Effects of oxygen supplementation in ewes subjected to laparoscopic ovum pick-up under total intravenous anesthesia / Efeitos da suplementação de oxigênio em ovelhas submetidas à aspiração de folículos por laparoscopia sob anestesia intravenosa total

Laparoscopy procedures are useful tools to perform some assisted reproductive biotechnologies in ewes, it requi-res general anesthesia and manoeuvres that might result in alteration of the cardiopulmonary function. For this reason, this study aimed to investigate the effects of oxygen supplementation as a therapeutic measure to mitigate these alterations in ewes submitted to laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Twenty-four healthy adult ewes were submitted to two LOPUs with a 21 days interval, under ketamine-midazolam anesthesia, and receiving each of the two experimental in random order, oxygen treatment (OT) 50 mL/kg/min of oxygen via endotracheal tube and control treatment (CT) not receive any inhalation treatment. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP), rectal temperature (RT), end-tidal CO2 concentration (EtCO2) and recovery anesthesia time were evaluated during LOPU, arterial blood gases and electrolytes were evaluated after induction of anesthesia and at the end of the LOPU. Variables were compared between groups and moments using ANOVA. MAP, SpO2, PaO2, SaO2 and pH were higher in OT, while EtCO2, PaCO2, temperature loss and recovery time were lower. These results allow to conclude that oxy-gen supplementation in ewes submitted to LOPU under TIVA provides benefits in order to mitigate physiological alterations.(AU)

Os procedimentos de laparoscopia são ferramentas úteis para realizar algumas biotecnologias de reprodução assistida em ovelhas, requer anestesia geral e manobras que podem resultar em alteração da função cardiopulmonar. Por esse motivo, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos da suplementação de oxigênio como medida terapêutica para atenuar as alterações em ovelhas submetidas à Aspiração Folicular guiada por Laparoscopia (LOPU) sob anestesia venosa total (TIVA). Vinte e quatro ovelhas adultas saudáveis foram submetidas a duas LOPUs com intervalo de 21 dias, sob anestesia com cetamina-midazolam, recebendo cada um dos dois experimentos em ordem aleatória, tratamento com oxigênio (OT) 50 mL/kg/min de oxigênio via tubo endotraqueal e tratamento de controle (CT) não recebem nenhum tratamento por inalação. Frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), pressão arterial média (PAM), temperatura retal (TR), concentração expirada de CO2 (EtCO2) e tempo de recuperação da anestesia foram avaliados durante LOPU, arterial gasometria e eletrólitos foram avaliados após a indução da anestesia e ao final da COL. As variáveis foram comparadas entre grupos e momentos por meio de ANOVA. PAM, SpO2, PaO2, SaO2 e pH foram maiores no TO, enquanto EtCO2, PaCO2, perda de temperatura e tempo de recuperação foram menores. Estes resultados permitem concluir que a suplementação de oxigênio em ovelhas submetidas a LOPU sob TIVA proporciona benefícios no sentido de atenuar as alterações fisiológicas.(AU)

The feasibility and effectiveness of thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic approach for lung biopsy in rabbits: a randomized study

Purpose To assess the feasibility of thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic approach for biopsy of all lung lobes and to determine the optimal intercostal space (ICS) for biopsy of each lung lobe. Methods Ten rabbits were positioned in dorsal recumbency. Total thoracoscopy lung biopsy was made combined transdiaphragmatic approach and right ICS approaches. A camera port was made in the transdiaphragmatic approach and the instrument port was made of ICS 7 and ICS 9. A pre tied loop ligature was placed to performed a caudal lung lobe biopsy and to simulate biopsies of the others lung lobes. Results Biopsy of the cranial aspect of the right caudal lung lobe was performed at ICS 9. Simulated biopsy of the accessory lung lobe was performed at ICS 9. Simulated lung biopsy of the right cranial and middle lung lobes was performed at ICS 7. The caudal and dorsal aspect of the right caudal lung lobe was not visualized by telescope at transdiaphragmatic approach, and biopsy was not performed. Conclusions Thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic approach for lung lobes biopsies was a feasible technique, except for the caudal aspect of the right caudal lung lobe. An ideal intercostal port for biopsy of each right lung lobe was determined.(AU)

Comparison between single port videolaparoscopy and miniceliotomy with snock hook ovariohysterectomy techniques in bitches / Comparação das técnicas videolaparoscópica com único portal e miniceliotomia com gancho de Snook para ovário-histerectomia em cadelas

In order to use and study minimally invasive techniques to reduce side effects of ovarian-hysterectomy (OHE) in bitches, the aim of this study was to compare time, surgical complications, pain and postoperative inflammatory response, caused by single port videolaparoscopic OHE and traditional miniceliotomy with snook hook. Twenty-four healthy bitches were randomly divided in two groups: videolaparoscopy (Video) and miniceliotomy (MiniLap). Surgical time and complications, pain, need for analgesic rescue, C-reactive protein concentration, glycaemia and voluntary food ingestion were evaluated during 24 hours following the procedure and compared statistically. Surgical time (38±7min), surgical complications (17%), postoperative pain intensity, need for analgesic rescue and C-reactive protein concentration were similar between groups (P>0.05). Glycaemia was lower in Video group (P=0.03), animals fed faster and in greater proportion (P=0.02). Thus, it is concluded that both OHE techniques result in similar complications, surgical time and inflammatory response; however, animals on Video group fed more readily and presented lower glycaemia, which point to lower stress levels. These findings validated the indication of this technique.(AU)

Com o intuito de utilizar e estudar técnicas minimamente invasivas que permitam reduzir os efeitos adversos da ovário-histerectomia (OVH) em cadelas objetivou-se comparar: o tempo, as complicações cirúrgicas, a dor e a resposta inflamatória pós-operatória, resultantes da OVH laparoscópica por único portal e a miniceliotomia tradicional com gancho de Snook. Vinte e quatro cadelas hígidas foram aleatoriamente divididas em dois grupos e realizadas a OVH por videolaparoscopia (Vídeo) ou miniceliotomia (MiniLap). Avaliaram-se e compararam-se estatisticamente: o tempo e intercorrências cirúrgicas, a dor, necessidade de resgate analgésico, concentração sérica de proteína C reativa, glicemia e o consumo voluntário de alimento durante as 24 horas subsequentes ao procedimento. O tempo operatório (38±7min), as intercorrências cirúrgicas (17%), a intensidade de dor pós-operatória, a necessidade de resgate analgésico e a concentração sérica de proteína C reativa foram similares entre os grupos (P>0,05). A glicemia foi menor nos animais do grupo Vídeo (P=0,03) e estes se alimentaram mais rapidamente e em maior proporção (P=0,02). Assim, conclui-se que as técnicas de OVH por videolaparoscopia, miniceliotomia resultam em complicações, tempos cirúrgicos e respostas inflamatórias similares, no entanto, os animais submetidos à videolaparoscopia se alimentam mais prontamente e apresentam menor índice glicêmico indicando um nível de estresse menor e este resultado considera-se válido para a indicação desta técnica.(AU)

Parafimose traumática: relato em cão

A parafimose, uma das diferentes afecções que podem atingir o sistema reprodutor masculino, é uma condição caracteriza da pela incapacidade do pênis em se retrair corretamente, que atinge cães machos de diferentes raças e idades. A gravidade é variável, podendo acarretar desde problemas reprodutivos a óbito. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever um caso de parafimose em um paciente canino sem raça definida, de quatro anos de idade, atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Franca (UNIFRAN -SP), que respondeu favoravelmente ao tratamento conservativo instituído.(AU)

Paraphimosis, one of the different conditions that can reach the male reproductive system, is a condition characterized by the inability of the penis to retract properly affecting male dogs of different races and ages. The severity is variable, and can lead from reproductive problems to deaths. The aim of this report is to describe a case of paraphimosis in a canine patient, four years, treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Franca (UNIFRAN -SP), who responded favorably to the conservative treatment instituted.(AU)

Parafimose traumática: relato em cão

A parafimose, uma das diferentes afecções que podem atingir o sistema reprodutor masculino, é uma condição caracteriza da pela incapacidade do pênis em se retrair corretamente, que atinge cães machos de diferentes raças e idades. A gravidade é variável, podendo acarretar desde problemas reprodutivos a óbito. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever um caso de parafimose em um paciente canino sem raça definida, de quatro anos de idade, atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Franca (UNIFRAN -SP), que respondeu favoravelmente ao tratamento conservativo instituído.

Paraphimosis, one of the different conditions that can reach the male reproductive system, is a condition characterized by the inability of the penis to retract properly affecting male dogs of different races and ages. The severity is variable, and can lead from reproductive problems to deaths. The aim of this report is to describe a case of paraphimosis in a canine patient, four years, treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Franca (UNIFRAN -SP), who responded favorably to the conservative treatment instituted.

Percutaneous endoscopic retrieval of gizzard foreign body in a goose using an operative telescope

Background: Foreign bodies are most commonly diagnosed in stomach (proventriculus and gizzard) of galliformes birds and waterfowl. Endoscopyis routinely used to assess birds respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. Endosurgeryis also used for sex determination and intra-coelomaticorgan biopsy. Benefits of endoscopic approaches are widely reported in birds. Conventional surgical approaches are far more invasive and risky for those patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was to describe a successful case of gizzard foreign body removal in a greylag goose (Anseranser), using a rigid endoscopic approach through a minimally invasive percutaneous access.Case: A 2-year-old female greylag goose, weighting 3,116 g, was referred to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital presenting apathy and anorexia for at least 24 h. The results on hematologic assessment were within normal range for the species. Radiographic examination indicated presence of radiopaque content, resembling gizzard sediment. Thus, the patient undergone to endoscopy for examination and aspiration of the content. The goose was fasted for 6 h. Anesthesia was induced by face mask and maintained by endotracheal tube, using isoflurane vaporized in 100% oxygen. The patient was positioned in the lateral recumbence. The patients neck was longer than the working length of the rigid endoscope. Thus, the telescope was [...]

Percutaneous endoscopic retrieval of gizzard foreign body in a goose using an operative telescope

Background: Foreign bodies are most commonly diagnosed in stomach (proventriculus and gizzard) of galliformes birds and waterfowl. Endoscopyis routinely used to assess birds respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. Endosurgeryis also used for sex determination and intra-coelomaticorgan biopsy. Benefits of endoscopic approaches are widely reported in birds. Conventional surgical approaches are far more invasive and risky for those patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was to describe a successful case of gizzard foreign body removal in a greylag goose (Anseranser), using a rigid endoscopic approach through a minimally invasive percutaneous access.Case: A 2-year-old female greylag goose, weighting 3,116 g, was referred to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital presenting apathy and anorexia for at least 24 h. The results on hematologic assessment were within normal range for the species. Radiographic examination indicated presence of radiopaque content, resembling gizzard sediment. Thus, the patient undergone to endoscopy for examination and aspiration of the content. The goose was fasted for 6 h. Anesthesia was induced by face mask and maintained by endotracheal tube, using isoflurane vaporized in 100% oxygen. The patient was positioned in the lateral recumbence. The patients neck was longer than the working length of the rigid endoscope. Thus, the telescope was [...](AU)

Vasectomy in spotted paca (Cuniculus paca)

Background: Cuniculus paca is the second largest neotropical rodent. It is not endangered, but your habitat has been destroyed and the specie has been hunted, because of its prized meat. In this context captive breeding is an alternative to reduce the hunt. Then, adult male vasectomy is an interesting alternative for Cuniculus paca since the animal does not lose libido and maintain cyclicity of females into the enclosure. This technique is a method of sterilization which the vas deferens is surgically clamped, cut, or otherwise sealed and thus prevents the release of sperm when a male ejaculates. The aim of this study was to describe the vasectomy technique on a male spotted paca kept in captive. Case: A captive adult male of Cuniculus paca, lived in Brazilian wild fauna breeding for scientific research. It was maintained on precinct with no other animal, ate fruits, vegetables, tubers and rodent chow and water offered ad libitum. It was submitted to bilateral vasectomy to maintain reproductive behavior on bevy, but not impregnate females. The anaesthesia was performed using ketamine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg IM) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg IM) as premedication, and isoflurane in open system by facemask diluted in 100% O2 for induction and maintenance. Immediately after induction, was performed epidural anesthesia using 4 mg/kg of lidocaine hydrochloride without vasoconstrictor [...]

Vasectomy in spotted paca (Cuniculus paca)

Background: Cuniculus paca is the second largest neotropical rodent. It is not endangered, but your habitat has been destroyed and the specie has been hunted, because of its prized meat. In this context captive breeding is an alternative to reduce the hunt. Then, adult male vasectomy is an interesting alternative for Cuniculus paca since the animal does not lose libido and maintain cyclicity of females into the enclosure. This technique is a method of sterilization which the vas deferens is surgically clamped, cut, or otherwise sealed and thus prevents the release of sperm when a male ejaculates. The aim of this study was to describe the vasectomy technique on a male spotted paca kept in captive. Case: A captive adult male of Cuniculus paca, lived in Brazilian wild fauna breeding for scientific research. It was maintained on precinct with no other animal, ate fruits, vegetables, tubers and rodent chow and water offered ad libitum. It was submitted to bilateral vasectomy to maintain reproductive behavior on bevy, but not impregnate females. The anaesthesia was performed using ketamine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg IM) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg IM) as premedication, and isoflurane in open system by facemask diluted in 100% O2 for induction and maintenance. Immediately after induction, was performed epidural anesthesia using 4 mg/kg of lidocaine hydrochloride without vasoconstrictor [...](AU)

Single-port laparoscopic ovariectomy using a pre-tied loop ligature in Santa Ines ewes / Ovariectomia por um portal laparoscópico com aplicação de ligaduras pré-montadas em ovelhas Santa Inês

The aim of the study was to develop and assess the feasibility, postoperative pain and inflammatory response of the single-port laparoscopic ovariectomy in ewes, using a simple pre-tied loop ligature technique. Pre-tied Meltzer's knot was employed for prophylactic hemostasis of the ovarian pedicle. Slipknot was inserted within the abdominal cavity through a 14-gauge needle and tied surrounding the ovarian pedicle. Mean surgical time, manipulation, ligature and resection of each ovary and anesthesia time were 63±20, 20±10 and 91±26 minutes, respectively. No bleeding occurred during the surgeries. Ewes showed low scores pain (0.5±0.5) at all time-points. Postsurgical plasma fibrinogen was within the normal range for sheep specie at all time-points. The ewes showed a significant weight gain in comparison to the basal scaling (one day before the surgery). Single-port laparoscopic ovariectomy using a pre-tied loop ligature is feasible in the ovine specie and provided minimal postoperative distress and quick weight gain.(AU)

Objetivou-se com este trabalho desenvolver e descrever uma técnica de ovariectomia por videolaparoscopia utilizando um portal laparoscópico e um sistema de ligadura pré-montada, avaliando a sua viabilidade, o desconforto doloroso e o processo inflamatório provocado em ovelhas. O nó de Meltzer pré-montado foi utilizado para hemostasia profilática do pedículo ovariano. O nó corrediço foi inserido na cavidade abdominal através de uma agulha 14G e atado em torno do pedículo ovariano. O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 63±20min, o de manipulação, ligadura e ressecção para cada ovário foi de 20±10min, e o de anestesia 91±26min. Não houve hemorragia durante as cirurgias. As ovelhas apresentaram escores de dor considerados baixos (0,5±0,5). Todos os valores do fibrinogênio plasmático estiveram dentro do padrão de normalidade, não havendo diferença estatística entre os momentos avaliados. Houve aumento significativo nas médias de peso das fêmeas, quando comparados ao momento controle (um dia anterior ao experimento). A ovariectomia por um portal laparoscópico com aplicação de ligaduras pré-montadas é factível para a espécie ovina, provocando mínimo estresse, desconforto doloroso e rápido ganho de peso nos animais.(AU)

Conventional and doppler abdominal ultrasonography in pacas (Cuniculus paca)

Background: The first report of ultrasound evaluation in pacas was for gestational diagnosis and monitoring. However,there are no reports of the use of this technique for the evaluation of abdominal structure in pacas. Elucidating the biologyof wild species is important for preservation and potential use as experimental models for human and animal research. Assuch, this study aimed to describe an ultrasonographic view of major abdominal organs and determine the vascular indicesof abdominal aorta and renal arteries in pacas (Cuniculus paca) by Doppler mode.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen adult females with a mean weight of nine kilograms were positioned into dorsal orlateral recumbency. A specific gel was applied, and transabdominal ultrasound examination was performed by a single experienced evaluator using MyLab 30 VET ultrasound equipment (ESAOTE, Italy) with 7.5 and 10.0 MHz linear transducers.Anatomy, biometry and ultrasonographic findings, such as ecogenicity, echotexture and wall thickness of main abdominalorgans (bladder, kidneys, adrenals, spleen, liver, digestive system and ovaries), were assessed during the ultrasound scan.Doppler ultrasound was used to determine the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI = [PSV - EDV]/PSV) and pulsatility index (PI = [PSV - EDV]/mean velocity) of the abdominal aorta and renalarteries. The animals were healthy based on physical examination, hemogram and biochemical profile. Furthermore, wedetermined that the ultrasound technique for abdominal evaluation of these animals was feasible. Major abdominal organswere accessed using conventional ultrasonography biometric values and sonographic characteristics. Doppler examinationwas used to determine mean vascular indices of the abdominal aorta and the left and right renal arteries...(AU)

Conventional and doppler abdominal ultrasonography in pacas (Cuniculus paca)

Background: The first report of ultrasound evaluation in pacas was for gestational diagnosis and monitoring. However,there are no reports of the use of this technique for the evaluation of abdominal structure in pacas. Elucidating the biologyof wild species is important for preservation and potential use as experimental models for human and animal research. Assuch, this study aimed to describe an ultrasonographic view of major abdominal organs and determine the vascular indicesof abdominal aorta and renal arteries in pacas (Cuniculus paca) by Doppler mode.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen adult females with a mean weight of nine kilograms were positioned into dorsal orlateral recumbency. A specific gel was applied, and transabdominal ultrasound examination was performed by a single experienced evaluator using MyLab 30 VET ultrasound equipment (ESAOTE, Italy) with 7.5 and 10.0 MHz linear transducers.Anatomy, biometry and ultrasonographic findings, such as ecogenicity, echotexture and wall thickness of main abdominalorgans (bladder, kidneys, adrenals, spleen, liver, digestive system and ovaries), were assessed during the ultrasound scan.Doppler ultrasound was used to determine the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI = [PSV - EDV]/PSV) and pulsatility index (PI = [PSV - EDV]/mean velocity) of the abdominal aorta and renalarteries. The animals were healthy based on physical examination, hemogram and biochemical profile. Furthermore, wedetermined that the ultrasound technique for abdominal evaluation of these animals was feasible. Major abdominal organswere accessed using conventional ultrasonography biometric values and sonographic characteristics. Doppler examinationwas used to determine mean vascular indices of the abdominal aorta and the left and right renal arteries...

Use of a standard operative laparoscope for ventriculus foreign body removal in a Toco Toucan (Ramphastos toco)

Background: Cases of ventricular foreign bodies are common in some species of birds. Moreover, ventricular impactions may develop depending on the type of the material ingested. The diagnosis is based on physical examination, radiography, endoscopy and surgical exploration. The choice of the treatment basically depends on the nature of the foreign body. Endoscopy is a less invasive approach that can be used in some situations, in some species. The benefits of endoscopic approaches are wide, as traditional approaches are more invasive and inflict a higher postoperative morbidity and mortality. However, the correct endoscope technique never been described. This study reports a case of a foreign body in a toucan's ventriculus, removed using a standard operative laparoscope/nephroscope. Case: A young Toco Toucan (Ramphastos toco) was referred to the Veterinary Hospital (São Paulo State University - FCAV/UNESP) by the State Environmental Guard. Survey radiographs indicated a foreign body in the ventriculus. The physical exam revealed apathy, but the bird was responsive to handling. The patient was pinioned. Based on the size of the foreign body, the endoscope retrieval was the first treatment option. The patient was fasted for 6 hours and anesthetized with isoflurane. The rigid endoscope/laparoscope with working channel was carefully passed through the esophagus, into the ventriculus. This view was impaired by a large amount of fibrin and gastroesophageal mucus, which was rinsed with normal saline and aspirated through the operating channel. There was marked hyperemia on the ventriculus mucosa and a large amount of fibrin and gastroesophageal mucus. The foreign body was retrieved using a standard 10-mm 0° rigid laparoscope/nephroscope with working channel, and a 42 cm long, 5-mm atraumatic laparoscopic Babcock forceps by gentile traction and axial rotation. The overall intervention time was 24 min, since mask induction until foreign body retrieve. The patient recovered with no complications in the early postoperative period and convalesced completely and uneventfully following 2 days. Discussion: The operative rigid endoscope allowed for both visualization of the oral cavity, esophagus, proventriculus and ventriculus and foreign body removal, through the working channel, demonstrating the potential benefits and feasibility of such approach in birds. Nevertheless, up to date, endoscopy have been used in toucans only for sex determination. The current report demonstrated the effectiveness of endoscopy in order to avoid the risk of death due to a surgical approach. Gastrointestinal foreign bodies are common indication for endoscopic approach. If the foreign body is present in the crop, it is easily removed with the use of an endoscope and grasper forceps, or by ingluviotomy. Even though the foreign body passes into the proventriculus or ventriculus, rigid endoscopy may still be the best treatment option. The 30º Trendelenburg positioning was crucial for the complete success of the procedure, not only for avoiding the risk of fluid aspiration, but also for improving the access to the ventriculus.

Evaluation of the testicular stroma echogenicity in prepubertal RAM / Avaliação da ecogenicidade do estroma testicular em carneiros pré-púberes

The aim of this study was to establish a standard ultrasound echogenicity of the testicular stroma in prepubertal sheep correlating with testicular biometry. Eight Santa Ines rams aging 6 months were evaluated. It was used an Aquila Vet ultrasound with 6 MHz linear transducer using acoustic gel on the previously shaved scrotal region. Sagittal, frontal and transverse images of right and left testicles were recorded to evaluate the image echogenicity (gray scale) on selected predetermined areas of the testicular stroma. The biometric evaluations were performed according to to the standard method. The testicular stroma was homogeneous, with echogenicity 53.95 ± 6.5%, 55.70 ± 6.4% and 55.68 ± 6.4% for the right, left and the testis mean, respectively. There was also a high correlation between echogenicity and scrotal circumference (P = 0.0027, r= 0.80, r2 = 0.75). The study showed a contribution to andrological findings, showing accurately and practical the echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma of prepubertal ram, optimizing the early breeding evaluation.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer um padrão ultrassonográfico da ecogenicidade do estroma testicular em ovinos pré-púberes correlacionando com a biometria testicular. Foram avaliados 8 carneiros de 6 meses de idade e raça Santa Inês. Foi utilizado um aparelho Áquila Vet, ligado ao transdutor linear 6 MHz, utilizando gel acústico sobre a bolsa testicular previamente tricotomizada nas regiões de aferição. Foram feitas imagens em planos sagitais, transversais e frontais nos testículos direito e esquerdo. Com a função de aferição de ecogenicidade da imagem (escala de cinza), no próprio aparelho foram selecionadas áreas predeterminadas do estroma testicular. As avaliações biométricas foram realizadas de acordo com o método padrão. O estroma testicular apresentou-se, de uma forma geral, homogêneo, com ecogenicidade 53,95±6,5%, 55,70±6,4% e 55,68± 6,4% para o testículo direito, esquerdo e a média dos testículos, respectivamente. Também se verificou uma correlação entre a ecogenicidade e a circunferência escrotal (P= 0,0027, r= 0,80, r2 = 0,75), sendo uma correlação alta. O estudo apresentou uma contribuição para os achados andrológicos, mostrando com precisão e de maneira prática a ecogenicidade do parênquima testicular de carneiros pré-púberes, otimizando a avaliação precoce de reprodutores.

Evaluation of the testicular stroma echogenicity in prepubertal RAM / Avaliação da ecogenicidade do estroma testicular em carneiros pré-púberes

The aim of this study was to establish a standard ultrasound echogenicity of the testicular stroma in prepubertal sheep correlating with testicular biometry. Eight Santa Ines rams aging 6 months were evaluated. It was used an Aquila Vet ultrasound with 6 MHz linear transducer using acoustic gel on the previously shaved scrotal region. Sagittal, frontal and transverse images of right and left testicles were recorded to evaluate the image echogenicity (gray scale) on selected predetermined areas of the testicular stroma. The biometric evaluations were performed according to to the standard method. The testicular stroma was homogeneous, with echogenicity 53.95 ± 6.5%, 55.70 ± 6.4% and 55.68 ± 6.4% for the right, left and the testis mean, respectively. There was also a high correlation between echogenicity and scrotal circumference (P = 0.0027, r= 0.80, r2 = 0.75). The study showed a contribution to andrological findings, showing accurately and practical the echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma of prepubertal ram, optimizing the early breeding evaluation.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer um padrão ultrassonográfico da ecogenicidade do estroma testicular em ovinos pré-púberes correlacionando com a biometria testicular. Foram avaliados 8 carneiros de 6 meses de idade e raça Santa Inês. Foi utilizado um aparelho Áquila Vet, ligado ao transdutor linear 6 MHz, utilizando gel acústico sobre a bolsa testicular previamente tricotomizada nas regiões de aferição. Foram feitas imagens em planos sagitais, transversais e frontais nos testículos direito e esquerdo. Com a função de aferição de ecogenicidade da imagem (escala de cinza), no próprio aparelho foram selecionadas áreas predeterminadas do estroma testicular. As avaliações biométricas foram realizadas de acordo com o método padrão. O estroma testicular apresentou-se, de uma forma geral, homogêneo, com ecogenicidade 53,95±6,5%, 55,70±6,4% e 55,68± 6,4% para o testículo direito, esquerdo e a média dos testículos, respectivamente. Também se verificou uma correlação entre a ecogenicidade e a circunferência escrotal (P= 0,0027, r= 0,80, r2 = 0,75), sendo uma correlação alta. O estudo apresentou uma contribuição para os achados andrológicos, mostrando com precisão e de maneira prática a ecogenicidade do parênquima testicular de carneiros pré-púberes, otimizando a avaliação precoce de reprodutores.(AU)

Técnicas de ovariectomias por videolaparoscopia em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês

A castração de fêmeas se mostra importante na produção animal. Porém, existem poucas técnicas de ovariectomia descritas em pequenos ruminantes. Desta forma, objetiva-se com o presente estudo propor técnicas alternativas por videolaparoscopia e avaliá-las quanto ao desconforto doloroso dos animais e consequentemente queda na produção, viabilidade e tempo de execução. Sendo assim, primeiramente descreveu-se e comparou-se a ovariectomia por laparotomia (OL), vídeo-assistida (OVA) e total vídeolaparoscópica (OTV) em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês adultas, avaliando o trans e pós-cirúrgico, e verificando o estresse causado às fêmeas por cada procedimento. Já em um segundo momento objetivou-se desenvolver e descrever uma técnica de ovariectomia por videolaparoscopia utilizando um portal laparoscópico e um sistema de ligadura pré-montada (OTVM), avaliando a sua viabilidade, o desconforto doloroso e o processo inflamatório provocado em ovelhas da mesma raça. Concluiu-se então que as técnicas OVA e OTV apresentaram grande vantagem em relação a OL por serem processos minimamente invasivos, de rápida realização e que proporcionam mínimo desconforto e ótima recuperação das ovelhas, sendo recomendado por causar mínimo estresse e decréscimo na produção animal. E que a OTVM foi viável e exeqüível para a espécie ovina, não provocando também hemorragias, estresse, desconforto doloroso e perda de peso nos animais, apesar do tempo cirúrgico ter sido maior que nas outras técnicas laparoscópicas

The castration of females is important in animal production. However, there are few techniques of ovariectomy described in small ruminants. Thus, the aim of this study was propose alternative techniques of ovariectomy by laparoscopy and evaluate the painful discomfort of the animals and consequently decrease in production, the feasibility and execution time. Therefore, at a first moment was described and compared the ovariectomy by laparotomy (OL), video-assisted (OVA) and total laparoscopic (OTV) in Santa Ines adult ewes, evaluating the transoperative and postoperative, and the stress caused to females for each procedure. In a second moment, aimed to develop and describe a technique for ovariectomy by laparoscopy using one portal and a ligation system pre-assembled (OTVM), evaluating their feasibility, the painful discomfort and the inflammatory process caused in ewes in the same breed. It was concluded that the OVA and OTV techniques had a great advantage compared to OL, once they are minimally invasive procedures, of rapid implementation and provide a minimal discomfort and great recovery of ewes, being recommended since they cause a minimal stress and decrease in animal production. The OTVM was viably and feasibly to the ovine species, not causing bleeding, stress, painful discomfort and weight loss in animals, although the surgical time have been greater than in other laparoscopic techniques

The impact of clinical presentation, presence of SIRS and organ dysfunction on mortality in bitches with pyometra / O impacto da apresentação clínica, presença de SIRS e disfunção de órgãos em cadelas com piometra

This retrospective study evaluated the impact of the clinical presentation of pyometra on the morbidity and mortality of the affected bitches. The medical records of 47 bitches surgically treated for pyometra between May and December 2017 were evaluated. The admission data were analyzed to classify the animals according to the clinical presentation of pyometra, presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and organic dysfunctions (cardiovascular, neurological, renal, and hemostatic). The outcomes were recorded for up to 14 days. The overall mortality rate was 13%. Open and closed pyometra were identified in 62% (n= 29) and 38% (n= 18) of the cases, respectively. The SIRS was present in 44 (94%) bitches, and 27 (57%) had at least one organ dysfunction. The most prevalent dysfunction was hemostatic, followed by neurological, cardiovascular, and renal dysfunction. The clinical presentation of pyometra and the presence of SIRS did not correlate with each other, or with the presence of organ dysfunction and mortality. However, cumulative organ dysfunction (r=0.532, P=<0.001) and the presence of neurological (r= -0.371; P=0.012) and renal dysfunction (r=0.303; P=0.041) were correlated with mortality. Thus, the identification of organ dysfunction through physical examination and routine laboratory analysis proved to be more effective in identifying and predicting the critically ill patients than the SIRS criteria or clinical presentation of the disease.

O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar o impacto da apresentação clínica da piometra na morbimortalidade das cadelas afetadas. Foram avaliados os registros clínicos de 47 cadelas tratadas cirurgicamente para piometra entre maio e dezembro de 2017. Os dados recolhidos na admissão foram analisados para classificar os animais quanto à apresentação clínica da piometra, presença de critérios da Síndrome da Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica (SRIS) e disfunções orgânicas - cardiovascular, neurológica, renal e hemostática. Foi registrado o desfecho durante 14 dias. A mortalidade global foi de 13%. Piometra aberta e fechada foram identificadas em 62% (n= 29) e 38% (n= 18) respectivamente. SRIS esteve presente em 44 (94%) cadelas e 27 (57%) tiveram pelo menos uma disfunção orgânica. A disfunção mais prevalente foi a hemostática, seguida da neurológica, cardiovascular e renal. A apresentação clínica da piometra e a presença de SRIS não se correlacionaram entre si ou com presença de disfunção orgânica e mortalidade. No entanto, a quantidade de disfunções orgânicas (r=0.532, P=<0.001) e a presença das disfunções neurológica (r= -0.371; P=0.012) e renal (r=0.303; P=0.041) foram correlacionados com mortalidade. Assim, a identificação de disfunções orgânicas através do exame físico e análises laboratoriais de rotina mostrou-se mais eficaz na identificação e previsão de pacientes críticos do que os critérios de SRIS ou a apresentação clínica da doença.