Aspectos terapêuticos de cães com diagnóstico presuntivo de epilepsia idiopática / Therapeutic aspects of dogs with presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterised by recurrent epileptic seizures. Various antiepileptic drugs are used for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for long-term treatment in dogs. Although it is well tolerated, phenobarbital can cause liver injury if administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Therefore, the main of this study was to identify dogs with presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy and information about the antiepileptic drugs, the dose and frequency of administration, period of treatment, frequency of the seizure before and after start the treatment, complementary exams and adverse effects. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study were included 21 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. All dogs were examined and having blood taken for blood count, biochemical tests (ALT, AST, AP, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, amylase, lipase, cholesterol and triglycerides), measurement of serum phenobarbital and/or potassium bromide and, some dogs, free T4 by dialysis and canine TSH. In this study, it was observed monotherapy (phenobarbital) in 76.19% (16/21), double therapy (phenobarbital and potassium bromide) in 19.05% (4/21) and triple therapy (phenobarbital, potassium bromide and gabapentin) in 4.76% (1/21) of dogs. The phenobarbital was used as monotherapy with dose between 1.4 and 12 mg kg-1 and the median of serum concentration was 26.41 μg kg-1. There was significant reduction in the frequency of the seizure after start the treatment. There was refractory to antiepileptic drugs in two dogs (9.5%). In blood analysis, there was increase serum activities of AP (23.81%) and ALT (14.20%), decrease total protein (42.29%), hypoalbuminemia (9.5%) and it was not increased AST activities. The main adverse effects were nodularliver damage and hypothyroidism. [...]

Aspectos terapêuticos de cães com diagnóstico presuntivo de epilepsia idiopática / Therapeutic aspects of dogs with presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterised by recurrent epileptic seizures. Various antiepileptic drugs are used for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for long-term treatment in dogs. Although it is well tolerated, phenobarbital can cause liver injury if administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Therefore, the main of this study was to identify dogs with presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy and information about the antiepileptic drugs, the dose and frequency of administration, period of treatment, frequency of the seizure before and after start the treatment, complementary exams and adverse effects. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study were included 21 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. All dogs were examined and having blood taken for blood count, biochemical tests (ALT, AST, AP, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, amylase, lipase, cholesterol and triglycerides), measurement of serum phenobarbital and/or potassium bromide and, some dogs, free T4 by dialysis and canine TSH. In this study, it was observed monotherapy (phenobarbital) in 76.19% (16/21), double therapy (phenobarbital and potassium bromide) in 19.05% (4/21) and triple therapy (phenobarbital, potassium bromide and gabapentin) in 4.76% (1/21) of dogs. The phenobarbital was used as monotherapy with dose between 1.4 and 12 mg kg-1 and the median of serum concentration was 26.41 μg kg-1. There was significant reduction in the frequency of the seizure after start the treatment. There was refractory to antiepileptic drugs in two dogs (9.5%). In blood analysis, there was increase serum activities of AP (23.81%) and ALT (14.20%), decrease total protein (42.29%), hypoalbuminemia (9.5%) and it was not increased AST activities. The main adverse effects were nodularliver damage and hypothyroidism. [...](AU)

Prednisona e meloxicam no tratamento de ratos submetidos ao trauma agudo da medula espinhal / Prednisone and meloxicam in the treatment of rats underwent to acute spinal cord injury

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da prednisona e do meloxicam na terapia de ratos submetidos ao modelo experimental de trauma agudo da medula espinhal, induzida pelo cateter de Fogarty 2Fr, mediante a avaliação dos parâmetros de estresse oxidativo, dos testes neurológicos e do exame histopatológico da medula espinhal. Foram utilizados 90 ratos Wistar, distribuídos em seis grupos, denominados controle salina ou GCS (n=15), controle prednisona ou GCP (n=15), controle meloxicam ou GCM (n=15), trauma mais salina ou GTS (n=15), trauma mais prednisona ou GTP (n=15) e trauma mais meloxicam GTM (n=15). Cada grupo foi redistribuído em três subgrupos de igual número, de acordo com o tempo de tratamento no pós-operatório de 24h, 72h e sete dias. Todos os grupos foram submetidos à laminectomia e, nos grupos GTS, GTM e GTP, após a exposição da medula espinhal, foi realizado o trauma medular compressivo, utilizando o cateter de Fogarty 2Fr. Os grupos GCS e GTS foram tratados com solução salina, os GSM e GTM receberam meloxicam e os GSP e GTP prednisona, sendo administrados pela via intraperitoneal. Em todos os ratos, foram avaliados os parâmetros de estresse oxidativo, testes neurológicos e exame histopatológico da medula espinhal. Os animais dos grupos GTS, GTM e GTP, nos diferentes tempos (24h, 72h e sete dias), tiveram pontuação zero na escala de Basso, Beattie e Bresnahan (BBB); no plano inclinado, permaneceram com pontuação três e perderam a percepção da dor profunda. Os grupos GTM e GTP apresentaram menor atividade da catalase e de níveis de TBARS, quando comparado ao grupo GTS. Foi constatada degeneração Walleriana e necrose da substância cinzenta de intensidades variáveis, não apresentando diferença entre os grupos submetidos ao trauma. O meloxicam e a prednisona apresentam possível efeito antioxidante, mas não impedem a necrose e a degeneração Walleriana da medula espinhal de ratos.(AU)

The aim of the study was investigate the use of the prednisone and meloxicam in treatment of rats underwent to the experimental model of acute spinal cord injury with 2Fr Fogarty catheter, with evaluation of the oxidative stress, neurological test and histopathological analysis of the spinal cord. Ninety rats were separated into six equal groups denominated saline control or SCG, prednisone control or PCG, meloxicam control or MCG, saline and injury or STG, prednisone and injury PTG and meloxicam and injury MTG. Each group was divide into three subgroups according to treatment time in the postoperative period of 24h, 72h and seven days. All the rats underwent laminectomy and in the groups STG, MTG and PTG, after exposure of the spinal cord it was performed a compressive spinal cord injury with a 2Fr Fogarty catheter. The SCG and STG were treated with saline, MSG and MTG, with meloxicam and PSG and PTG with prednisone. All rats were evaluated for oxidative stress, neurological tests and histopathology of the spinal cord. Neurological tests were performed with Basso, Beattie e Bresnahan score (BBB), inclined plane and deep pain 24 hours before and after surgery and repeated every 48 hours until the day of euthanasia. The groups STG, MTG and PTG in the different times were zero point in the BBB scale and three points in the inclined plane and absence of deep pain. MTG and PTG had lower catalase activity and TBARS levels when compared to the STG. In the histopathological analysis it was found Wallerian degeneration and necrosis of gray matter of intensity variation. Meloxicam and prednisone can exhibit antioxidant effect, but the necrosis and Wallerian degeneration were not stop in rats underwent to acute spinal cord injury.(AU)

Doença da fratura em pequenos animais: revisão de literatura / Fracture disease in the small animals: review

A doença da fratura caracteriza-se por alterações ósseas e musculares decorrentes de falhas entre o contatoósseo, complicações causadas pelo acesso cirúrgico e contaminação no foco de fratura. Tais alteraçõessão importantes, pois afetam diretamente no tempo de cicatrização óssea além de interferir no sucesso cirúrgico.Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma breve revisão de literatura sobre a patogenia destasprincipais alterações ósseas em pequenos animais,bem como as suas formas de tratamento e profilaxia.AU

The fracture disease is characterized by bone and muscle changes resulting from failures between contact bone,complications caused by surgical access and contamination in the fracture. These changes are important becausethey affect directly the time of fracture healing and surgical success. This paper aims to show a short reviewabout the pathogenesis of these bony changes in small animals and main forms of treatment and prophylaxis.AU

Doença da fratura em pequenos animais: revisão de literatura / Fracture disease in the small animals: review

A doença da fratura caracteriza-se por alterações ósseas e musculares decorrentes de falhas entre o contatoósseo, complicações causadas pelo acesso cirúrgico e contaminação no foco de fratura. Tais alteraçõessão importantes, pois afetam diretamente no tempo de cicatrização óssea além de interferir no sucesso cirúrgico.Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma breve revisão de literatura sobre a patogenia destasprincipais alterações ósseas em pequenos animais,bem como as suas formas de tratamento e profilaxia.

The fracture disease is characterized by bone and muscle changes resulting from failures between contact bone,complications caused by surgical access and contamination in the fracture. These changes are important becausethey affect directly the time of fracture healing and surgical success. This paper aims to show a short reviewabout the pathogenesis of these bony changes in small animals and main forms of treatment and prophylaxis.