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1.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 52(2): e20210081, 2022. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1339657

Resumo

Gilts represent a group risk for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vertical transmission in swine herds. Therefore, parity segregation can be an alternative to control M. hyopneumoniae infections. The study evaluated the effect of parity segregation on M. hyopneumoniae infection dynamics and occurrence and severity of lung lesions at slaughter. For that, three multiple site herds were included in the study. Herd A consisted of the farm where gilts would have their first farrowing (parity order (PO) 1). After the first farrowing PO 1 sows were transferred to herd B (PO2-6). Herd C was a conventional herd with gilt replacement (PO1-6). Piglets born in each herd were raised in separated nursery and finishing units. Sows (n = 33 (A), 37 (B), 34 (C)) in all herds were sampled prior to farrowing and piglets (n = 54 (A), 71 (B), 66 (C)) were sampled longitudinally at 21, 63, 100, 140 days of age and at slaughter for M. hyopneumoniae detection by PCR and lung lesions scoring. M. hyopneumoniae prevalence in sows did not differ among herds. Prevalence of positive piglets was higher at weaning in the PO1 herd (A) (P < 0.05). However, prevalence of positive pigs from 100 days of age to slaughter age was higher in the PO2-6 herd (B) (P < 0.05). Lung lesion occurrence and severity were higher in herd B. The authors suggested that the lack of a proper gilt acclimation might have influenced the results, leading to sows being detected positive at farrowing, regardless of the parity.


As leitoas consistem em um grupo de risco na transmissão vertical de Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae dentro do sistema de produção de suínos. Dessa forma, a segregação de partos poderia ser utilizada como alternativa para controlar as infecções por M. hyopneumoniae. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da segregação de partos sobre a dinâmica de infecção de M. hyopneumoniae e a ocorrência e severidade das lesões pulmonares ao abate. Para isso três sistemas de produção de suínos com três sítios cada foram incluídos no estudo. A granja A consistia da unidade onde as leitoas tem o primeiro parto, ou seja, alojava somente de fêmeas de ordem de parto 1 (Granja OP1). Após o primeiro parto as fêmeas OP1 foram transferidas para a granja B (Granja OP2-6), ou seja, consistia de fêmeas de ordem de parto 2 a 6, e a granja C consistiu em uma granja convencional com reposição de leitoas (Granja OP1-6), com fêmeas de ordem de parto 1 a 6. Os leitões nascidos de cada granja foram transferidos e criados em creches e terminações segregadas. As matrizes (n = 33 (A), 37 (B), 34 (C)) de todas as granjas do estudo foram amostradas previamente ao parto e os leitões (n = 54 (A), 71 (B), 66 (C)) foram amostrados longitudinalmente aos 21, 63, 100 e 140 dias de idade e ao abate. Em todos os momentos de coleta, as amostras foram avaliadas por PCR para detecção de M. hyopneumoniae. As lesões pulmonares foram avaliadas e escores de lesão foram atribuídos ao abate. A prevalência de matrizes positivas para M. hyopneumoniae não diferiu entre as granjas (P > 0,05). A prevalência ao desmame foi maior na granja A (OP1) (P < 0,05). No entanto, dos 100 dias de idade até o abate a prevalência de leitões positivos para M. hyopneumoniae foi maior na granja B (OP2-6) (P < 0,05). A ocorrência e severidade de lesões pulmonares foram maiores na granja B. Os autores sugerem que a falta de uma aclimatação adequada das leitoas pode ter influenciado nos resultados, levando à detecção de matrizes positivas ao parto, independente da ordem de parto.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Suínos/lesões , Suínos/microbiologia , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/prevenção & controle , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/veterinária , Entorno do Parto
2.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 49: Pub. 1838, 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1363604

Resumo

Respiratory diseases are one of the major health issues described in intensive pig production, causing important economic losses. However, there is little information on the prevalence, etiology and clinical-pathological presentation of these diseases in wild boars. For this reason, this work investigated the presence in captive wild boars of pneumonic lesions and bacterial pathogens commonly detected and associated with respiratory diseases in domestic pigs. A total of 226 captive wild boar lungs from two farms were examined in a slaughterhouse in Southern Brazil. The pneumonic lesions were classified as cranioventral, dorsocaudal, and disseminated, and the quantification of lesions was calculated. From the total of 226 lungs, 121 were collected for laboratory examination. Lungs with macroscopic lesions suggestive of pneumonia were collected for histological, bacteriological and molecular analysis. The molecular analysis was performed to detect the presence of Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae, Glaesserella (G.) parasuis, Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis and Streptococcus (S.) suis serotype 2. The percentages of histological lesions and bacterial agents and their association were calculated. Cranioventral consolidation (75.2%) was the most prevalent macroscopic lung lesion, followed by disseminated (21.5%) and dorsocaudal (3.3%) distribution. Microscopically, chronic lesions were the most prevalent, representing 70.2% of the lungs. Moreover, BALT hyperplasia was present in 86.5% of the lungs, suppurative bronchopneumonia in 65.7%, and alveoli infiltrate in 46.8%. Six bacterial pathogens commonly described as agents of pig pneumonia were identified by bacterial or molecular methods: Pasteurella (P.) multocida, S. suis, M. hyopneumoniae, A. pleuropneumoniae, G. parasuis and M. hyorhinis. Twenty-eight different combinations of pathogens were identified in 84 samples (69.4%). The most common combinations were: M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae (13.1%), M. hyopneumoniae, G. parasuis and M. hyorhinis (10.7%), and M. hyopneumoniae, A. pleuropneumoniae and G. parasuis (8.3%). Additionally, M. hyopneumoniae was the most frequent pathogen detected in this study, representing 58.7% of the samples. The detection of M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis by PCR was associated with the presence of BALT hyperplasia (P < 0.05) and there was also an association between the detection of M. hyopneumoniae by PCR and suppurative bronchopneumonia (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant association (P < 0.05) between the detection of M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae by PCR and the histological classification (acute, subacute or chronic lesions) was observed. The results of this study were similar to those observed in slaughtered domestic pigs, although, the detection of opportunist pathogens was less frequent than that usually described in pig pneumonia. The high prevalence of pneumonia in captive wild boars at slaughter and the similar characteristics of pneumonia in captive wild boars and domestic pigs suggest that the close phylogenetic relationship between pigs and wild boars could influence the susceptibility of both species to the colonization of the same pathogens, indicating that captive wild boars raised in confined conditions could be predisposed to respiratory diseases, similar to domestic pigs.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Doenças Respiratórias/veterinária , Sus scrofa/fisiologia , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/etiologia , Lesão Pulmonar/veterinária , Pulmão/patologia
3.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 46: 1-6, 2018. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1457828

Resumo

Background: One of the most frequent health problems in the swine industry is the post-weaning diarrhea in nursery pigs, which leads to significant losses due to weight loss, dehydration, cost of medication and mortality. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the main bacterial agents of the post-weaning diarrhea. To investigate the possibility of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) transmission through drinking water to nursery piglets, the objective of this study was to isolate, characterize by virulence factors, and compare the antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli from drinking water samples in nurseries and from rectal swabs of their piglets presenting post-weaning colibacillosis.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen rectal swabs from diarrheic piglets in their first three weeks after weaning and one water sample were collected from each of ten nurseries located in Rio Grande do Sul State, south of Brazil. After enrichment with a commercial broth medium, water samples were cultured in blood agar, as well as the rectal swab samples, and the characteristic colonies were identified by standard biochemical analysis. Following isolation and identification of E. coli, the colonies from water samples and their corresponding piglets’ samples were characterized by multiplex PCR in order to determine specific ETEC fimbria and toxin genes. Finally, all E. coli isolates were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Virulence factors and antimicrobial sensitivity could then be compared between water and piglets’ samples. The difference in the antimicrobial resistance frequency for each of the sample groups were compared using the multi comparison test. E. coli was isolated in four out of the ten water samples, although none of the water samples presented ETEC virulence factors.[...]


Assuntos
Animais , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Virulência , Infecções por Escherichia coli/transmissão , Suínos/virologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Fímbrias Bacterianas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/veterinária
4.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 46: 1-6, 2018. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-728659

Resumo

Background: One of the most frequent health problems in the swine industry is the post-weaning diarrhea in nursery pigs, which leads to significant losses due to weight loss, dehydration, cost of medication and mortality. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the main bacterial agents of the post-weaning diarrhea. To investigate the possibility of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) transmission through drinking water to nursery piglets, the objective of this study was to isolate, characterize by virulence factors, and compare the antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli from drinking water samples in nurseries and from rectal swabs of their piglets presenting post-weaning colibacillosis.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen rectal swabs from diarrheic piglets in their first three weeks after weaning and one water sample were collected from each of ten nurseries located in Rio Grande do Sul State, south of Brazil. After enrichment with a commercial broth medium, water samples were cultured in blood agar, as well as the rectal swab samples, and the characteristic colonies were identified by standard biochemical analysis. Following isolation and identification of E. coli, the colonies from water samples and their corresponding piglets samples were characterized by multiplex PCR in order to determine specific ETEC fimbria and toxin genes. Finally, all E. coli isolates were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Virulence factors and antimicrobial sensitivity could then be compared between water and piglets samples. The difference in the antimicrobial resistance frequency for each of the sample groups were compared using the multi comparison test. E. coli was isolated in four out of the ten water samples, although none of the water samples presented ETEC virulence factors.[...](AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Virulência , Suínos/virologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/transmissão , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/veterinária , Fímbrias Bacterianas
5.
Ci. Rural ; 48(10): e20180460, 2018. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-17860

Resumo

Rhabdomyoma is a rare neoplasm of striated muscle that occurs predominantly in the myocardium. In animals, cardiac rhabdomyoma are observed as incidental lesions in slaughter pigs and have been rarely described in other species, such as cattle, dogs, and deer. This report describes a case of cardiac rhabdomyoma in a male pig at slaughter age that died suddenly in the pre-slaughter period. At necropsy, multiple nodules were observed in the right and left ventricular walls and the interventricular septum. Histopathological examination showed neoplastic proliferation composed of polyhedral cells, with vacuolated cytoplasm that sometimes presented a spider cell appearance. Histochemical staining with Schiffs periodic acid revealed glycogen granules in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells. The neoplastic cells were positive for desmin, neuron-specific enolase, atrial natriuretic peptide, and vimentin by immunohistochemistry, to varying degrees. The anatomopathological and immunohistochemical findings observed in this case confirmed the diagnosis of cardiac rhabdomyoma, possibly originating from the Purkinje fibers.(AU)


Rabdomioma é um neoplasma raro de músculo estriado que ocorre predominantemente no miocárdio. Em animais rabdomiomas cardíacos são observados como lesões incidentais em suínos de abate, raramente descrito em outras espécies como bovinos, cães e cervos. Neste relato descreve-se um caso de rabdomioma cardíaco em um suíno, macho, em idade de abate que morreu subitamente no período pré-abate. Na necropsia visualizou-se múltiplos nódulos nas paredes ventriculares direita e esquerda, e septo interventricular. O exame histopatológico mostrou proliferação neoplásica composta por células poliédricas, com citoplasma vacuolizado que por vezes apresentavam aspecto de célula de aranha. Na coloração histoquímica de ácido periódico de Schiff evidenciaram-se grânulos de glicogênio no citoplasma das células neoplásicas. As células neoplásicas foram imunorreativas na imuno-histoquímica para desmina, enolase neurônio específica, peptídeo natriurético atrial e vimentina em diferentes graus. Os achados anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos observados neste caso confirmam o diagnóstico de rabdomioma cardíaco, possivelmente com origem das fibras de Purkinje.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Rabdomioma/veterinária , Suínos , Glicogênio , Miocárdio/patologia , Neoplasias Cardíacas/veterinária , Reação do Ácido Periódico de Schiff , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária
6.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 45(suppl.1): Pub.234-2017. ilus
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1457787

Resumo

Background: Osseous choristomas represent the production of osseous tissue in abnormal regions, such as subcutaneous, fibrous or perivascular tissues, skeletal muscle and skin. These structures have been found in humans, dogs (lungs and dura mater), horses (large intestines) and cattle (lungs and mesenteric lymph nodes). They were also found in the mesenteric region and thoracic cavity of sows and piglets. The aim of this paper was to describe the macro and microscopic lesions found in a sow which died suddenly by a rare mesenteric osseous choristoma. Case: A lactating sow, parity four, from the Swine Department of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil, showed appetite loss, hyperthermia (41.5ºC) and sudden death. The animal was submitted to necropsy at the Department of Veterinary Pathology, UFRGS. On external examination, the sow showed conjunctival and perioral cyanosis, proximal colon region with a firm structure with approximately 3.0 cm length in mesenteric area. Moreover, the colon was ruptured and fibrin deposition and intestinal content in abdominal cavity were observed. Fragments of organs were collected in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology and colored with hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E). Histologically, it was found bone trabeculae with osteoid, periosteum, spaces with osteocids and endochondral ossification with bone marrow composed by adipose tissue and intense proliferation of conjunctive stroma. The mesenteric lymph nodes showed intense lymphoid hyperplasia with multifocal centrilobular necrosis. There was fibrin in serosa of colon, acute peri-spleen and acute fibrinopurulent perihepatitis. Discussion: Macroscopic and microscopic findings were consistent with mesenteric osseous choristoma. This condition is unusual in domestic animals, however it has been already described in pigs...


Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Coristoma/veterinária , Metaplasia/veterinária , Neoplasias Ósseas/veterinária , Suínos , Morte Súbita/etiologia
7.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 45(suppl.1): Pub. 234, 2017. ilus
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-740990

Resumo

Background: Osseous choristomas represent the production of osseous tissue in abnormal regions, such as subcutaneous, fibrous or perivascular tissues, skeletal muscle and skin. These structures have been found in humans, dogs (lungs and dura mater), horses (large intestines) and cattle (lungs and mesenteric lymph nodes). They were also found in the mesenteric region and thoracic cavity of sows and piglets. The aim of this paper was to describe the macro and microscopic lesions found in a sow which died suddenly by a rare mesenteric osseous choristoma. Case: A lactating sow, parity four, from the Swine Department of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil, showed appetite loss, hyperthermia (41.5ºC) and sudden death. The animal was submitted to necropsy at the Department of Veterinary Pathology, UFRGS. On external examination, the sow showed conjunctival and perioral cyanosis, proximal colon region with a firm structure with approximately 3.0 cm length in mesenteric area. Moreover, the colon was ruptured and fibrin deposition and intestinal content in abdominal cavity were observed. Fragments of organs were collected in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology and colored with hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E). Histologically, it was found bone trabeculae with osteoid, periosteum, spaces with osteocids and endochondral ossification with bone marrow composed by adipose tissue and intense proliferation of conjunctive stroma. The mesenteric lymph nodes showed intense lymphoid hyperplasia with multifocal centrilobular necrosis. There was fibrin in serosa of colon, acute peri-spleen and acute fibrinopurulent perihepatitis. Discussion: Macroscopic and microscopic findings were consistent with mesenteric osseous choristoma. This condition is unusual in domestic animals, however it has been already described in pigs...(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Coristoma/veterinária , Neoplasias Ósseas/veterinária , Suínos , Metaplasia/veterinária , Morte Súbita/etiologia
8.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 44: 01-05, 2016. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-722702

Resumo

Background: Pasteurella multocida serotypes A and D are commonly associated with pneumonia and pleuritis in pigs. Different phenotypic techniques, such as hyaluronidase and acriflavine tests, and genotyping techniques, such as PCR, are used to distinguish between these serotypes. The objective of this study was to compare the capsular identification methods of type A and type D P. multocida isolated from pigs using both phenotypic (hyaluronidase and acriflavine tests) and genotypic (multiplex PCR) techniques. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 44 lyophilized P. multocida isolates, obtained between 1981 and 1997 from pig farms at Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were analyzed. The isolates were reactivated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth and cultured in BHI broth and blood agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood. Colony identity was further confirmed by evaluating colony morphology in blood agar and confirming the absence of growth on MacConkey agar. Bacteria in Tryptone Soy Agar (TSA) were used for the Triple Sugar Iron (TSI), Sulfide-Indole-Motility (SIM), and nitrate, glucose, lactose, sucrose and mannitol fermentation tests. For hyaluronidase test, P. multocida colonies were streaked transversally across the entire plate, approximately 3-5mm apart, in order to observe their lines of growth. Following this, a hyaluronidase producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus[...](AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Hialuronoglucosaminidase/análise , Acriflavina/análise , Suínos/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/veterinária
9.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 44: 01-04, 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-722695

Resumo

Background: Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is an important nosocomial pathogen in humans and animals worldwide. The commonest class of antibiotics used to treat staphylococcal infections is the -lactams. Frequently, S. aureus strains show high resistance to methicillin and other -lactam antibiotics, called Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Although MRSA has emerged at slower rate in domestic animals, it has frequently been found in the nasal cavity of healthy piglets and its transmission between pigs and swine handlers has already been studied. The aim of this work was to assess the presence of MRSA in finishing pigs in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 350 nasal swabs were collected from 10 to 20 week old finishing pigs. Sampling was performed in five pig farms in northeast Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Swabs were stored in tubes without transport medium and carried to the laboratory under refrigeration. The specimens were cultured in selective and differential Agar (Baird Parker) and then were incubated at 37ºC for 48 h. After isolation of typical colonies of S. aureus, they were inoculated in BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) broth at 37ºC for 24 h and tested for tube coagulase activity. Coagulase positive samples were selected for growth in Oxacillin Resistant Screening Agar (ORSA) supplemented with 2 mg/L [...](AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Staphylococcus aureus/virologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Suínos/microbiologia , Cavidade Nasal/virologia , Estudos Transversais , beta-Lactamas/análise
10.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 44: 01-04, 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1457426

Resumo

Background: Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is an important nosocomial pathogen in humans and animals worldwide. The commonest class of antibiotics used to treat staphylococcal infections is the -lactams. Frequently, S. aureus strains show high resistance to methicillin and other -lactam antibiotics, called Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Although MRSA has emerged at slower rate in domestic animals, it has frequently been found in the nasal cavity of healthy piglets and its transmission between pigs and swine handlers has already been studied. The aim of this work was to assess the presence of MRSA in finishing pigs in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 350 nasal swabs were collected from 10 to 20 week old finishing pigs. Sampling was performed in five pig farms in northeast Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Swabs were stored in tubes without transport medium and carried to the laboratory under refrigeration. The specimens were cultured in selective and differential Agar (Baird Parker) and then were incubated at 37ºC for 48 h. After isolation of typical colonies of S. aureus, they were inoculated in BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) broth at 37ºC for 24 h and tested for tube coagulase activity. Coagulase positive samples were selected for growth in Oxacillin Resistant Screening Agar (ORSA) supplemented with 2 mg/L [...]


Assuntos
Animais , Cavidade Nasal/virologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Staphylococcus aureus/virologia , Suínos/microbiologia , Estudos Transversais , beta-Lactamas/análise
11.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 44: 01-05, 2016. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1457433

Resumo

Background: Pasteurella multocida serotypes A and D are commonly associated with pneumonia and pleuritis in pigs. Different phenotypic techniques, such as hyaluronidase and acriflavine tests, and genotyping techniques, such as PCR, are used to distinguish between these serotypes. The objective of this study was to compare the capsular identification methods of type A and type D P. multocida isolated from pigs using both phenotypic (hyaluronidase and acriflavine tests) and genotypic (multiplex PCR) techniques. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 44 lyophilized P. multocida isolates, obtained between 1981 and 1997 from pig farms at Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were analyzed. The isolates were reactivated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth and cultured in BHI broth and blood agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood. Colony identity was further confirmed by evaluating colony morphology in blood agar and confirming the absence of growth on MacConkey agar. Bacteria in Tryptone Soy Agar (TSA) were used for the Triple Sugar Iron (TSI), Sulfide-Indole-Motility (SIM), and nitrate, glucose, lactose, sucrose and mannitol fermentation tests. For hyaluronidase test, P. multocida colonies were streaked transversally across the entire plate, approximately 3-5mm apart, in order to observe their lines of growth. Following this, a hyaluronidase producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus[...]


Assuntos
Animais , Acriflavina/análise , Hialuronoglucosaminidase/análise , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Suínos/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/veterinária
12.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 44: 01-05, 2016. ilus
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-722733

Resumo

Background: The farming of wild boars has growing due to the interest of the human consumption of this exotic meat. Such a development may pose an increased risk of disease transmission between boars and domestic animals. The wild boar population has increased in South America in the last years due the absence of predator causing economic losses due to direct damage to crops and risk of disease transmission. The genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae are composed by four recognized species by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV): classical swine fever virus (CSFV), border disease virus (BDV), bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and 2 (BVDV-2). Other putative species denoted as atypical pesitiviruses have been reported as HoBi-like virus, giraffe pestivirus, Bungowannah pestivirus, Pronghorn antelope virus, atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), Norwegian rat pestivirus (NrPV) and Rhinolophus affinis bat pestivirus (RaPestV-1). CSFV is commonly detected in wild boars, but despite positive serology, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was never detected in this animal species. Thereby, the present communication describes the first detection of BVDV in the lungs of captive boars using RT-PCR and DNA sequencing.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty lung samples from farmed wild boars were collected after slaughter in a commercial abattoir. [...](AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Infecções por Pestivirus/veterinária , Pestivirus/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina , Pulmão , Sus scrofa/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterinária
13.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 44: 01-05, 2016. graf
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-722709

Resumo

Background: The farming of wild boars has growing due to the interest of the human consumption of this exotic meat. Such a development may pose an increased risk of disease transmission between boars and domestic animals. The wild boar population has increased in South America in the last years due the absence of predator causing economic losses due to direct damage to crops and risk of disease transmission. The genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae are composed by four recognized species by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV): classical swine fever virus (CSFV), border disease virus (BDV), bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and 2 (BVDV-2). Other putative species denoted as atypical pesitiviruses have been reported as ‘HoBi-like virus, giraffe pestivirus, Bungowannah pestivirus, Pronghorn antelope virus, atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), Norwegian rat pestivirus (NrPV) and Rhinolophus affinis bat pestivirus (RaPestV-1). CSFV is commonly detected in wild boars, but despite positive serology, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was never detected in this animal species. Thereby, the present communication describes the first detection of BVDV in the lungs of captive boars using RT-PCR and DNA sequencing.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty lung samples from farmed wild boars were collected after slaughter in a commercial abattoir. The organs were crushed separately, centrifuged, and the supernatant was stored for further analysis. The total RNA was isolated using a phenol-based protocol and RT-PCR protocol that amplified 118 bp of 5 untranslated region (5UTR) was carried out. One out 40 samples resulted positive. The positive sample had partial fragments of 5UTR and N terminal autoprotease (Npro) sequenced and analyzed. The strain LV Java/2012 presented 99% of identity in 5UTR and 98% in Npro region with a BVDV-2 previously reported in bovines in Southern Brazil.[...](AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Sus scrofa/virologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Pestivirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Pestivirus/veterinária
14.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 44: 01-05, 2016. graf
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1457440

Resumo

Background: The farming of wild boars has growing due to the interest of the human consumption of this exotic meat. Such a development may pose an increased risk of disease transmission between boars and domestic animals. The wild boar population has increased in South America in the last years due the absence of predator causing economic losses due to direct damage to crops and risk of disease transmission. The genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae are composed by four recognized species by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV): classical swine fever virus (CSFV), border disease virus (BDV), bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and 2 (BVDV-2). Other putative species denoted as atypical pesitiviruses have been reported as ‘HoBi’-like virus, giraffe pestivirus, Bungowannah pestivirus, Pronghorn antelope virus, atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), Norwegian rat pestivirus (NrPV) and Rhinolophus affinis bat pestivirus (RaPestV-1). CSFV is commonly detected in wild boars, but despite positive serology, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was never detected in this animal species. Thereby, the present communication describes the first detection of BVDV in the lungs of captive boars using RT-PCR and DNA sequencing.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty lung samples from farmed wild boars were collected after slaughter in a commercial abattoir. The organs were crushed separately, centrifuged, and the supernatant was stored for further analysis. The total RNA was isolated using a phenol-based protocol and RT-PCR protocol that amplified 118 bp of 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) was carried out. One out 40 samples resulted positive. The positive sample had partial fragments of 5’UTR and N terminal autoprotease (Npro) sequenced and analyzed. The strain LV Java/2012 presented 99% of identity in 5’UTR and 98% in Npro region with a BVDV-2 previously reported in bovines in Southern Brazil.[...]


Assuntos
Animais , Infecções por Pestivirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Pestivirus/veterinária , Sus scrofa/virologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/isolamento & purificação
15.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 43: 1-7, 2015. tab
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-23701

Resumo

Background: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the etiologic agent of post weaning colibacillosis, one of the most important diseases in pig farming. The pathogenesis of the disease is associated with two virulence factors (VF), fimbriae and enterotoxins. In veterinary medicine, the use of antibiotics can lead to the selection of resistant bacteria. The association of VF and antibiotic resistance is an important mechanism for bacterial survival under adverse conditions. This study aimed to determine the VF and antimicrobial susceptibility of ETEC isolates from piglets with diarrhea and analyze the association between these factors.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 185 rectal swabs were collected from weaned piglets in Brazilian farms of the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, Minas Gerais and Goiás. The isolation of ETEC was carried out on blood and MacConkey Agar and characterization by biochemical tests and detection by PCR of fimbrial genes F4, F45, F6, F18 and F41, and toxins genes LT, STa, STb and STx2e. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined by Agar diffusion test for amoxicillin, ampicillin, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, colistin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin, neomycin, norfloxacin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, tetracycline, lincomycin + spectinomycin and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim. The association between VF and antimicrobials resistance results was determined by Chi-square and Fisher test (P ≤ 0.05). A total of 376 isolates were analyzed. The frequencies of fimbriae and toxins amplified were: F4 (31.6%), F18 (18.9%), F5 (4.2%) and toxins STa (43.1%), STb (24.7%), LT (21.8%) and STx2e (5.3%). Antibiotic resistance was higher to tetracycline (96.3%), florfenicol (95.2%), oxytetracycline (93.62%) and doxycycline (90.7%). Lowest levels of resistance were to ceftiofur (2.1%), colistin (9.8%), lincomycin + spectinomicin (15.4%) and neomycin (23.1%).[...](AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Suínos/microbiologia , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/patogenicidade , Fatores de Virulência/análise , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Diarreia/veterinária , Plasmídeos
16.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 43: 1-7, 2015. tab
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1457297

Resumo

Background: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the etiologic agent of post weaning colibacillosis, one of the most important diseases in pig farming. The pathogenesis of the disease is associated with two virulence factors (VF), fimbriae and enterotoxins. In veterinary medicine, the use of antibiotics can lead to the selection of resistant bacteria. The association of VF and antibiotic resistance is an important mechanism for bacterial survival under adverse conditions. This study aimed to determine the VF and antimicrobial susceptibility of ETEC isolates from piglets with diarrhea and analyze the association between these factors.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 185 rectal swabs were collected from weaned piglets in Brazilian farms of the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, Minas Gerais and Goiás. The isolation of ETEC was carried out on blood and MacConkey Agar and characterization by biochemical tests and detection by PCR of fimbrial genes F4, F45, F6, F18 and F41, and toxins genes LT, STa, STb and STx2e. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined by Agar diffusion test for amoxicillin, ampicillin, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, colistin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin, neomycin, norfloxacin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, tetracycline, lincomycin + spectinomycin and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim. The association between VF and antimicrobials resistance results was determined by Chi-square and Fisher test (P ≤ 0.05). A total of 376 isolates were analyzed. The frequencies of fimbriae and toxins amplified were: F4 (31.6%), F18 (18.9%), F5 (4.2%) and toxins STa (43.1%), STb (24.7%), LT (21.8%) and STx2e (5.3%). Antibiotic resistance was higher to tetracycline (96.3%), florfenicol (95.2%), oxytetracycline (93.62%) and doxycycline (90.7%). Lowest levels of resistance were to ceftiofur (2.1%), colistin (9.8%), lincomycin + spectinomicin (15.4%) and neomycin (23.1%).[...]


Assuntos
Animais , Diarreia/veterinária , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/patogenicidade , Fatores de Virulência/análise , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Suínos/microbiologia , Plasmídeos
17.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 43(supl): 1-3, May 18, 2015. ilus
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-13964

Resumo

Background: Cumarin, also called warfarin, is used as an anticoagulant rodenticide. Pigs can be accidentally poisoned by ingestion of baits and/or dead rodents contaminated with cumarin and/or its criminal use. The clinical signs typically begin one to three days after ingestion of the rodenticide, when subcutaneous hematomas, epistaxis, among others symptoms, can be observed. The macroscopic and microscopic changes consist mainly of widespread hemorrhages in several organs. The objective of the present study is to report a rare case of cumarin poisoning in suckling piglets.Case: Four male piglets 18 days old were examined in the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The animals came from a farrowing unit located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with a history of sudden death in piglets from different litters. The animals were submitted to necropsy. On external examination, the piglets had marked pallor of the oral and conjunctival mucosa and multiple petechiae and bruises on the skin of the ventral abdomen and bleeding on the white line of the hoof. During the internal examination, it was identified that there were multiple areas of hemorrhage in the subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscles besides the thymus, liver, stomach, pancreas, bladder, kidney, heart and cerebellum. The mesenteric and inguinal lymph nodes, testicles and...(AU)


Derivados cumarínicos, também chamados varfarínicos, são compostos da cumarina utilizados como rodenticidas anticoagulantes em granjas de suínos como forma de controle de roedores [7]. Suínos podem se intoxicar acidentalmente através da ingestão de iscas e/ou roedores mortos por estas substâncias, ou pelo uso criminoso das mesmas [6]. Esses compostos inibem de forma competitiva a vitamina K epóxi redutase, enzima necessária para converter a vitamina K epóxi à sua forma reduzida, que é necessária para ativação dos fatores de coagulação II, VII, IX e X, consequentemente, a coagulação é comprometida [7]. A ingestão de 3 mg/kg em dose única pode ser suficiente para levar à intoxicação de suínos [2]. Já as doses de 0,05 mg/kg, se ingeridas por sete dias, também podem intoxicar os animais [5]. Os sinais clínicos normalmente surgem um a três dias após ingestão do raticida, sendo observados principalmente hematomas subcutâneos e epistaxe. As alterações macroscópicas e microscópicas consistem de hemorragias disseminadas em diversos órgãos [6]. O diagnóstico diferencial deve incluir carência de vitamina K; tratamento com quimioterápicos por períodos prolongados; intoxicação por chumbo, fosfato de zinco, ricina (da mamona), aflatoxinas e venenos ofídicos [6] e, principalmente, trombocitopenia púrpura dos leitões [9]. Dessa forma, a descrição de um surto de intoxicação por cumarínico pode...(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Lactente , Rodenticidas/intoxicação , Varfarina , Suínos , Transtornos Hemorrágicos/veterinária , Carbamatos/intoxicação
18.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 43(supl): 1-3, Aug. 14, 2015. ilus
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1457390

Resumo

Background: Cumarin, also called warfarin, is used as an anticoagulant rodenticide. Pigs can be accidentally poisoned by ingestion of baits and/or dead rodents contaminated with cumarin and/or its criminal use. The clinical signs typically begin one to three days after ingestion of the rodenticide, when subcutaneous hematomas, epistaxis, among others symptoms, can be observed. The macroscopic and microscopic changes consist mainly of widespread hemorrhages in several organs. The objective of the present study is to report a rare case of cumarin poisoning in suckling piglets.Case: Four male piglets 18 days old were examined in the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The animals came from a farrowing unit located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with a history of sudden death in piglets from different litters. The animals were submitted to necropsy. On external examination, the piglets had marked pallor of the oral and conjunctival mucosa and multiple petechiae and bruises on the skin of the ventral abdomen and bleeding on the white line of the hoof. During the internal examination, it was identified that there were multiple areas of hemorrhage in the subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscles besides the thymus, liver, stomach, pancreas, bladder, kidney, heart and cerebellum. The mesenteric and inguinal lymph nodes, testicles and...


Derivados cumarínicos, também chamados varfarínicos, são compostos da cumarina utilizados como rodenticidas anticoagulantes em granjas de suínos como forma de controle de roedores [7]. Suínos podem se intoxicar acidentalmente através da ingestão de iscas e/ou roedores mortos por estas substâncias, ou pelo uso criminoso das mesmas [6]. Esses compostos inibem de forma competitiva a vitamina K epóxi redutase, enzima necessária para converter a vitamina K epóxi à sua forma reduzida, que é necessária para ativação dos fatores de coagulação II, VII, IX e X, consequentemente, a coagulação é comprometida [7]. A ingestão de 3 mg/kg em dose única pode ser suficiente para levar à intoxicação de suínos [2]. Já as doses de 0,05 mg/kg, se ingeridas por sete dias, também podem intoxicar os animais [5]. Os sinais clínicos normalmente surgem um a três dias após ingestão do raticida, sendo observados principalmente hematomas subcutâneos e epistaxe. As alterações macroscópicas e microscópicas consistem de hemorragias disseminadas em diversos órgãos [6]. O diagnóstico diferencial deve incluir carência de vitamina K; tratamento com quimioterápicos por períodos prolongados; intoxicação por chumbo, fosfato de zinco, ricina (da mamona), aflatoxinas e venenos ofídicos [6] e, principalmente, trombocitopenia púrpura dos leitões [9]. Dessa forma, a descrição de um surto de intoxicação por cumarínico pode...


Assuntos
Animais , Lactente , Rodenticidas/intoxicação , Suínos , Transtornos Hemorrágicos/veterinária , Varfarina , Carbamatos/intoxicação
19.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 41: Pub. 1117, 2013. tab, ilus
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1372496

Resumo

Background: The infection with Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia in pigs worldwide, but the interaction between M. hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella (P.) multocida has been described with low frequency and histopathological characteristics of this association have not been described. In Brazil this interaction is considered very important and is found in most cases of pigs with pneumonia and pleuritis at slaughter. The objective of this work was to examine 41 samples of swine lungs collected at slaughter, from which P. multocida had been isolated and to study the co-infection with M. hyopneumoniae by histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Materials, Methods & Results: Among lung tissue samples obtained from necropsy in swine with clinical signs of pneumonia, 41 that had shown positive results on bacteriological examination for P. multocida were selected. The histopathological findings of bronchopneumonia were classified in different degrees according to the extension of the lesion as follow: absent (0), mild (+), moderate (+ +) and severe (+ + +). Hyperplasia of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium was classified as absent (0) and present (+). The bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) hyperplasia lesions were classified as absent (0), (+) when the peribronchial and peribronchiolar lymphocytic infiltrate were discrete, (+ +) when the peribronchial and peribronchiolar lymphocytic infiltrate was moderate and/or the presence of a few lymphoid nodules; (+ + +) highest amount of lymphoid nodules, and (+ + ++) when a large amount of lymphoid nodules compressing the bronchi and bronchioles were observed. All samples were submitted to IHC technique for M. hyopneumoniae p-36 protein. The main findings in histological examination were BALT hyperplasia (97.6%), purulent bronchopneumonia (92.7%) and bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia (51.2%). BALT hyperplasia was mild (+) in 43.9%; moderate (++) in 31.7%; accentuated (+++) in 12.2%; accentuated with bronchium and bronchiole obstruction (++++) in 9.8% and absent (-) in 2.4%. The classification of purulent bronchopneumonia was moderate (++) in 36.6%; accentuated (+++) in 34.1%; mild (+) in 22.0% and absentee (-) in 7.3%. Lesions compatible with a combined infection between P. multocida and M. hyopneumoniae were found in 97.6% of the samples by histopathology and in 61.0% by IHC. Discussion: There was a high frequency of lesions consistent with infection by M. hyopneumoniae in samples of lungs from which P. multocida was isolated, being detected at the same time by histopathology in 97.6% of samples, and 61% by IHC. However, 15 samples (39.0%) had microscopic lesions of BALT hyperplasia in different degrees and/or epithelial hyperplasia with no labeling in IHC M. hyopneumoniae. This could be due to the absence of the agent in chronic infections. On histopathological examination, the presence of BALT hyperplasia is considered very suggestive of infection with M. hyopneumoniae. In the study only one lung (2.3%) did not have this injury, and did not show labeling in IHC. Among samples positive for P. multocida in bacteriological examination, only three showed no lesion suggestive of the infection with the agent in histopathology, which could be due to a recent bacterial infection or its presence as a commensal in the lungs. Collectively, bacteriological examination, histopathology and IHC confirmed the co-infection between M. hyopneumoniae and P. multocida in 97.2% of pneumonic lungs analyzed, suggesting the importance of the relationship between the agents in Brazil. Moreover, it was possible to determine the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the association between both bacteria.


Assuntos
Animais , Infecções por Pasteurella/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/patologia , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/microbiologia
20.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 41(supl.1): Pub. 27, 2013. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1372644

Resumo

Background: Candida organisms are ubiquitous pathogens that may cause mucosal or systemic infection in humans and animals. Candida albicans was the main Candida specie associated with cases of systemic candidosis, and Candida glabrata is the second most isolated in those cases. In animals there are few reports of candidosis. In pigs C. albicans was described as mucocutaneous disease affecting oral mucosa, esophagus and aglandular stomach of pigs affected by porcine circovirus type 2. Systemic invasion by Candida species in pigs is rare. This report describes the pathological changes observed in a case of systemic candidosis due to C. glabrata infection in a piglet. Case: In a nursery facility with 500 piglets a 47-days-old piglet showed lateral recumbency that progressed to inabilit to stand, paddling and death. In the necropsy it was observed valvular vegetative endocarditis in the left atrio-ventricular valve and in the kidneys multifocal to coalescing whitish foci in the sub-capsular and in the cut surface. Microscopical examination of the cerebral cortex, brain steam and cerebellum revealed multifocal random necrotic suppurative focci surrounded by mononuclear cells, epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells together with discret linfoplasmocitic meningitis. In the kidneys there was embolic suppurative nephritis with multifocal abscesses in renal parenchyma, characterized by large amount of neutrophils surrounded by mononuclear cells. In the left valve surface of the hearth there was extensive proliferation of connective tissue with large amount of fibrin, neutrophils and intralesional Gram-positive bacterial colonies with coccoid shape morphology. In brain, hearth and kidneys slides stained with Grocott's methenamine silver and periodic acid-Schiff technique a large amount of yeasts cells round to ovoid in shape were observed associated with necrotic foci and in multinucleated giants cells. Discussion: In the present report, a 47-days-old weaned piglet showed neurological signs that suggested a Streptococcus suis meningitis, and a presumptive diagnostic was reached based on those signs. Antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin was attempted, but there was no improvement in the clinical signs and the piglet died. S. suis was not isolated in the bacteriological analysis, however, PCR technique allowed the detection of the pathogen from the heart, raising the possibility for a role of the agent in the endocardial lesion, but not in the brain. Candida glabrata was detected in the hearth, kidneys and brain suggesting a septicemic spread candidosis in the piglet. Due to the presence of C. glabrata in the piogranulomatous lesions observed in the brain we assumed that the neurological signs were associated with the candidal infection. In humans, it is described the association among intracardiac candidal infection and an increased risk for the development of central nervous system infection. A recent study in slaughter pigs have shown that brain lesions associated with bacterial valvular endocarditis are common. Immunosuppression, low birth weight and broad spectrum antibiotic therapy are among the predisposing factor to the development of septicemic candidosis. In our case report, the piglet was the lighter in the litter at weaning and in the day of necropsy, besides antibiotic therapy was attempted twice in the piglet what could act as another predisposing factor for the septicemic candidosis. This was an unusual case of systemic candidosis with brain involvement and neurological clinical signs associated, due to C. glabrata infection in a piglet.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Infecções Estreptocócicas/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/patologia , Candidíase/veterinária , Streptococcus suis/patogenicidade , Candida glabrata/patogenicidade , Endocardite/veterinária
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