Pituitary carcinoma in a bitch: clinical, tomographic, histopathological and immunohistochemistry findings

Background: Primary pituitary carcinoma is rarely reported in dogs and only few reports describe its malignancy. In veterinary literature, primary pituitary carcinomas correspond up to 2.4% to 3.4% of intracranial neoplasms found in dogs andinformation regarding its biological behavior is quite limited. In humans, primary pituitary carcinomas represent less than1.0% of all tumors found in the pituitary gland. The proposed classification for pituitary carcinoma in humans and dogsdetermines that the tumor must have its origin in adenohypophyseal region and disseminated metastasis by cerebrospinalfluid or systemically to other organs must be observed. In dogs, a few reports have described primary pituitary carcinoma.The goal of this report was to describe clinical, tomographic, histopathological and immunohistochemistry features of abitch with primary pituitary carcinoma with adjacent invasion.Case: A 7-year-old female spayed Golden Retriever dog was assessed by general practice due progressive weight loss,muscular atrophy, lethargy, blindness, head pressing, and hyporexia for 21 days. Computed tomography (CT) showeda cerebral parenchyma with expansive extra-axial base formation, originating from sella turcica topography, measuringabout 2.0 cm dorsally, displacing the third ventricle, suggesting the diagnosis of pituitary neoplasia. The hormones thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) and total thyroxine (T4) as well as stimulation ACTH test were unremarkable. After 7 days,neurological clinical signs progressed and unfortunately the patient died ten days later after hospitalization. A necropsyexam revealed pituitary gland with increased dimensions (2.5 x 2.0 cm). Histopathological fi ndings revealed tumor proliferation in pituitary gland. The neoplasm showed invasion to the nervous parenchyma and metastatic foci between the brainlobes. Immunohistochemistry was positive for keratin and neuron-specifi c enolase...

Um novo aliado contra o câncer: Eletroquimioterapia

A eletroquimioterapia (EQT) tem se destacado na última década em medicina veterinária pela sua capacidade de induzir altas taxas de remissão e controle tumoral local. É uma nova modalidade contra o câncer frente aos tratamentos já empregados na medicina veterinária como a cirurgia oncológica, quimioterapia antineoplásica, criocirurgia, terapia fotodinâmica, imunoterapia e radioterapia. A EQT pode ser utilizada como tratamento paliativo, adjuvante, neoadjuvante, intraoperatória ou guiado por ultrassom para tumores viscerais. Tem se destacado pela sua fácil administração, eficácia, baixa morbidade e limitados efeitos colaterais.

Um novo aliado contra o câncer: Eletroquimioterapia

A eletroquimioterapia (EQT) tem se destacado na última década em medicina veterinária pela sua capacidade de induzir altas taxas de remissão e controle tumoral local. É uma nova modalidade contra o câncer frente aos tratamentos já empregados na medicina veterinária como a cirurgia oncológica, quimioterapia antineoplásica, criocirurgia, terapia fotodinâmica, imunoterapia e radioterapia. A EQT pode ser utilizada como tratamento paliativo, adjuvante, neoadjuvante, intraoperatória ou guiado por ultrassom para tumores viscerais. Tem se destacado pela sua fácil administração, eficácia, baixa morbidade e limitados efeitos colaterais.(AU)

Electrochemotherapy associated with calcium electroporation in metastatic feline cutaneous malignant melanoma

Background: Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is a novel therapeutic treatment that has been studied for cancer due to itsselective killing cancer cells by necrosis and danger signals. Besides that, electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an effective local treatment that involves the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs followed by delivery of electrical pulses to thetumor. The combination with ECT and CaEP has been reported in literature suggesting that additional response of immunesystem could have been enhanced by electroporation with calcium. This case, report on the successful treatment with CaEPcombined with ECT for treatment of a regional metastasis in a feline model of malignant melanoma.Case: A 9-year-old, mixed breed cat was referred to the veterinary clinic with a 2-month history of cutaneous peripalpebralplaque lesion (0.19 cm³) and a submandibular lymph node enlargement (0.5 cm³). Incisional biopsy of the cutaneous lesionand fine-needle aspiration of submandibular lymph node confirmed a cutaneous melanoma with submandibular lymph nodemetastasis. Tumor staging was set in T1N1M0 according to WHO staging criteria. ECT for the primary lesion and lymphnode metastasis was proposed. For the ECT, bleomycin (15,000 UI/m²) application was performed intravenous followedby electroporation (8 pulses of 100 μs at 1000 V/cm, and 1 Hz) using a needle array electrode consisted of two parallelrows with six needles in each row. At 28-day post-ECT complete remission of the primary tumor and metastatic foci wasachieved. However, 120 days after ECT, recurrence was observed in submandibular and retropharyngeal...

Electrochemotherapy associated with calcium electroporation in metastatic feline cutaneous malignant melanoma

Background: Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is a novel therapeutic treatment that has been studied for cancer due to itsselective killing cancer cells by necrosis and danger signals. Besides that, electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an effective local treatment that involves the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs followed by delivery of electrical pulses to thetumor. The combination with ECT and CaEP has been reported in literature suggesting that additional response of immunesystem could have been enhanced by electroporation with calcium. This case, report on the successful treatment with CaEPcombined with ECT for treatment of a regional metastasis in a feline model of malignant melanoma.Case: A 9-year-old, mixed breed cat was referred to the veterinary clinic with a 2-month history of cutaneous peripalpebralplaque lesion (0.19 cm³) and a submandibular lymph node enlargement (0.5 cm³). Incisional biopsy of the cutaneous lesionand fine-needle aspiration of submandibular lymph node confirmed a cutaneous melanoma with submandibular lymph nodemetastasis. Tumor staging was set in T1N1M0 according to WHO staging criteria. ECT for the primary lesion and lymphnode metastasis was proposed. For the ECT, bleomycin (15,000 UI/m²) application was performed intravenous followedby electroporation (8 pulses of 100 μs at 1000 V/cm, and 1 Hz) using a needle array electrode consisted of two parallelrows with six needles in each row. At 28-day post-ECT complete remission of the primary tumor and metastatic foci wasachieved. However, 120 days after ECT, recurrence was observed in submandibular and retropharyngeal...(AU)

Evaluation of hemostatic parameters in tumor-bearing dogs

Background: Hemostatic alterations are commonly detected in canine cancer patients. However, few studies have described hemostatic dysfunction in dogs with different tumor subtypes. In Veterinary Medicine, the state of hypercoagulability is hardly diagnosed alive, since laboratory exams for evaluate hemostatic function are not always requested. Due to importance of homeostatic disorders in cancer patients, this study aimed to evaluate hemostatic alterations such as platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen in tumor-bearing dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: From the 55 dogs evaluated, 30 had mammary carcinoma, 6 visceral hemangiosarcoma, 9 high-grade cutaneous mast cell tumor and 10 multicentric lymphoma. The results were compared to a control group composed by 10 Beagle dogs. Thrombocytosis was observed in 26.6% (8/30) of mammary carcinoma group and thrombocytopenia in 10% (3/30). The patients with hemangiosarcoma and mast cell tumor did not reveal thrombocytosis, however, thrombocytopenia was present in 16.6% (1/6) and 33% (3/9), respectively. Three dogs with multicentric lymphoma showed thrombocytopenia and other three showed thrombocytosis. From patients with thrombocytosis, one was classified as severe thrombocytosis (1077 x 10³/µL). Therefore, there were no statistically significant associations between neoplasia group with control group (P > 0.05). Regarding the aPTT and PT evaluation, mammary carcinoma (P = 0.0005), hemangiosarcoma (P = 0.033) and mast cell tumor (P = 0.012) patients showed statistical difference for aPTT, while the evaluation for PT was not significant (P > 0.05). We grouped all patients as a “tumor group” and compared to the control group. It was possible to observe increased aPTT and PT in 89% (49/55) and 50.90% (28/55) respectively, in tumor group compared to normal.[...]

Evaluation of hemostatic parameters in tumor-bearing dogs

Background: Hemostatic alterations are commonly detected in canine cancer patients. However, few studies have described hemostatic dysfunction in dogs with different tumor subtypes. In Veterinary Medicine, the state of hypercoagulability is hardly diagnosed alive, since laboratory exams for evaluate hemostatic function are not always requested. Due to importance of homeostatic disorders in cancer patients, this study aimed to evaluate hemostatic alterations such as platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen in tumor-bearing dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: From the 55 dogs evaluated, 30 had mammary carcinoma, 6 visceral hemangiosarcoma, 9 high-grade cutaneous mast cell tumor and 10 multicentric lymphoma. The results were compared to a control group composed by 10 Beagle dogs. Thrombocytosis was observed in 26.6% (8/30) of mammary carcinoma group and thrombocytopenia in 10% (3/30). The patients with hemangiosarcoma and mast cell tumor did not reveal thrombocytosis, however, thrombocytopenia was present in 16.6% (1/6) and 33% (3/9), respectively. Three dogs with multicentric lymphoma showed thrombocytopenia and other three showed thrombocytosis. From patients with thrombocytosis, one was classified as severe thrombocytosis (1077 x 10³/µL). Therefore, there were no statistically significant associations between neoplasia group with control group (P > 0.05). Regarding the aPTT and PT evaluation, mammary carcinoma (P = 0.0005), hemangiosarcoma (P = 0.033) and mast cell tumor (P = 0.012) patients showed statistical difference for aPTT, while the evaluation for PT was not significant (P > 0.05). We grouped all patients as a “tumor group” and compared to the control group. It was possible to observe increased aPTT and PT in 89% (49/55) and 50.90% (28/55) respectively, in tumor group compared to normal.[...](AU)

Primary hypoadrenocorticism in a dog / Hipoadrenocorticismo primário em um cão / Hipoadrenocorticismo primario en un perro

This report describes the clinical and laboratorial findings as well as the therapeutic protocol performed in a three-year-old mongrel female intact dog, referred to the Veterinary Hospital of FAMEZ/UFMS. The animal had a previous history of recurrent gastrointestinal signs (such as lethargy, vomiting, loss of appetite, melena and abdominal pain), acute crisis episodes, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia and increase of capillary refill time, recognized as addisonian crisis due to primary hypoadrenocorticism. Laboratorial findings included anemia, eosinophilia, neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, sodium-potassium ratio of 14,02 mEq/L and prerenal azotemia. Based on that, it was confirmed the diagnosis of primary hypoadrenocorcitism. Thus, it was recommended supplementation therapy with mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) and glucocorticoid (cortisol) corresponding respectively, fludrocortisone acetate of 0.2 mg per kg of BW, by mouth, once daily and prednisone 0.2 mg per kg of BW, by mouth, twice daily until further recommendations. The prognostic was excellent, since the animal significantly improved body condition, andclinical signs disappeared after therapy which lead the sodium-potassium ratio to 35.11 mEq/L. Thus, the clinician must always suspect of primary hypoadrenocorticism in dogs with intermittent nonspecific signs that get better with support therapy. Presumably, hypoarenocorticism must be under diagnosed in veterinary medicine, reinforcing the need to require specific exams in patients that show this wax and wane feature of clinical signs.(AU)

O presente relato descreve os achados clínicos, laboratoriais e conduta terapêutica de um animal da espécie canina, fêmea, com três anos de idade, inteiro, sem raça definida, diagnosticado com hipoadrenocorticismo primário atendido no Hospital Veterinário da FAMEZ/UFMS. O animal apresentou histórico de recidivas de sinais gastrintestinais (letargia, vômitos, perda de apetite, melena e dor abdominal), crise adrenal aguda, bradicardia, hipotensão, hipotermia e aumento do tempo de preenchimento capilar. As alterações laboratoriais compreenderam linfocitose, anemia, eosinofilia, neutrofilia, densidade urinária < 1.030, relação sódio: potássio 14,02 mEq/L e azotemia pré-renal. Baseado nos achados clínicos-laboratoriais confirmou-se o hipoadrenocorticismo primário. Em seguida, foi instituído terapia de suplementação de mineralocorticoide (aldosterona) e glicocorticoide (cortisol), correspondendo respectivamente ao acetato de fludrocortisona na dose de 0,2 mg/kg por via oral uma vez ao dia e prednisona 0,2 mg/kg por via oral duas vezes por dia até novas recomendações. O prognóstico foi excelente para este caso, já que houve melhora significativa do animal, com o desaparecimento dos sinais clínicos e com nova relação sódio: potássio de 35,11 mEq/L. Assim, deve-se sempre suspeitar de hipoadrenocorticismo primário canino em pacientes com o curso de aparecimento e desaparecimento com sinais inespecíficos que melhorem com terapia de suporte. Presume-se que o hipoadrenocorticismo primário em cães seja subdiagnosticado na medicina veterinária, por isso a importância dos clínicos em suspeitar e solicitar exames específicos em pacientes que apresentam esse curso da doença.(AU)

El informe describe los hallazgos clínicos, de laboratorio y manejo terapéutico de un perro, hembra, con tres años de edad, entera, mestizo, con diagnóstico de hipoadrenocorticismo primario atendido en el Hospital Veterinario de la FAMEZ/UFMS. El animal tuvo un historial de signos gastrointestinales recurrentes (letargia, vómitos, pérdida de apetito, melena y dolor abdominal), crisis renal aguda, bradicardia, hipotensión, hipotermia y un aumento del tiempo de llenado capilar. Las alteraciones de laboratorio presentaron linfocitosis, anemia, eosinofilia, neutrofilia, densidad de la orina < 1,030, relación sodio: potasio 14,02 mEq/L y azotemia prerrenal. Con base en los hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio, se confirmó el hipoadrenocorticismo primario. A continuación, se introdujo terapia con administración de mineralocorticoide (aldosterona) y glucocorticoide (cortisol), que correspondieron respectivamente al acetato de fludrocortisona a una dosis de 0,2mg/kg por vía oral una vez al día y prednisona 0,2 mg/kg por vía oral dos veces al día hasta nuevas recomendaciones. El pronóstico fue excelente para este caso, ya que hubo mejora significativa del animal, desapareciendo los signos clínicos y con una nueva relación sodio: potasio de 35,11 mEq/L. Por lo tanto, siempre se debe sospechar del hipoadrenocorticismo primario canino en pacientes con el curso de aparecimiento y desaparecimiento con signos inespecíficos que mejoran con terapia de soporte. Es posible que el hipoadrenocorticismo primario en perros sea diagnosticado en la medicina veterinaria, así la importancia de los clínicos en sospechar y solicitar exámenes específicos en pacientes que presentan ese curso de la enfermedad.(AU)

Primary hypoadrenocorticism in a dog / Hipoadrenocorticismo primário em um cão / Hipoadrenocorticismo primario en un perro

This report describes the clinical and laboratorial findings as well as the therapeutic protocol performed in a three-year-old mongrel female intact dog, referred to the Veterinary Hospital of FAMEZ/UFMS. The animal had a previous history of recurrent gastrointestinal signs (such as lethargy, vomiting, loss of appetite, melena and abdominal pain), acute crisis episodes, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia and increase of capillary refill time, recognized as addisonian crisis due to primary hypoadrenocorticism. Laboratorial findings included anemia, eosinophilia, neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, sodium-potassium ratio of 14,02 mEq/L and prerenal azotemia. Based on that, it was confirmed the diagnosis of primary hypoadrenocorcitism. Thus, it was recommended supplementation therapy with mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) and glucocorticoid (cortisol) corresponding respectively, fludrocortisone acetate of 0.2 mg per kg of BW, by mouth, once daily and prednisone 0.2 mg per kg of BW, by mouth, twice daily until further recommendations. The prognostic was excellent, since the animal significantly improved body condition, andclinical signs disappeared after therapy which lead the sodium-potassium ratio to 35.11 mEq/L. Thus, the clinician must always suspect of primary hypoadrenocorticism in dogs with intermittent nonspecific signs that get better with support therapy. Presumably, hypoarenocorticism must be under diagnosed in veterinary medicine, reinforcing the need to require specific exams in patients that show this wax and wane feature of clinical signs.

O presente relato descreve os achados clínicos, laboratoriais e conduta terapêutica de um animal da espécie canina, fêmea, com três anos de idade, inteiro, sem raça definida, diagnosticado com hipoadrenocorticismo primário atendido no Hospital Veterinário da FAMEZ/UFMS. O animal apresentou histórico de recidivas de sinais gastrintestinais (letargia, vômitos, perda de apetite, melena e dor abdominal), crise adrenal aguda, bradicardia, hipotensão, hipotermia e aumento do tempo de preenchimento capilar. As alterações laboratoriais compreenderam linfocitose, anemia, eosinofilia, neutrofilia, densidade urinária < 1.030, relação sódio: potássio 14,02 mEq/L e azotemia pré-renal. Baseado nos achados clínicos-laboratoriais confirmou-se o hipoadrenocorticismo primário. Em seguida, foi instituído terapia de suplementação de mineralocorticoide (aldosterona) e glicocorticoide (cortisol), correspondendo respectivamente ao acetato de fludrocortisona na dose de 0,2 mg/kg por via oral uma vez ao dia e prednisona 0,2 mg/kg por via oral duas vezes por dia até novas recomendações. O prognóstico foi excelente para este caso, já que houve melhora significativa do animal, com o desaparecimento dos sinais clínicos e com nova relação sódio: potássio de 35,11 mEq/L. Assim, deve-se sempre suspeitar de hipoadrenocorticismo primário canino em pacientes com o curso de aparecimento e desaparecimento com sinais inespecíficos que melhorem com terapia de suporte. Presume-se que o hipoadrenocorticismo primário em cães seja subdiagnosticado na medicina veterinária, por isso a importância dos clínicos em suspeitar e solicitar exames específicos em pacientes que apresentam esse curso da doença.

El informe describe los hallazgos clínicos, de laboratorio y manejo terapéutico de un perro, hembra, con tres años de edad, entera, mestizo, con diagnóstico de hipoadrenocorticismo primario atendido en el Hospital Veterinario de la FAMEZ/UFMS. El animal tuvo un historial de signos gastrointestinales recurrentes (letargia, vómitos, pérdida de apetito, melena y dolor abdominal), crisis renal aguda, bradicardia, hipotensión, hipotermia y un aumento del tiempo de llenado capilar. Las alteraciones de laboratorio presentaron linfocitosis, anemia, eosinofilia, neutrofilia, densidad de la orina < 1,030, relación sodio: potasio 14,02 mEq/L y azotemia prerrenal. Con base en los hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio, se confirmó el hipoadrenocorticismo primario. A continuación, se introdujo terapia con administración de mineralocorticoide (aldosterona) y glucocorticoide (cortisol), que correspondieron respectivamente al acetato de fludrocortisona a una dosis de 0,2mg/kg por vía oral una vez al día y prednisona 0,2 mg/kg por vía oral dos veces al día hasta nuevas recomendaciones. El pronóstico fue excelente para este caso, ya que hubo mejora significativa del animal, desapareciendo los signos clínicos y con una nueva relación sodio: potasio de 35,11 mEq/L. Por lo tanto, siempre se debe sospechar del hipoadrenocorticismo primario canino en pacientes con el curso de aparecimiento y desaparecimiento con signos inespecíficos que mejoran con terapia de soporte. Es posible que el hipoadrenocorticismo primario en perros sea diagnosticado en la medicina veterinaria, así la importancia de los clínicos en sospechar y solicitar exámenes específicos en pacientes que presentan ese curso de la enfermedad.

Clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of a primary hemangiosarcoma in a pinscher dog

Background: Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant tumor that arises from the vascular endothelium affecting more often dogs than other species as cats, cows and horses. It comprises approximately 2% of all tumors in dogs. The most common primary site for the HSA in dogs is the spleen, and other locations include the right atrium, pericardium, liver and prostate. Other authors have reported this tumor in lungs, kidney, oral cavity, muscle, bone, urinary bladder, left ventricle, tongue and retroperitoneum. Due to the importance of the HSA in canine species, the aim of this study was to describe the clinical and pathological findings, besides therapeutic protocol in an unusual case of HSA. Case: A six-year-old male pinscher was referred to the veterinary hospital with a history of cyanosis and choking. The animal was submitted to radiographic examination in lateral cervical view, which identified the presence of a mass of 1.2 cm in diameter near the pharynx. In order to evaluate the oral cavity, general anesthesia was performed, and it was possible to see a soft, rosy, circumscribed and vascularized lump in pharyngeal region. Due to suspicion of neoplasm, excisional biopsy without surgical margin was performed. The histopathological exam diagnosed hemangiosarcoma. Immunohistochemistry against vimentin, factor VIII, VEGF and Ki67 was performed and confirmed diagnosis of low grade [...]

Clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of a primary hemangiosarcoma in a pinscher dog

Background: Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant tumor that arises from the vascular endothelium affecting more often dogs than other species as cats, cows and horses. It comprises approximately 2% of all tumors in dogs. The most common primary site for the HSA in dogs is the spleen, and other locations include the right atrium, pericardium, liver and prostate. Other authors have reported this tumor in lungs, kidney, oral cavity, muscle, bone, urinary bladder, left ventricle, tongue and retroperitoneum. Due to the importance of the HSA in canine species, the aim of this study was to describe the clinical and pathological findings, besides therapeutic protocol in an unusual case of HSA. Case: A six-year-old male pinscher was referred to the veterinary hospital with a history of cyanosis and choking. The animal was submitted to radiographic examination in lateral cervical view, which identified the presence of a mass of 1.2 cm in diameter near the pharynx. In order to evaluate the oral cavity, general anesthesia was performed, and it was possible to see a soft, rosy, circumscribed and vascularized lump in pharyngeal region. Due to suspicion of neoplasm, excisional biopsy without surgical margin was performed. The histopathological exam diagnosed hemangiosarcoma. Immunohistochemistry against vimentin, factor VIII, VEGF and Ki67 was performed and confirmed diagnosis of low grade [...](AU)

Giardíase felina - uma zoonose? / Feline giardiasis: a zoonosis?

O protozoário Giardia duodenalis é mundialmente reconhecido como importante causa de doença gastrintestinal em seres humanos e é a infecção parasitária mais comum nos animais de companhia. O quadro clínico da infecção nos animais é altamente variável e pode incluir diarreia aguda, náusea, perda de peso e hipersensibilidade. O objetivo desta revisão é abordar os aspectos relacionados à prevalência da doença no Brasil, etiologia, sinais clínicos, patogênese, diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção levando em consideração sua implicação em medicina veterinária e em saúde pública. Este conhecimento pode permitir a adoção de medidas preventivas e exames parasitológicos periódicos nos gatos domésticos, a fim de minimizar os riscos de transmissão a outros hospedeiros, principalmente ao homem.

The protozoan Giardia duodenalis is worldwide recognized as an important cause of gastrointestinal disease in human beings and the most common parasitic infection in companion animals. The clinical feature of the infection in animals is highly variable and may result in acute diarrhea, nausea, weight loss and hypersensitivity. The aim of this review is to focus on the aspects related to prevalence of the disease in Brazil, etiology, clinical signs, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, regarding its implication in veterinary medicine and public health. This knowledge will allow prophylactic procedures and routine parasitological exams in domestic felines in order to minimize the risks of transmission for other hosts, mainly humans

Giardíase felina - uma zoonose? / Feline giardiasis: a zoonosis?

O protozoário Giardia duodenalis é mundialmente reconhecido como importante causa de doença gastrintestinal em seres humanos e é a infecção parasitária mais comum nos animais de companhia. O quadro clínico da infecção nos animais é altamente variável e pode incluir diarreia aguda, náusea, perda de peso e hipersensibilidade. O objetivo desta revisão é abordar os aspectos relacionados à prevalência da doença no Brasil, etiologia, sinais clínicos, patogênese, diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção levando em consideração sua implicação em medicina veterinária e em saúde pública. Este conhecimento pode permitir a adoção de medidas preventivas e exames parasitológicos periódicos nos gatos domésticos, a fim de minimizar os riscos de transmissão a outros hospedeiros, principalmente ao homem.(AU)

The protozoan Giardia duodenalis is worldwide recognized as an important cause of gastrointestinal disease in human beings and the most common parasitic infection in companion animals. The clinical feature of the infection in animals is highly variable and may result in acute diarrhea, nausea, weight loss and hypersensitivity. The aim of this review is to focus on the aspects related to prevalence of the disease in Brazil, etiology, clinical signs, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, regarding its implication in veterinary medicine and public health. This knowledge will allow prophylactic procedures and routine parasitological exams in domestic felines in order to minimize the risks of transmission for other hosts, mainly humans (AU)

Morfologia espermática de carneiros nativos / Sperm morphology of native rams / Morfologia espermática en carneros sativos

A avaliação da morfologia espermática é um dos critérios determinantes para a seleção de machos para a reprodução. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar as alterações morfológicas do sêmen de carneiros durante as estações do ano. Foram utilizados 12 animais, efetuando-se esfregaços de sêmen mensalmente para coloração do método de Karras modificado durante um ano. Observou-se que os animais apresentaram maiores percentuais de espermatozóides anormais na primavera e outono (15,46 ± 27,10 e 11,33 ± 26,38, respectivamente), quando comparados com o verão (3,18 ±1,95) e inverno (5,46 ± 2,73). Quando comparado a estação seca e chuvosa, o período de seca apresentou maiores percentuais de morfologias alteradas (7,98% ± 8,01) em relação ao período chuvoso (3,95% ± 1,78), sugerindo que tanto a variação sazonal, quanto a variação nutricional influenciaram as características do sêmen. Concluindo, os carneiros nativos não apresentaram alterações morfológicas significativas do sêmen ao longo do ano, sendo este um importante fator para a utilização do mesmo em monta natural ou inseminação artificial em qualquer período do ano.(AU)

The evaluation of sperm morphology is one of the determining criteria to select males for reproduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sperm morphology of native rams during the seasons of the year. 12 animals were used, and semen was smeared monthly for a year utilizing the modified method by Karras. It was observed that the animals had higher percentage of abnormal sperm in spring and autumn (15.46 ± 27.10 and 11.33 ± 26.38, respectively) when compared to summer (3.18 ± 1.95) and winter (5.46 ± 2.73). When the dry and rainy seasons were compared, the former had higher percentages of altered morphology (7.98% ± 8.01) compared to the latter (3.95% ± 1.78), suggesting that the seasonal variation as well as nutritional variation influence the characteristics of semen. It was concluded that native rams showed no significant morphological alterations of semen during the year, which is an important factor in its use for natural mating or artificial insemination at any time of the year.(AU)

La evaluación de la morfología espermática es uno de los criterios determinantes para la selección de machos para reproducción. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido verificar las alteraciones morfológicas del semen de carneros durante las estaciones del año. Se utilizaron 12 animales, efectuándose flotamiento de semen, mensualmente, para coloración del método de Karras, modificado durante un año. Se observó que los animales presentaron mayores porcentuales de espermatozoides anormales en la primavera y otoño (15,46 ± 27,10 y 11,33 ± 26,38, respectivamente), cuando comparados con el verano (3.18 ± 1.95) e invierno (5.46 ± 2.73). En comparación con la estación seca y lluviosa, el periodo de sequía presentó mayores porcentuales de morfologías alteradas (7,98% ± 8.01) en comparación al período lluvioso (3,95% ± 1,78), sugiriendo que tanto la variación estacional como la variación nutricional influenciaron las características del semen. Concluyendo, los carneros nativos no presentaron alteraciones significativas morfológicas del semen durante el año, siendo éste un factor importante para la utilización del mismo en monta natural o inseminación artificial en cualquier época del año.(AU)

Tratamento com vacina autóloga para papilomatose oral em um cão: relato de caso / Treatment with autologousvaccinefor oral papillomatosisin a dog: casereport / Tratamiento con vacuna autólogapara la papilomatosis oral en un perro: relato de caso

A papilomatose afeta principalmente a cavidade oral de cães jovens ou imunossuprimidos. Este relato descreve os achados clínico-patológicos e a conduta terapêutica em um cão, com seis meses de idade, sem raça definida, atendido no hospital veterinário da FAMEZ. O animal apresentava histórico de neoformações verrucosas em cavidade oral há dois meses com crescimento progressivo. O hemograma revelou inclusões sugestivas de Anaplasmaplatys e o exame histopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de papiloma escamoso. Foram instituídas terapias imuno moduladoras à base de P.acnes, homeopatia e auto-hemoterapia,todas sem sucesso. Desta forma, foi realizado o tratamento com vacina autóloga, 1ml por via subcutânea a cada21 dias, e ao final deste período, o animal apresentou remissão completa das lesões. Conclui-se que a vacina autóloga constitui uma das terapias de escolha no tratamento do papiloma oral em cães.(AU)

Papillomatosis involves mainly the oral cavity of young animais or immunosuppressed. This reportdescribes the clinical findings, pathological and therapeutic conduct of a mongrel dog with six months, attendedat the veterinary hospital of FAMEZ. The animal had a history of wart-like lesions in oral cavity two months agowith progressive growth. The count blood cellfound inclusions suggestive of Anaplasmaplatys and the histopathological examination confirmed the squamous papilloma. Immunomodulatory therapies with P. acnes, homeopathy and autohemotherapy as therapeutic measures ali failed as a treatment. Then it was instituted thepreparation of autologous vaccine administering 1 ml subcutaneo usly each 21 days. At the end of the treatment,the animal showed complete remission of the lesions, suggesting that the autologous vaccine is included in oneof the choice therapy for treating oral papilloma in dogs.(AU)

La papilomatosis afecta principalmente la cavidad oral de los animales jóvenes o inmunodeprimidos.El informe describe los resultados clínicos-patológicos y la conducta terapéutica de un perro con seis meses de edad, sin raza definida, atendidos en el hospital veterinario de la FAMEZ. El animal tuvo la historia de una formación de bultos parecidos a verrugas en la cavidad oral con crecimiento progresivo hace dos meses. El hemograma se observó inclusiones en plaquetas sugestivas de Anaplasmaplatysy la confirmación del papiloma escamoso por el examen histopatológico. Fueron utilizadas terapias inmunomoduladores con P. acnes,homeopatía y autohemoterapia, pero todos fueron refractarios. Luego, fue instituida la preparación de la vacunaautóloga administrando 1 ml por vía subcutánea a cada 21 días. Al final del tratamiento, el perro tuvo remisióncompleta de las lesiones, sugiriendo que la vacuna autólogaes una de las terapias elegidas para el tratamiento del papiloma oral en perros.(AU)

Tratamento com vacina autóloga para papilomatose oral em um cão: relato de caso / Treatment with autologousvaccinefor oral papillomatosisin a dog: casereport / Tratamiento con vacuna autólogapara la papilomatosis oral en un perro: relato de caso

A papilomatose afeta principalmente a cavidade oral de cães jovens ou imunossuprimidos. Este relato descreve os achados clínico-patológicos e a conduta terapêutica em um cão, com seis meses de idade, sem raça definida, atendido no hospital veterinário da FAMEZ. O animal apresentava histórico de neoformações verrucosas em cavidade oral há dois meses com crescimento progressivo. O hemograma revelou inclusões sugestivas de Anaplasmaplatys e o exame histopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de papiloma escamoso. Foram instituídas terapias imuno moduladoras à base de P.acnes, homeopatia e auto-hemoterapia,todas sem sucesso. Desta forma, foi realizado o tratamento com vacina autóloga, 1ml por via subcutânea a cada21 dias, e ao final deste período, o animal apresentou remissão completa das lesões. Conclui-se que a vacina autóloga constitui uma das terapias de escolha no tratamento do papiloma oral em cães.

Papillomatosis involves mainly the oral cavity of young animais or immunosuppressed. This reportdescribes the clinical findings, pathological and therapeutic conduct of a mongrel dog with six months, attendedat the veterinary hospital of FAMEZ. The animal had a history of wart-like lesions in oral cavity two months agowith progressive growth. The count blood cellfound inclusions suggestive of Anaplasmaplatys and the histopathological examination confirmed the squamous papilloma. Immunomodulatory therapies with P. acnes, homeopathy and autohemotherapy as therapeutic measures ali failed as a treatment. Then it was instituted thepreparation of autologous vaccine administering 1 ml subcutaneo usly each 21 days. At the end of the treatment,the animal showed complete remission of the lesions, suggesting that the autologous vaccine is included in oneof the choice therapy for treating oral papilloma in dogs.

La papilomatosis afecta principalmente la cavidad oral de los animales jóvenes o inmunodeprimidos.El informe describe los resultados clínicos-patológicos y la conducta terapéutica de un perro con seis meses de edad, sin raza definida, atendidos en el hospital veterinario de la FAMEZ. El animal tuvo la historia de una formación de bultos parecidos a verrugas en la cavidad oral con crecimiento progresivo hace dos meses. El hemograma se observó inclusiones en plaquetas sugestivas de Anaplasmaplatysy la confirmación del papiloma escamoso por el examen histopatológico. Fueron utilizadas terapias inmunomoduladores con P. acnes,homeopatía y autohemoterapia, pero todos fueron refractarios. Luego, fue instituida la preparación de la vacunaautóloga administrando 1 ml por vía subcutánea a cada 21 días. Al final del tratamiento, el perro tuvo remisióncompleta de las lesiones, sugiriendo que la vacuna autólogaes una de las terapias elegidas para el tratamiento del papiloma oral en perros.