) (p = 0.059) were significantly associated with CVL. The results revealed a significant prevalence of CVL spatially distributed in rural and urban contexts. The association between environmentally related variables and perception and the occurrence of CVL underscores the importance of implementing control and prevention strategies primarily focused on environmental management and health education activities.(AU)

No Brasil, a região Centro-Oeste tem apresentado aumento no número de casos de leishmaniose visceral humana (LVH) e canina (LVC). Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a percepção da população em relação à doença, aos fatores associados a LVC, à distribuição espacial e à prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em 385 cães, a partir do teste rápido imunocromatográfico e ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Das 385 amostras, 54 foram reagentes para LVC e confirmadas no ELISA, correspondendo a prevalência de 14%. O conhecimento dos sinais da LVC pelos tutores (p = 0,038), a ocorrência prévia da LVC na vizinhança (p = 0,022), o cão sintomático (p = 0,014), esplenomegalia (p = 0,055) e apresentar úlcera em ponta de orelha (p = 0,059) foram significativamente associados à LVC. Os resultados demonstram expressiva prevalência de LVC, distribuídas espacialmente no contexto rural e urbano, e a associação de variáveis relacionadas ao ambiente e à percepção com a ocorrência da LVC ressaltam a importância da implementação de estratégias de controle e prevenção, focadas principalmente no manejo ambiental e em atividades de educação em saúde.(AU)

Occurrence of DEA1.1 in blood donor dogs in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil / Ocorrência de DEA 1.1 em cães doadores de sangue em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil

This study aimed to assess Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA) 1.1 in donor dogs at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil, and review the relevant literature. The blood (60 samples; 1.5 mL volume, each) was collected in separate vacutainer tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and submitted for complete blood count; in addition, the samples were typed by RapidVet® based on agglutination due to specific interaction between DEA 1 antigen at the membrane surface of the erythrocyte and lyophilised murine monoclonal antibody on the test card. DEA1.1 positivity was observed in 81.6% (49 of 60) of test samples, while negative results were obtained in the remaining 18.3% (11 of 60). DEA 1.1 positive samples were comprised of 42.8% of purebred dogs and 38.3% of mixed breed dogs. With regard to sex in the DEA 1.1 positive group, 48.3% were male dogs and 33.3% were female dogs. The blood donor canine population showed high prevalence of DEA 1.1, which confirms that blood typing should be performed prior to blood transfusion in previously sensitised dogs.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência do antígeno eritrocitário DEA (Dog Erythrocyte Antigen) 1.1 nos cães doadores de sangue no Hospital Veterinário Universitário em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. O sangue (60 amostras; 1,5mL cada) Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 60 cães em tubo a vácuo contendo ácido etilenodiamino tetra-acético (EDTA) para realização de hemograma; adicionalmente, foi realizada tipagem sanguínea com o kit RapidVet®, que baseia-se na aglutinação devido à interação entre os antígenos DEA 1 do antígeno eritrocitário com os anticorpos monoclonais presentes no cartão. Das amostras testadas, 81,6% (49 de 60) apresentaram positividade para DEA 1.1, enquanto que apenas 18,3%(11 de 60) foram negativas. Os cães com raça definida representaram 42,8% das amostras DEA 1.1, já os cães mestiços representaram 38,3%. Em relação ao sexo dos cães DEA 1.1, foi observada prevalência de 48,3% em machos e 33,3% em fêmeas. Este trabalho demonstrou a alta prevalência do grupo DEA 1.1 na população de cães doadores de sangue, o que ratifica a importância da tipagem sanguínea anteriormente à transfusão sanguínea em cães previamente sensibilizados.(AU)

Pectus excavatum and Pectus carinatum in dogs

Background: Deformities of the anterior thoracic wall are called pectus: pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum. Pectusexcavatum is characterised by dorsal deviation of the caudal region of the sternum while pectus carinatum consists ofprotrusion of the sternum and/or adjacent cartilage. Both defects may remain symptom-free, but respiratory and cardiacabnormalities have been reported. Another deformity observed in dogs is the swimming dog syndrome, which consists ofthe lateral opening of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, associated with the pedalling movement. These disorders are frequentlyreported in medical practice, are considered rare among canines. This report aims to describe a case of pectus excavatumassociated with the swimming dog syndrome (Case 1) and another case of pectus carinatum (Case 2).Cases: Case 1. An approximately 45-day-old male American Pitbull canine had difficulty standing. Physical examinationrevealed hyperextension of the thoracic and pelvic limb joints and flattening of the thorax. After radiographic examination, pectus excavatum and the swimming dog syndrome were confirmed. The conservative treatment with splinting andhydrotherapy was chosen. At the 3-month follow-up, slight improvement in the limbs and irregular and unsatisfactorygrowth of the thorax leading to episodes of dyspnoea were observed. Case 2. A female Pug, approximately 2 months old,had a thorax deformity. Physical examination revealed thorax protrusion, confirmed on radiography as pectus carinatum.Conservative therapy was provided using compressive bandage. One month later, the tutor reported improvement in thecondition and absence of respiratory changes.Discussion: Pectus deformities has low incidence, and cases to pectus carinatum, there is a sexual predisposition, that is,males are more predisposed, differing from Case 2, a female dog. In the cases of pectus excavatum, no genetic alterationwas directly related to its occurrence...(AU)

Pectus excavatum and Pectus carinatum in dogs

Background: Deformities of the anterior thoracic wall are called pectus: pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum. Pectusexcavatum is characterised by dorsal deviation of the caudal region of the sternum while pectus carinatum consists ofprotrusion of the sternum and/or adjacent cartilage. Both defects may remain symptom-free, but respiratory and cardiacabnormalities have been reported. Another deformity observed in dogs is the swimming dog syndrome, which consists ofthe lateral opening of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, associated with the pedalling movement. These disorders are frequentlyreported in medical practice, are considered rare among canines. This report aims to describe a case of pectus excavatumassociated with the swimming dog syndrome (Case 1) and another case of pectus carinatum (Case 2).Cases: Case 1. An approximately 45-day-old male American Pitbull canine had difficulty standing. Physical examinationrevealed hyperextension of the thoracic and pelvic limb joints and flattening of the thorax. After radiographic examination, pectus excavatum and the swimming dog syndrome were confirmed. The conservative treatment with splinting andhydrotherapy was chosen. At the 3-month follow-up, slight improvement in the limbs and irregular and unsatisfactorygrowth of the thorax leading to episodes of dyspnoea were observed. Case 2. A female Pug, approximately 2 months old,had a thorax deformity. Physical examination revealed thorax protrusion, confirmed on radiography as pectus carinatum.Conservative therapy was provided using compressive bandage. One month later, the tutor reported improvement in thecondition and absence of respiratory changes.Discussion: Pectus deformities has low incidence, and cases to pectus carinatum, there is a sexual predisposition, that is,males are more predisposed, differing from Case 2, a female dog. In the cases of pectus excavatum, no genetic alterationwas directly related to its occurrence...

Molecular prevalence and factors associated with Babesia vogeli infection in dogs in the Cerrado Mato-Grossense region of Brazil / Prevalência molecular e fatores associados à infecção por Babesia vogeli em cães do cerrado Mato-Grossense

Canine babesiosis is a common haemoparasitosis in Brazil. Caused by parasites of the genus Babesia, it is transmitted by ixodid ticks and affects domestic and wild canids. The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence of Babesia species (spp.) using molecular methods in dogs living in urban and rural areas of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, and to identify the main factors associated with infection. A total of 407 samples from 407 dogs were evaluated using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, among which Babesia species (spp.) was amplified in 10 (2.5%). Although, no statistical association was found among the variables studied (p>0.05), greater positivity was observed in dogs<1 year of age, male sex, those with free access to the street, and the presence of ticks. PCR samples positive for Babesia spp. were submitted to sequencing and compared in GenBank and exhibited a high degree of similarity with Babesia vogeli sequences.(AU)

Babesiose canina é uma hemoparasitose comum no Brasil. Causada por parasitos do gênero Babesia, é transmitida por carrapatos ixodídeos e acomete canídeos domésticos e silvestres. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a prevalência molecular da infecção por Babesia spp. em cães residentes em áreas urbanas e rurais do município de Cuiabá, estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, e relacionar os principais fatores associados à infecção. Para a pesquisa foram avaliados 407 cães usando a PCR. Das 407 amostras analisadas, 10 (2,5%) amplificaram DNA de Babesia spp. Não foi observada associação estatística entre as variáveis pesquisadas (p>0,05), porém observou-se maior positividade em cães com idade inferior a um ano, machos, com livre acesso à rua e com a presença de carrapatos. Amostras positivas nas PCRs para Babesia spp. foram submetidas a sequenciamento e comparadas no GenBank, mostrando alto grau de similaridade com as sequências de B. vogeli.(AU)

Clinical-dermatological, histological abnormalities and prevalence of Trypanosoma caninum and Leishmania infantum in dogs from Midwest region of Brazil / Anormalidades clínico-dermatológicas, histológicas e prevalência de Trypanosoma caninum e Leishmania infantum em cães da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Leishmania infantum is a trypanosomatid that causes parasitic dermatopathy in dogs. Trypanosoma caninum is another trypanosomatid, which infects the skin of dogs, although cutaneous abnormalities are absent. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of T. caninum infection and its associated cutaneous and histological changes and compare it with the occurrence of L. infantum infection in dogs. The study included 150 dogs, of which T. caninum infection was identified in 3 (2%) and L. infantum infection in 15 (10%) of them, with no association (p>0.05) of these infections with the breed, gender, age, or cutaneous abnormalities. The cutaneous abnormalities were based on 1 (4.8%) and 12 (57.1%) dogs infected by T. caninum and L. infantum, respectively. The dermatohistopathological abnormalities in the dogs infected with T. caninum included mild perivascular lymphohistioplasmacytic infiltrates in the clinically asymptomatic ones, while in those with dermatological abnormalities, acanthosis, epidermal orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, melanomacrophages, and co-infection with Microsporum sp. and Trichophyton sp. were observed. InL. infantum infected, the histopathological findings included chronic granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates and structures compatible with amastigotes. Despite the low frequency of T. caninum infection, our findings suggest that this trypanosomatid, unlike L. infantum, does not cause any macroscopic skin abnormalities.(AU)

Leishmania infantum é um tripanosomatídeo que causa dermatopatia parasitária em cães. Trypanosoma caninum é outro tripanosomatídeo, que infecta a pele de cães, embora anormalidades cutâneas sejam ausentes. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência da infecção por T. caninum e suas alterações cutâneas e histológicas associadas e compará-las com a ocorrência da infecção por L. infantum em cães. O estudo incluiu 150 cães, dos quais a infecção por T. caninum foi identificada em 3 (2%) e a infecção por L. infantum em 15 (10%) deles, sem associação (p>0,05) dessas infecções com a raça, sexo, idade ou anormalidades cutâneas. As alterações cutâneas foram observadas em 1 (4,8%) e 12 (57,1%) cães infectados por T. caninum e L. infantum, respectivamente. As anormalidades dermato-histopatológicas nos cães infectados por T. caninum incluíram infiltrados linfo-histioplasmocitários perivasculares leves nos clinicamente assintomáticos, enquanto naqueles com anormalidades dermatológicas, foram observados acantose, hiperqueratose ortoqueratótica epidermal e melanomacrófagos e co-infecção por Microsporum sp. e Trichophyton sp. Nos cães infectados por L. infantum, os achados histopatológicos incluíram infiltrados inflamatórios granulomatosos crônicos e estruturas compatíveis com amastigotas. A despeito da baixa frequência da infecção por T. caninum, nossos achados sugerem que esse tripanosomatídeo, diferentemente de L. infantum, não causa anormalidades macroscópicas na pele.(AU)

Blood typing and haematological analysis of domestic feline donors / Tipagem sanguínea e análise hematológica de felinos domésticos doadores de sangue

Blood typing is critical to avoid adverse reactions to transfusions. Felines have three blood-types: A, B, and AB and have natural alloantibodies the opposite blood type, in addition to the Mik type described recently. The presence of alloantibodies is important in the selection of blood donors in order to minimize the occurrence of transfusion reactions, and blood typing is essential in this context. This study aimed to identify blood types and perform a haematological analysis of feline blood donor candidates. Sixty clinically healthy felines of different races, weighing more than four kilograms, and ranging from one to eight years old, were evaluated. After clinical evaluation, blood samples were collected for hemogram and blood typing with the LabTest A+B® immunochromatographic test. All cats had a haematocrit level within normal range (mean: 34.12%), six (10%) presented with leucocytosis and 24 (40%) with thrombocytopenia, reinforcing the importance of haematological monitoring of blood donor animals. Regarding blood typing, all domestic felines selected as blood donors had type A blood. This is the first study on frequencies of feline blood types performed in the region.(AU)

A tipagem sanguínea é fundamental para evitar reações adversas a transfusões. Os felinos possuem três tipos sanguíneos, A, B e AB, onde o felino apresenta a presença de aloanticorpos naturais contra o tipo sanguíneo que não possui, além do tipo Mik descrito recentemente. A presença de aloanticorpos é importante no que se refere à seleção de doadores de sangue com vista a minimizar ocorrência de reações transfusionais, sendo, primordial a realização de tipagem sanguínea nesta espécie. O estudo objetivou identificar os tipos sanguíneos e a análise hematológica de felinos candidatos doadores de sangue. Foram avaliados 60 felinos, de diferentes raças, peso superior a quatro quilogramas, faixa etária de um a oito anos e clinicamente saudáveis. Após avaliação clínica amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas para hemograma e tipagem sanguínea com o teste imunocromatográfico LabTest A+B®. Todos os felinos apresentaram nível de hematócrito dentro da normalidade (média 34,12%), seis (10%) apresentaram leucocitose e 24 (40%) trombocitopenia, reforçando a importância de acompanhamento hematológico de animais doadores de sangue. Quanto à tipagem sanguínea, todos os felinos domésticos selecionados como doadores de sangue apresentaram tipo sanguíneo A, sendo este o primeiro estudo sobre as frequências dos tipos sanguíneos felino realizado na região.(AU)

Kidney disease in natural infection by Ehrlichia canis in dogs / Doença renal na infecção natural por Ehrlichia canis em cães

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, caused by the intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia canis, can affect different organs, including the kidneys, in different stages of infection, and kidney involvement is considered one of the main causes of death related to the disease. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of kidney disease in dogs naturally infected with E. canis and to correlate antibody levels with the severity of renal disease. Serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, and proteins (albumin and globulin), along with urine concentration, urine gamma-glutamyl transferase, and urine protein levels, were evaluated in 60 dogs with E. canis infection diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction. The detection of anti-E. canis antibodies was also performed for each dog. Of the 60 dogs with E. canis infection, 73.33% presented anti-E. canis antibodies. Laboratory abnormalities consistent with renal disease were observed in 33 (55%) infected dogs, and of these, 43.3% were in stage I chronic kidney disease. A positive correlation was observed between antibody levels and total plasma protein (p = 0.0332) and serum globulin (p = 0.0057) levels. In this study, renal disease was observed on routine laboratory testing in 55% of dogs with monocytic ehrlichiosis; however, there was no correlation between the stage of renal disease and the antibody titer against E. canis.(AU)

A Erliquiose monocítica canina, causada pela bactéria intracelular Ehrlichia canis, pode acometer diferentes órgãos inclusive os rins, nas distintas fases da infecção, sendo considerada uma das principais causas de óbito relacionadas a essa doença. Este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a ocorrência de doença renal em cães naturalmente infectados por E. canis correlacionando à gravidade da doença renal. Sessenta cães com infecção por E. canis diagnosticados pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) foram avaliados a concentração sérica de ureia e creatinina, proteínas (albumina e globulinas), urinálise, gamaglutamil transferase urinária e proteinúria. Paralelamente foi pesquisado a presença de anticorpos anti-E. canis pelo ensaio imunoenzimático (dot ELISA). Dos 60 cães com infecção por E. canis, 73,33% apresentaram anticorpos anti- E. canis, enquanto, 33 (55%) cães apresentaram achados laboratoriais condizentes com doença renal, e destes 43,3% dos cães encontravam-se no estágio I da doença renal. Correlação positiva foi observada entre os níveis de anticorpos, globulina sérica (p=0,0057) e proteínas plasmáticas totais (p=0,0332). Neste estudo, a doença renal foi observada em 55% dos cães com erliquiose monocítica, utilizando exames laboratoriais empregados na rotina clínica, sem correlação com o estadiamento da doença renal, apesar dos altos títulos de anticorpos contra E. canis.(AU)

Acidentes botrópicos em cães / Bothrops snakebites in dogs

Background: Snakebites occur frequently among humans and animals. In Brazil, about 23,000 cases of snakebite involving humans were recorded in 2016, 11% of them caused by venomous snakes. In the region of Cuiabá, capital of MatoGrosso, the highest occurrence is of snakes of the genus Bothrops (81%), followed by Crotalus (4%). Bothrops venom hasproteolytic, coagulant, and hemorrhagic effects, whereas Crotalus venom is neurotoxic, myotoxic and nephrotoxic. Thispaper reports on three cases of Bothrops snakebites in dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Universityof Mato Grosso in 2017.Cases: Three dogs were treated showing clinical signs of snakebite, possibly by Bothrops, since their owners reportedthat these are the snakes most frequently found where they live. This information is consistent with the known geographicdistribution of snakes of the genus Bothrops in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. In the first report (Case 11), the patientwas bitten on two different occasions in a five-month interval, and died presumably due to anaphylactic shock causedby the venom injected by a second snakebite (Case 12). In both episodes, the animal presented a swollen face and neck,dyspnea and eye bleeding, and these signs were more severe in the second episode. Case 2 was a dog with severe neckand chest swelling and pain. The owner of this dog reported that he had taken his dog for a walk in the countryside, alongwith the dog of Case 1, and had returned home with both dogs about three hours before the consultation. Case 3 was aRottweiler living at a small family farm located 67 km from Cuiabá. The animal presented slight swelling and pain in theleft forelimb, and puncture wounds on the lower limb. Neutrophilic leukocytosis was observed in cases 1 and 3. In addition, Case 12 (the second episode of Case 1) presented thrombocytopenia and increased prothrombin time and activatedpartial...

Acidentes botrópicos em cães / Bothrops snakebites in dogs

Background: Snakebites occur frequently among humans and animals. In Brazil, about 23,000 cases of snakebite involving humans were recorded in 2016, 11% of them caused by venomous snakes. In the region of Cuiabá, capital of MatoGrosso, the highest occurrence is of snakes of the genus Bothrops (81%), followed by Crotalus (4%). Bothrops venom hasproteolytic, coagulant, and hemorrhagic effects, whereas Crotalus venom is neurotoxic, myotoxic and nephrotoxic. Thispaper reports on three cases of Bothrops snakebites in dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Universityof Mato Grosso in 2017.Cases: Three dogs were treated showing clinical signs of snakebite, possibly by Bothrops, since their owners reportedthat these are the snakes most frequently found where they live. This information is consistent with the known geographicdistribution of snakes of the genus Bothrops in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. In the first report (Case 11), the patientwas bitten on two different occasions in a five-month interval, and died presumably due to anaphylactic shock causedby the venom injected by a second snakebite (Case 12). In both episodes, the animal presented a swollen face and neck,dyspnea and eye bleeding, and these signs were more severe in the second episode. Case 2 was a dog with severe neckand chest swelling and pain. The owner of this dog reported that he had taken his dog for a walk in the countryside, alongwith the dog of Case 1, and had returned home with both dogs about three hours before the consultation. Case 3 was aRottweiler living at a small family farm located 67 km from Cuiabá. The animal presented slight swelling and pain in theleft forelimb, and puncture wounds on the lower limb. Neutrophilic leukocytosis was observed in cases 1 and 3. In addition, Case 12 (the second episode of Case 1) presented thrombocytopenia and increased prothrombin time and activatedpartial...(AU)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis in riverside communities of the Cuiabá river watershed / Leishmaniose Visceral canina em comunidades ribeirinhas da bacia do rio Cuiabá

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic zoonosis expanding in Brazil. Several municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso including those on the river Cuiabá have reported the incidence of both human and canine cases and the identification of sandfly vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lu. cruzi. Dogs are considered the main reservoir of Leishmania chagasi in the urban areas, hence, we devised a cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the prevalence of the infection in the dogs of riverside communities on Cuiabá River watershed by parasitological (parasitic isolation in culture), serological, and molecular methods. Of the 248 surveyed dogs, 24 were positive in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with a prevalence of 9.7%. The riverside communities located in the town of Santo Antonio do Leverger displayed a higher prevalence of the disease than the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Dogs born in the communities had a 3.24-fold higher risk of acquiring the infection. Promastigote were isolated in the axenic culture from the bone marrow samples and intact skin. Further, DNA of Leishmania sp. was detected in the bone marrow samples, lymph nodes, leukocyte cover, and skin of only one examined dog. These samples were sequenced and they showed 99% homology to L. infantum. To conclude, we observed a higher prevalence of infection in Riverside communities of Santo Antonio do Leverger and the confirmation of autochthony in these areas justifies the surveillance actions to minimise the risk of transmission within the riverine community itself, besides its dissemination to other areas by tourism.

A Leishmaniose visceral é uma zoonose parasitária em expansão no Brasil. Em vários municípios do Estado de Mato Grosso têm sido notificados casos humanos e caninos, assim como a identificação de flebotomíneos vetores, Lutzomyia longipalpis e Lu. cruzi, inclusive em municípios às margens do Rio Cuiabá. Como o cão é considerado o principal reservatório da Leishmania infantum em áreas urbanas, delineou-se um estudo seccional com o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência da infecção em cães de comunidades ribeirinhas da Bacia do Rio Cuiabá por método parasitológico (isolamento parasitário em cultura), sorológico e molecular. Dos 248 cães pesquisados, 24 foram soro reagentes no ELISA ou IFI, com prevalência de 9,7%. As comunidades ribeirinhas localizadas na cidade de Santo Antônio do Leverger apresentaram maior prevalência que as dos municípios de Cuiabá e Várzea Grande, porém não estatisticamente significativo (p>0,05). Os cães nascidos nas comunidades apresentaram um risco 3,24 vezes maior de adquirir a infecção (p=0,03). Isolamento de promastigota em amostras de medula óssea e pele íntegra e DNA de Leishmania sp. foi detectado em amostras de medula óssea, linfonodo, capa leucocitária e pele íntegra de apenas um cão pesquisado. Tais amostras foram sequenciadas obtendo 99% de homologia a L. infantum. Em conclusão, se observou maior prevalência da infecção nas Comunidades Ribeirinhas do município de Santo Antônio do Leverger, e a comprovação de autoctonia nestas áreas justifica ações de vigilância que minimizem o risco de transmissão para a própria comunidade ribeirinha além da disseminação para outras áreas pelo turismo.

Hemangioma cavernoso cerebral em cão / Cerebral cavernous hemangioma in a dog

Background: Cerebral cavernous hemangioma is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin in the brain, characterized by abnormally dilated vascular channels surrounded by endothelium without muscle or elastic fibers. Presumptive diagnosis isperformed by magnetic resonance or computed tomography (CT) scanning and can be confirmed by histopathology. Theprognosis of intracranial cavernous hemangioma is poor, with progression of clinical signs culminating in spontaneousdeath or euthanasia. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in a dog, presentingthe clinical findings, tomographic changes, and pathological findings.Case: This case involved a 2-year-old medium sized mixed breed female dog presenting with apathy, hyporexia, ataxia,bradycardia, dyspnea, and seizure episodes for three days. Hemogram and serum biochemistry of renal and hepatic function and urinalysis did not reveal any visible changes. CT scanning was also performed. The scans revealed a hyperdensenodule of 15.9 x 14 mm, with well defined borders, and a hypodense halo without post-contrast enhancement and masseffect in the right parietal lobe was observed in both transverse and coronal sections. Based on the image presented in theCT scans, the nodule was defined as a hemorrhagic brain lesion. The animal died after a seizure. The right telencephalonwas subjected to necropsy, which revealed a reddish-black wel-defined nodule 1.7 cm in diameter extending from theheight of the piriform lobe to the olfactory trine at the groove level and extending towards the lateral ventricle, with slightcompression and deformation of the thalamus but no other macroscopic alterations in the other organs. The histopathologyindicated that this nodular area in the encephalus contained moderate, well-delimited but unencapsulated cellularity, composed of large vascular spaces paved with endothelial cells filled with erythrocytes, some containing eosinophilic fibrillarmaterial ...

Hemangioma cavernoso cerebral em cão / Cerebral cavernous hemangioma in a dog

Background: Cerebral cavernous hemangioma is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin in the brain, characterized by abnormally dilated vascular channels surrounded by endothelium without muscle or elastic fibers. Presumptive diagnosis isperformed by magnetic resonance or computed tomography (CT) scanning and can be confirmed by histopathology. Theprognosis of intracranial cavernous hemangioma is poor, with progression of clinical signs culminating in spontaneousdeath or euthanasia. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in a dog, presentingthe clinical findings, tomographic changes, and pathological findings.Case: This case involved a 2-year-old medium sized mixed breed female dog presenting with apathy, hyporexia, ataxia,bradycardia, dyspnea, and seizure episodes for three days. Hemogram and serum biochemistry of renal and hepatic function and urinalysis did not reveal any visible changes. CT scanning was also performed. The scans revealed a hyperdensenodule of 15.9 x 14 mm, with well defined borders, and a hypodense halo without post-contrast enhancement and masseffect in the right parietal lobe was observed in both transverse and coronal sections. Based on the image presented in theCT scans, the nodule was defined as a hemorrhagic brain lesion. The animal died after a seizure. The right telencephalonwas subjected to necropsy, which revealed a reddish-black wel-defined nodule 1.7 cm in diameter extending from theheight of the piriform lobe to the olfactory trine at the groove level and extending towards the lateral ventricle, with slightcompression and deformation of the thalamus but no other macroscopic alterations in the other organs. The histopathologyindicated that this nodular area in the encephalus contained moderate, well-delimited but unencapsulated cellularity, composed of large vascular spaces paved with endothelial cells filled with erythrocytes, some containing eosinophilic fibrillarmaterial ...(AU)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis in riverside communities of the Cuiabá river watershed / Leishmaniose Visceral canina em comunidades ribeirinhas da bacia do rio Cuiabá

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic zoonosis expanding in Brazil. Several municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso including those on the river Cuiabá have reported the incidence of both human and canine cases and the identification of sandfly vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lu. cruzi. Dogs are considered the main reservoir of Leishmania chagasi in the urban areas, hence, we devised a cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the prevalence of the infection in the dogs of riverside communities on Cuiabá River watershed by parasitological (parasitic isolation in culture), serological, and molecular methods. Of the 248 surveyed dogs, 24 were positive in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with a prevalence of 9.7%. The riverside communities located in the town of Santo Antonio do Leverger displayed a higher prevalence of the disease than the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Dogs born in the communities had a 3.24-fold higher risk of acquiring the infection. Promastigote were isolated in the axenic culture from the bone marrow samples and intact skin. Further, DNA of Leishmania sp. was detected in the bone marrow samples, lymph nodes, leukocyte cover, and skin of only one examined dog. These samples were sequenced and they showed 99% homology to L. infantum. To conclude, we observed a higher prevalence of infection in Riverside communities of Santo Antonio do Leverger and the confirmation of autochthony in these areas justifies the surveillance actions to minimise the risk of transmission within the riverine community itself, besides its dissemination to other areas by tourism.(AU)

A Leishmaniose visceral é uma zoonose parasitária em expansão no Brasil. Em vários municípios do Estado de Mato Grosso têm sido notificados casos humanos e caninos, assim como a identificação de flebotomíneos vetores, Lutzomyia longipalpis e Lu. cruzi, inclusive em municípios às margens do Rio Cuiabá. Como o cão é considerado o principal reservatório da Leishmania infantum em áreas urbanas, delineou-se um estudo seccional com o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência da infecção em cães de comunidades ribeirinhas da Bacia do Rio Cuiabá por método parasitológico (isolamento parasitário em cultura), sorológico e molecular. Dos 248 cães pesquisados, 24 foram soro reagentes no ELISA ou IFI, com prevalência de 9,7%. As comunidades ribeirinhas localizadas na cidade de Santo Antônio do Leverger apresentaram maior prevalência que as dos municípios de Cuiabá e Várzea Grande, porém não estatisticamente significativo (p>0,05). Os cães nascidos nas comunidades apresentaram um risco 3,24 vezes maior de adquirir a infecção (p=0,03). Isolamento de promastigota em amostras de medula óssea e pele íntegra e DNA de Leishmania sp. foi detectado em amostras de medula óssea, linfonodo, capa leucocitária e pele íntegra de apenas um cão pesquisado. Tais amostras foram sequenciadas obtendo 99% de homologia a L. infantum. Em conclusão, se observou maior prevalência da infecção nas Comunidades Ribeirinhas do município de Santo Antônio do Leverger, e a comprovação de autoctonia nestas áreas justifica ações de vigilância que minimizem o risco de transmissão para a própria comunidade ribeirinha além da disseminação para outras áreas pelo turismo.(AU)

Natural hemoplasma infection of cats in Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil / Hemoplasmas em felinos domésticos naturalmente infectados em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil

The aim of this research was to investigate natural hemoplasma infection in cats treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, and the factors associated with infection. Blood samples from 151 cats of different sexes, breeds, and ages were analyzed by PCR and blood count. The overall occurrence of hemoplasma was 25.8%. Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMhm), and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (CMt) were observed in 15.2%, 14.6% and 2.6% of cats, respectively. In 6.6 % of cases, co-infection was observed. Male felines or mixed breed cats were associated with infection by CMhm (P = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). The data obtained demonstrated an occurrence of 25.8% for hemoplasma infection in felines coming from clinical care in the city of Cuiabá, where males were at higher risk of acquiring the infection by these agents, in addition to a higher risk for CMhm in felines with no specific breed.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a ocorrência de Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMhm) e Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (CMt) em felinos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso e os fatores associados à positividade. Amostras de sangue de 151 felinos, dos distintos gêneros, raças e idades foram analisadas pela PCR e hemograma. A ocorrência geral de hemoplasmas foi de 25,8% e positividade para Mhf, CMhm e CMt foi observada em 15,2%, 14,6% e 2,6% felinos, respectivamente. Em 6.6% dos casos foi observado co-positividade. Apenas a variável sexo, macho (p = 0,02), foi associada à positividade para hemoplasmas. Felinos sem raça definida foram associados à positividade para CMhm (p = 0,04). Os dados obtidos demonstram prevalência de 25,8% para hemoplasmas em felinos provenientes de atendimento clínico do Hospital Veterinário da UFMT, onde os machos apresentaram maior risco de adquirir a infecção por estes agentes, além de maior risco para CMhm nos felinos sem definição racial.

Natural hemoplasma infection of cats in Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil / Hemoplasmas em felinos domésticos naturalmente infectados em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil

The aim of this research was to investigate natural hemoplasma infection in cats treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, and the factors associated with infection. Blood samples from 151 cats of different sexes, breeds, and ages were analyzed by PCR and blood count. The overall occurrence of hemoplasma was 25.8%. Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMhm), and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (CMt) were observed in 15.2%, 14.6% and 2.6% of cats, respectively. In 6.6 % of cases, co-infection was observed. Male felines or mixed breed cats were associated with infection by CMhm (P = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). The data obtained demonstrated an occurrence of 25.8% for hemoplasma infection in felines coming from clinical care in the city of Cuiabá, where males were at higher risk of acquiring the infection by these agents, in addition to a higher risk for CMhm in felines with no specific breed.(AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a ocorrência de Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMhm) e Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (CMt) em felinos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso e os fatores associados à positividade. Amostras de sangue de 151 felinos, dos distintos gêneros, raças e idades foram analisadas pela PCR e hemograma. A ocorrência geral de hemoplasmas foi de 25,8% e positividade para Mhf, CMhm e CMt foi observada em 15,2%, 14,6% e 2,6% felinos, respectivamente. Em 6.6% dos casos foi observado co-positividade. Apenas a variável sexo, macho (p = 0,02), foi associada à positividade para hemoplasmas. Felinos sem raça definida foram associados à positividade para CMhm (p = 0,04). Os dados obtidos demonstram prevalência de 25,8% para hemoplasmas em felinos provenientes de atendimento clínico do Hospital Veterinário da UFMT, onde os machos apresentaram maior risco de adquirir a infecção por estes agentes, além de maior risco para CMhm nos felinos sem definição racial.(AU)