Coinfecções por Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii em cães necropsiados da região central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Coinfections by Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in necropsied dogs from the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a presença de anticorpos para Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii, por meio da reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), em cães (n=78) provenientes da região central do Rio Grande do Sul, necropsiados no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), bem como avaliar os dados epidemiológicos, sazonais e anátomo-histopatológicos. Do total de animais avaliados, 67,9% (53/78) apresentaram soropositividade para ao menos um agente. A ocorrência de anticorpos para L. infantum, N. caninum e T. gondii foi de 33,3 (26/78), 37,1 (29/78) e 43,5% (34/78), respectivamente. Detectaram-se monoinfecções em 9,4% (5/53) para L. infantum, 18,8% (10/53) para N. caninum e 20,7% (11/53) para T. gondii. As coinfecções foram observadas em 27/53 (50,9%) dos animais. As infecções ocorreram independentemente de idade, sexo, procedência ou raça (P>0,05). Não se verificaram lesões anatomo-histopatológicas relacionadas aos agentes pesquisados, caracterizando-os como animais assintomáticos. Os resultados confirmaram a exposição de cães a esses protozoários na região central do RS e, em especial, demonstraram a circulação do agente causador da leishmaniose em uma área considerada indene para a enfermidade.(AU)

The present paper is aimed to determine the presence of antibodies for Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) in dogs (n=78) from the central region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul necropsied in the Veterinary Hospital from Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). The data was evaluated regarding epidemiological, anatomic, and histopathologic findings. Of the total animals evaluated, 67.9% (53/78) showed seropositivity for at least one agent. The occurrence of antibodies to L. infantum, N. caninum and T. gondii was 33.3% (26/78) 37.1% (29/78) and 43.5% (34/78), respectively. The mono infections were detected in 9.4% (5/53) of L. infantum, 18.8% (10/53) for N. caninum and 20.7% (11/53) T. gondii. The coinfections occurred in 50.9% (27/53) of animals. There were not anatomical and histopathological lesions regarding these surveyed agents, characterizing them as subclinical animals. The results confirmed the exposition of dogs to these protozoa in the central region of the RS, highlighting the circulation of the causer agent of leishmaniasis in an area considered harmless for the disease.(AU)

Coinfecções por Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii em cães necropsiados da região central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Coinfections by Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in necropsied dogs from the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a presença de anticorpos para Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii, por meio da reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), em cães (n=78) provenientes da região central do Rio Grande do Sul, necropsiados no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), bem como avaliar os dados epidemiológicos, sazonais e anátomo-histopatológicos. Do total de animais avaliados, 67,9% (53/78) apresentaram soropositividade para ao menos um agente. A ocorrência de anticorpos para L. infantum, N. caninum e T. gondii foi de 33,3 (26/78), 37,1 (29/78) e 43,5% (34/78), respectivamente. Detectaram-se monoinfecções em 9,4% (5/53) para L. infantum, 18,8% (10/53) para N. caninum e 20,7% (11/53) para T. gondii. As coinfecções foram observadas em 27/53 (50,9%) dos animais. As infecções ocorreram independentemente de idade, sexo, procedência ou raça (P>0,05). Não se verificaram lesões anatomo-histopatológicas relacionadas aos agentes pesquisados, caracterizando-os como animais assintomáticos. Os resultados confirmaram a exposição de cães a esses protozoários na região central do RS e, em especial, demonstraram a circulação do agente causador da leishmaniose em uma área considerada indene para a enfermidade.(AU)

The present paper is aimed to determine the presence of antibodies for Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) in dogs (n=78) from the central region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul necropsied in the Veterinary Hospital from Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). The data was evaluated regarding epidemiological, anatomic, and histopathologic findings. Of the total animals evaluated, 67.9% (53/78) showed seropositivity for at least one agent. The occurrence of antibodies to L. infantum, N. caninum and T. gondii was 33.3% (26/78) 37.1% (29/78) and 43.5% (34/78), respectively. The mono infections were detected in 9.4% (5/53) of L. infantum, 18.8% (10/53) for N. caninum and 20.7% (11/53) T. gondii. The coinfections occurred in 50.9% (27/53) of animals. There were not anatomical and histopathological lesions regarding these surveyed agents, characterizing them as subclinical animals. The results confirmed the exposition of dogs to these protozoa in the central region of the RS, highlighting the circulation of the causer agent of leishmaniasis in an area considered harmless for the disease.(AU)

Biomarcadores inflamatórios e de estresse oxidativo em cadelas submetidas à ovário-histerectomia videoassistida ou convencional / Inflammation and oxidative stress indicators in bitches submitted to laparoscopic-assisted or conventional ovariohysterectomy

A videocirurgia é atualmente uma das principais ferramentas operatórias, com vantagens que incluem menor estresse, incisões e dor pós-operatória quando comparada aos procedimentos abertos. Objetivou-se comparar o processo inflamatório e o estresse oxidativo resultantes das técnicas de ovário-histerectomia (OVH) convencional e videoassistida, com dois portais em cadelas, por meio de hemograma, avaliação de acetilcolinesterase, butirilcolinesterase, catalase e malondialdeído séricos, imediatamente antes da operação e duas, seis, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas após a cirurgia. Observou-se menor estresse cirúrgico nas pacientes operadas pela técnica videoassistida, e sugere-se que a técnica convencional possa implicar peroxidação lipídica, mesmo com o uso de anti-inflamatório.(AU)

Videosurgery is currently a very important surgical tool with several benefits over the open surgery, including less surgical stress, shorter incisions and less postoperative pain. The purpose of this study was to compare the inflammatory process and oxidative stress between conventional and two-port laparoscopic-assisted ovariohisterectomy (OVH) in bitches. Complete blood counting, serum acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, catalase and malondialdehyde were assessed on the baseline and at two, six, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery. The patients submitted to the videoassisted technique presented lower inflammatory response. There are suggestions that the conventional technique promotes lipid peroxidation, even with the use of anti-inflammatories.(AU)

The effect of different feeding schedules on egg quality, blood, and bone parameters in broiler breeders

The aim of this study was to evaluate different feeding schedules and their relationship to calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) plasma levels and egg quality of broiler breeders. The feeding schedules were: single feeding at 8:00 AM; twice daily feeding (50% at 8:00 AM and 50% at 3:00 PM) and single feeding at 3:00 PM. 330 female and 45 male Cobb 500 broiler breeders were used from 40 to 60 weeks of age. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of 3 treatments with 5 replicates each, with 22 females and 3 males. The nutritional requirements were according to guideline recommendations. The following parameters were assessed weekly: total egg production, egg specific gravity, egg and eggshell weight, and eggshell thickness. Ca and P plasma levels, tibia weight and its length and Seedor index were evaluated at the end of the study. To determine the effect of feeding schedules, the total calcium and phosphorus plasma at oviposition time and 21 h after oviposition was evaluated. At 60 weeks of age, tibias were taken from the right leg, dried, measured and weighted. There were no differences among treatments regarding egg production, tibia length and Seedor index. Hens fed at 8:00 AM showed higher tibia weight than hens fed twice daily. Broiler breeders fed at 3:00 PM had higher egg (P = 0.0105) and shell (P = 0.0066) weight than others, and hens fed at 3:00 PM had more specific gravity (P = 0.0219) and eggshell thickness (P = 0.0419) than hens fed at 8:00 AM. Ca (P = 0.758) and P (P = 0.811) plasma levels were higher in hens fed at 8:00 AM than hens fed at 3:00 PM after 21 h of oviposition. Broiler breeders fed at 3:00 PM had better egg quality without any change in production, as well as these hens showing higher available Ca and P plasma levels.

The effect of different feeding schedules on egg quality, blood, and bone parameters in broiler breeders

The aim of this study was to evaluate different feeding schedules and their relationship to calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) plasma levels and egg quality of broiler breeders. The feeding schedules were: single feeding at 8:00 AM; twice daily feeding (50% at 8:00 AM and 50% at 3:00 PM) and single feeding at 3:00 PM. 330 female and 45 male Cobb 500 broiler breeders were used from 40 to 60 weeks of age. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of 3 treatments with 5 replicates each, with 22 females and 3 males. The nutritional requirements were according to guideline recommendations. The following parameters were assessed weekly: total egg production, egg specific gravity, egg and eggshell weight, and eggshell thickness. Ca and P plasma levels, tibia weight and its length and Seedor index were evaluated at the end of the study. To determine the effect of feeding schedules, the total calcium and phosphorus plasma at oviposition time and 21 h after oviposition was evaluated. At 60 weeks of age, tibias were taken from the right leg, dried, measured and weighted. There were no differences among treatments regarding egg production, tibia length and Seedor index. Hens fed at 8:00 AM showed higher tibia weight than hens fed twice daily. Broiler breeders fed at 3:00 PM had higher egg (P = 0.0105) and shell (P = 0.0066) weight than others, and hens fed at 3:00 PM had more specific gravity (P = 0.0219) and eggshell thickness (P = 0.0419) than hens fed at 8:00 AM. Ca (P = 0.758) and P (P = 0.811) plasma levels were higher in hens fed at 8:00 AM than hens fed at 3:00 PM after 21 h of oviposition. Broiler breeders fed at 3:00 PM had better egg quality without any change in production, as well as these hens showing higher available Ca and P plasma levels.(AU)

Biomarcadores inflamatórios e de estresse oxidativo em cadelas submetidas à ovário-histerectomia videoassistida ou convencional / Inflammation and oxidative stress indicators in bitches submitted to laparoscopic-assisted or conventional ovariohysterectomy

A videocirurgia é atualmente uma das principais ferramentas operatórias, com vantagens que incluem menor estresse, incisões e dor pós-operatória quando comparada aos procedimentos abertos. Objetivou-se comparar o processo inflamatório e o estresse oxidativo resultantes das técnicas de ovário-histerectomia (OVH) convencional e videoassistida, com dois portais em cadelas, por meio de hemograma, avaliação de acetilcolinesterase, butirilcolinesterase, catalase e malondialdeído séricos, imediatamente antes da operação e duas, seis, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas após a cirurgia. Observou-se menor estresse cirúrgico nas pacientes operadas pela técnica videoassistida, e sugere-se que a técnica convencional possa implicar peroxidação lipídica, mesmo com o uso de anti-inflamatório.(AU)

Videosurgery is currently a very important surgical tool with several benefits over the open surgery, including less surgical stress, shorter incisions and less postoperative pain. The purpose of this study was to compare the inflammatory process and oxidative stress between conventional and two-port laparoscopic-assisted ovariohisterectomy (OVH) in bitches. Complete blood counting, serum acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, catalase and malondialdehyde were assessed on the baseline and at two, six, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery. The patients submitted to the videoassisted technique presented lower inflammatory response. There are suggestions that the conventional technique promotes lipid peroxidation, even with the use of anti-inflammatories.(AU)

Avaliação soroepidemiológica do vírus influenza em aves domésticas e silvestres no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

The presence of antibodies to the avian influenza virus subtypes H1N1 and H3N2, was studied through the technique of hemagglutination inhibition in the plasma of 225 birds of RIO-ZOO Foundation, Bwana Park and of small flocks of the Rio de Janeiro State. Among the studied birds, 60 (26.6%) were seropositives, being 22 (9.8%) for the subtype H1N1, 28 (12.4%) for the subtype H3N2 and 10 (4.4%) for both subtypes. These results indicate the occurrence of these avian influenza virus subtypes in Rio de Janeiro and point out the potential risk of their transmission for the industrial poultry and humans.

Estudou-se a presença de anticorpos para o vírus da influenza aviária, subtipos H1N1 e H3N2, por meio da técnica de inibição da hemaglutinação no plasma de 225 aves da Fundação RIO-ZOO, do Bwana Park e de pequenas criações do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Entre as aves estudadas 60 (26,6%) foram soropositivas, sendo 22 (9,8%) para o subtipo H1N1, 28 (12,4%) para o subtipo H3N2 e 10 (4,4%) para os dois subtipos. Esses resultados indicam a ocorrência dos subtipos do vírus da influenza aviária investigados no Rio de Janeiro e apontam para o risco potencial de sua transmissão para a avicultura industrial e para pessoas.