Bem-estar dos organismos aquáticos e protocolos de avaliação para aquicultura / Welfare of aquatic organisms and assessment protocols for aquaculture

Peixes, anfíbios, répteis, moluscos cefalópodes e crustáceos decápodes são sencientes, e por isso, procedimentos de cultivo e de abate desses animais precisam atender aos critérios de bem-estar. Protocolos de bem-estar têm sido propostos para espécies da aquicultura de relevância econômica trançando novos rumos para atividade, mas infelizmente na maioria das propriedades brasileiras, não são adotados. Nesta revisão, contém informações sobre o cenário atual e os métodos de avaliação de bem-estar dos organismos aquáticos disponíveis na literatura científica, a fim de contribuir para a implantação de métodos, processos e estruturas que garantam o bom estado fisiológico e comportamental durante a vida e morte dos animais em cativeiro. Os dados disponíveis indicam que o estresse, a sanidade, as condições nutricionais e os métodos de insensibilização são os principais indicadores de bem-estar na aquicultura. Portanto, é imprescindível garantir estruturas adequadas ao sistema de produção, protocolos de vacinação, dietas balanceadas compostas principalmente por fontes protéicas de qualidade, depuração pré-abate e métodos de insensibilização que levam à perda de consciência imediata.

Fish, amphibians, reptiles, cephalopod molluscs and decapod crustaceans are sentient, so these animals' cultivation and slaughter procedures must meet welfare criteria. Welfare protocols have been proposed for aquaculture species of economic relevance, tracing new directions for the activity, but unfortunately, in most Brazilian properties, they are not adopted. This review contains information about the current scenario and the methods of evaluating the welfare of aquatic organisms available in the scientific literature to contribute to the implementation of methods, processes and structures that ensure a good physiological and behavioral state during the life and death of the animals in captivity. Available data indicate that stress, health, nutritional conditions and stunning methods are the main indicators of welfare in aquaculture. Therefore, ensuring adequate structures for the production system, vaccination protocols, balanced diets composed mainly of quality protein sources, pre-slaughter purification, and stunning methods that lead to immediate loss of consciousness is essential.

Análise histórica da implantação do Serviço de Inspeção Municipal em Uberlândia e sua adesão ao SISBI/POA / Historical analysis of the implementation of the Municipal Inspection Service, in Uberlândia and its adhesion to SISBI/POA

O Serviço de Inspeção Municipal (SIM) de Uberlândia/MG foi criado em 1993, a princípio com o objetivo de coibir a prática do abate clandestino no município. Em 2009, houve a adesão ao SISBI/POA, que tem por objetivo estabelecer métodos universalizados e aplicados equitativamente em todos os estabelecimentos inspecionados e, por conseguinte, habilitar as indústrias sob inspeção municipal, que antes tinham o comércio restrito aos limites do município, a comercializarem seus produtos em todo o território nacional, promovendo maior desenvolvimento econômico, geração de renda e aumento de divisas para o município. Atualmente, 35 indústrias estão registradas no SIM de Uberlândia/MG, com programas de autocontrole implantados para assegurar a inocuidade, a identidade, a qualidade e a integridade dos produtos. Ao longo dos anos de atuação do SIM, houve a necessidade de estabelecer princípios e técnicas que permitissem de forma objetiva o diagnóstico das não conformidades e a definição de soluções mais específicas e eficientes frente à realidade do serviço e para a definição das fiscalizações oficiais. O fomento ao desenvolvimento de agroindústrias rurais de pequeno porte possibilitou a regularização da produção informal da agricultura familiar, gerando oportunidades de renda aos produtores rurais. Com 29 anos de atuação, o SIM de Uberlândia/MG serve de incentivo e modelo a outros municípios.

The Municipal Inspection Service (MIS) of Uberlândia/MG was created in 1993, initially to curb the practice of clandestine slaughter in the city. In 2009, the MIS adhered to SISBI/POA, which aims to establish universal methods applied equitably in all inspected establishments and, therefore, enable industries under municipal inspection, which previously had commerce restricted to the limits of the municipality, to market their products throughout the national territory, promoting greater economic development, income generation, and increase in foreign exchange for the municipality. Currently, 35 industries are registered in the MIS of Uberlândia/MG, with self-control programs implemented to ensure the safety, identity, quality, and integrity of the products. Over the years of MIS's activities, there was a need to establish principles and techniques that objectively allow the diagnosis of non-conformities and the definition of more specific and efficient solutions in view of the reality of the service and for the definition of official inspections. Fostering the development of small-scale rural agro-industries enabled the regularization of informal family farming production, generating income opportunities for rural producers. With 29 years of operation, the MIS of Uberlândia/MG serves as an incentive and model for other municipalities.

Economic losses due to the occurrence of cysticercosis in cattle from cities located in Minas Gerais, Brazil / Perdas econômicas devido à ocorrência de cisticercose em bovinos procedentes de municípios localizados em Minas Gerais, Brasil

Cysticercosis represents an important public health problem that can cause significant economic losses to the beef industry. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of cysticercosis in cattle and estimate the economic losses to producers associated with this parasitic disease. Data were collected from the official sanitary inspection service of a slaughterhouse located in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, southeast Brazil, from 2009 to 2016. A total of 358,383 cattle from 46 cities in Minas Gerais, Brazil, were slaughtered, of which 4,243 were infected with cysticercosis (1.18%). A total of 5,194 cysticerci were detected in these carcasses, of which 4,548 (87.56%) were alive and 646 (12.44%) were calcified. Most of the cysticerci were located in the masseter and pterygoid masticatory muscles (72.41%). As to the classification of cysticercosis according to the degree of infection of organs and/or parts affected, mild infection was the most frequently observed (92.36%). Rural producers had a total of R$ 1,755,204.20 (US$ 537,526.80) of economic losses due to bovine cysticercosis during the time span of eight years covered by this retrospective study. The importance of the sanitary inspection of meat in the control of this major zoonotic diseases is emphasized.(AU)

A cisticercose representa um importante problema de saúde pública que pode causar prejuízos econômicos impactantes para a cadeia da carne bovina. Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a frequência da ocorrência de cisticercose em bovinos e as perdas econômicas aos produtores. Foram coletados dados do serviço de inspeção sanitária oficial de um abatedouro frigorífico de Uberlândia, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, no período de 2009 a 2016. Foram abatidos 358.383 bovinos, provenientes de 46 municípios de Minas Gerais, sendo que destes, 4.243 estavam infectados com cisticercose (1,18%). Foram detectados um total de 5.194 cisticercos, sendo 4.548 (87,56%) vivos e 646 (12,44%) calcificados. A maioria dos cisticercos estava localizada nos músculos mastigatórios masseteres e pterigóides (72,41%). Quanto à classificação da cisticercose, de acordo com o grau de infecção dos órgãos e/ou partes, a infecção discreta foi a que mais ocorreu (92,36%). Verificou-se que os produtores rurais tiveram um total de R$ 1.755.204,20 (US$ 537.526,80) de perdas econômicas durante o período analisado de oito anos devido à ocorrência de cisticercose no rebanho bovino. Destacou-se a importância da inspeção sanitária de carnes, no controle desta importante zoonose.(AU)

Effect of aqueous extract of the leaves of Baccharis trimera on the proliferation of hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy in rats

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Baccharis trimera leaves on the proliferative capacity of the liver after partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats weighing between 300 and 450g were divided into two groups: control (HP) and test (HP100-rats that received the aqueous extract of Baccharis trimera for four days at a dose of 100 mg / kg / day). On the fifth day, animals from both groups underwent resection of 70% of the liver. Twenty-four hours later, they were sacrificed and the remnant liver was removed and prepared for studied through PCNA immunohistochemistry. Data analysis for comparison between the two groups was made through the non-parametric statistical test Mann-Whitney test. Results: In all the animals studied was found most abundant nuclear immunostaining positive hepatocytes interlobular located in regions of the liver. Quantitative analysis of PCNA-positive cells revealed positivity rate significantly higher mean (p = 0.02) in HP100 group (77.1 ± 13.6) compared to the HP group (45.8 ± 12.9). Conclusion: DAdministration of aqueous extract of the leaves of Baccharis trimera 100 mg/kg of animal has a significant positive effect on liver regeneration in rats, 24 hours after hepatectomy (70%).(AU)

Two new cave-dwelling genera of short-tailed whip-scorpions from Brazil (Arachnida: Schizomida: Hubbardiidae)

Two new genera of short-tailed whip-scorpions are described based on material from Brazilian iron ore and canga caves in the Carajás region, Pará, Brazil. Naderiore gen. nov. with a single species N. carajas sp. nov. and also monotypic Cangazomus gen. nov. (type species C. xikrin sp. nov.). The relationships of the two new genera with previously described genera are discussed. Naderiore most closely resembles Adisomus Cokendolpher & Reddell, 2000, Piaroa Villarreal, Tourinho & Giupponi, 2008 and Calima Moreno-González & Villarreal, 2012, and can be distinguished from them by Dm3 modified as macrosetae in the male flagellum. Cangazomus most closely resembles Naderiore , Adisomus Cokendolpher & Reddell, 2000, and Piaroa Villarreal, Tourinho & Giupponi, 2008. It differs from all of them by the presence of two pairs of ramified spermathecal lobes, each composed of a differentiated stalk and distoterminal ramified bulbs, chitinized arch without anterior branch and notched lateral tip, pedipalps unarmed and not sexually dimorphic, and the male flagellar setae Dm3 as a microsetae.

Two new cave-dwelling genera of short-tailed whip-scorpions from Brazil (Arachnida: Schizomida: Hubbardiidae)

Two new genera of short-tailed whip-scorpions are described based on material from Brazilian iron ore and canga caves in the Carajás region, Pará, Brazil. Naderiore gen. nov. with a single species N. carajas sp. nov. and also monotypic Cangazomus gen. nov. (type species C. xikrin sp. nov.). The relationships of the two new genera with previously described genera are discussed. Naderiore most closely resembles Adisomus Cokendolpher & Reddell, 2000, Piaroa Villarreal, Tourinho & Giupponi, 2008 and Calima Moreno-González & Villarreal, 2012, and can be distinguished from them by Dm3 modified as macrosetae in the male flagellum. Cangazomus most closely resembles Naderiore , Adisomus Cokendolpher & Reddell, 2000, and Piaroa Villarreal, Tourinho & Giupponi, 2008. It differs from all of them by the presence of two pairs of ramified spermathecal lobes, each composed of a differentiated stalk and distoterminal ramified bulbs, chitinized arch without anterior branch and notched lateral tip, pedipalps unarmed and not sexually dimorphic, and the male flagellar setae Dm3 as a microsetae.(AU)

A new species of Cryptocellus (Arachnida: Ricinulei) from Eastern Amazonia

Cryptocellus canga sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in several caves at Carajás National Forest, Pará, Brazil. The new species differs from other species of the genus by the morphology of copulatory apparatus of the male leg III.

A new species of Cryptocellus (Arachnida: Ricinulei) from Eastern Amazonia

Cryptocellus canga sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in several caves at Carajás National Forest, Pará, Brazil. The new species differs from other species of the genus by the morphology of copulatory apparatus of the male leg III.

A new species of Cryptocellus (Arachnida: Ricinulei) from Eastern Amazonia

Cryptocellus canga sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in several caves at Carajás National Forest, Pará, Brazil. The new species differs from other species of the genus by the morphology of copulatory apparatus of the male leg III.

Detecção de polimorfismo por fAPL, em plântulas, e colnagem por estaquia de quatro porta-enxertos para citros

A produção de mudas cítricas envolve a propagação sexuada dos porta-enxertos e assexuada (enxertia) das variedades copas. As sementes de citros são em sua maioria poliembriônicas, o que resulta na emergência de mais de um embrião, sendo necessária a realização do "rouguing", deixando-se apenas a plântula mais vigorosa, sendo considerada como de origem nucelar e portanto, mantendo as características da planta-mãe, eliminando-se então as demais plântulas. No entanto, é notável em pomares a variabilidade existente entre as plantas, seja quanto à precocidade de produção, qualidade dos frutos, ou tolerância à doenças. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência da seleção visual realizada nos viveiros de mudas cítricas, verificando, através da utilização de marcador molecular (fAFLP), a identificidade genética dos materiais entre si e quando comparados à plantas matrizes, além de realizar-se um estudo referente à propagação assexuada dos porta-enxertos, através da estaquia, avaliando-se a influência da época de coleta das estacas, dose de regulador de crescimento (ácido indolbutírico), concentrações de Carbono e Nitrogênio, nas porcentagens de sobrevivência e enraizamento das estacas, número médio de raízes por estaca e comprimento médio das raízes. Foram utilizadas quatro espécies de porta-enxertos: limão Cravo (Citrus limonia), Tangerina Sunki (Citrus sunkl), Tangerina Cleópatra (Citrus reshm), e Citrumelo Swingle (Citrus paradise x Poncirus trifoliata)

The production of citric seedlings involve the sexual propagation of the rootstocks and asexual (grafting) of the scion varieties. The seeds of citrus are, in majority, poliembryonics, what results in emergency of more than one embryo, being necessary the realization of "rouguing", leaving only the more vigorous seedling and consequently, eliminating the other seedlings. However, is notable in orchards the variability existent among the plants, be as the precocity of production, quality of fruits, or tolerance to diseases. Due to this, had the objective to evaluate the efficiency of visual selection realized in nurseries of citric seedlings, verifying by the use of molecular marker (fAFLP), the genetic identificy of the materiais each other and when compared with a main plant, besides to realize a study regarding to asexual propagation of the rootstocks, by cutting, evaluating the influence of the epoch of collect of the cuttings, growth regulator dose (indolbutiric acid), concentration of Carbon and Nitrogen, in percentages of survival and rooting of the cuttings, number medium of the roots by cutting and length medium of the roots. Were utilized four species of rootstocks: Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia), Sunki mandarin (Citrus sunkl), Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshm), and Citrumelo Swingle (Citrus paradise x Poncirus trifoliata)

Propagação vegetativa de quatro porta-enxertos para citros

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