Pulmonary adenocarcinoma in dogs: surgical treatment with real-time video-thermometry

Background: Pulmonary neoplasia is an abnormal proliferation of cells at the lung tissue, and may be classified as primary, secondary or metastatic, and multisystemic. However, primary neoplasia is rare in canids. Additionally, neoplasms may be classified according to their biological behavior as either malignant or benign. Malignant tumors are more prevalent. The diagnosis can be difficult due to nonspecific symptoms, taking into account that some affected patients do not have symptoms at all; thus, the real incidence of the disease might remain undiagnosed on certain occasions. Therefore, we aimed to report an unprecedented successful case of lung lobectomy surgery in dogs with the aid of infrared video thermometry, which showed real-time images during the surgical procedure. Case: A 10-year-old male dog, crossbreed with Cocker Spaniel, was attended with a history of lethargy, dullness, progressive weight loss, cough, and difficulty breathing. Due to the chronic severity of the clinical signs and the normal physiological clinical examination, complementary exams were requested, such as radiography of the cervical and thoracic regions, cranial and thoracoabdominal computed tomography (TCT). The results of the exams showed the presence of a nodule mass in the right caudal pulmonary lobe which caused a lateral deviation to the left hemithorax of the cardiac silhouette. The patient underwent a surgical procedure with an approach through the thoracic region, at the height of the seventh intercostal space, and a total lobectomy was performed. Throughout the surgical procedure, video thermometry in real-time through the MART station (Metabolic Activity in Real-Time FLIR SC325®) was used to determine the viability of adjacent tissues through temperature differences measured in degrees Celsius. The surgical fragment containing the direct caudal pulmonary lobe and the mass were sent to the pathology sector for anatomopathological evaluation. An abundant papillary epithelial proliferation was visualized through microscopy, presenting areas of necrosis and inflammatory polymorphonuclear infiltrate. The nodule was diagnosed as lung papillary adenocarcinoma. Discussion: Adenocarcinomas consist of papillary, acinar, solid, or mixed glandular structures. They may originate from the airways, bronchial glands, or bronchoalveolar region, and often show invasive growth presenting a rudimentary and irregular shape. The clinical signs are non-specific, including exercise intolerance, non-productive cough, chronic respiratory signs such as tachypnoea or dyspnea, reduced appetite, weight loss, lethargy, chest palpation pain, hemothorax, pneumothorax, and pleural effusion. The diagnosis is concluded through imaging diagnostic tests, of which chest radiography is the most important, followed by magnetic resonance and computed tomography. Also, histopathological examination is essential to determine a definitive diagnosis. The treatment of choice for adenocarcinoma nodules is a surgical excision of the tumor mass. However, the type of surgical approach is determined by different factors such as size, location, and involvement of adjacent structures. The ablation of pulmonary masses may be performed either via partial or total lobectomies. Nevertheless, partial lobectomy is more often performed on non-neoplastic masses or to obtain material for biopsy, whilst total lobectomy is recommended for a malignant neoplasm removal. The prognosis is always guarded, having a more favorable outcome in masses of the smaller diameter without the involvement of adjacent structures.(AU)

Tríade felina: relato de caso / Feline triaditis: case report

Feline triaditis is the combination of cholangitis, pancreatitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in cats. The present study was aimed to report the case of feline triaditis highlighting the importance of a proper and effective clinical approach. A queen of 4 years old was taken to the veterinarian presenting lethargy, depression, dehydration and weight loss. It was required a complete blood count, biochemical testing, an abdominal ultrasound and an exploratory laparotomy. Based on exams accomplished was diagnosed feline triad and instituted treatment was fluid therapy and administration of analgesics, nutraceutical and hypoallergenic diet.

Tríade felina: relato de caso / Feline triaditis: case report

Feline triaditis is the combination of cholangitis, pancreatitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in cats. The present study was aimed to report the case of feline triaditis highlighting the importance of a proper and effective clinical approach. A queen of 4 years old was taken to the veterinarian presenting lethargy, depression, dehydration and weight loss. It was required a complete blood count, biochemical testing, an abdominal ultrasound and an exploratory laparotomy. Based on exams accomplished was diagnosed feline triad and instituted treatment was fluid therapy and administration of analgesics, nutraceutical and hypoallergenic diet.(AU)

Diagnóstico clínico-terapêutico de uma gato com doença renal crônica positivo para imunodeficiência viral e infecção urinária / Clinical monitoring therapeutic a cat with a chronic kidney disease positive for a Viral Immunodeficiency and urinary infection

A doença renal crônica (DRC) é a enfermidade mais frequentemente diagnosticada em animais de companhia e a segunda causa de morte em gatos. Os principais sinais clínicos em gatos são: perda de peso, anorexia/inapetência, desidratação, depressão, polidipsia, poliúria, vômitos, fraqueza e constipação. Para um diagnóstico preciso e visando otimizar o manejo e o prognóstico de um doente renal sugere-se realizar uma boa anamnese, uso de exames complementares (hematológicos, bioquímicos, de imagem e urinálise). A abordagem terapêutica é realizada segundo os estádios da DRC, determinados pela International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) e deve ser adaptadas para o paciente de forma individual, através da monitorização seriada e resposta ao tratamento. Diante do pressuposto, o objetivo do trabalho foi descrever um relato de caso clínico de um felino com DRC portador da imunodeficiência viral (FIV) com uma infecção urinária associada. O paciente apresentava anorexia, desidratação, gengivite com placa bacteriana, linfonodos reativos e na palpação renal foi visualizado um rim pequeno e irregularidades na superfície renal. O diagnóstico foi encontrado por hemograma completo, bioquímico, ultrassonografia abdominal e urinálise. A terapia foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes do IRIS, tais: fluidoterapia, ração renal, uso de quelantes e bicarbonato de sódio, além de antibiótico específico e sensível para a infecção urinária, tendo resultando em uma melhora da doença e na qualidade de vida do paciente.(AU)

Kidney chronic disease is the most frequently diagnosed disease in companion animals and it is the second cause of death in cats. Major clinical signs in cats are weight loss, anorexia / loss of appetite, dehydration, depression, polydipsia, polyuria, vomiting, weakness, and constipation. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis and improving management and prognosis of renal ill is easier accomplished by a careful medical history and use of complementary tests such as hematological, biochemical, imaging, and urinary. Therapeutic approach is performed according to the stages of CKD determined by IRIS. The treatment should be adapted for each patient. The serial monitoring of these patients is ideal and treatment should be adapted according to their response to the treatment. Based on the assumption, we aimed to describe a case report of a cat with CKD, positive for FIV associated with urinary tract infection. The patient showed anorexia, dehydration, and gingivitis with dental plaque. During palpation was noticed reactive lymph nodes and small fibrotic kidney. The diagnosis was confirmed by complete blood count, clinical chemistry, urinalysis and abdominal ultrasound. The chosen therapy was according to the guidelines of IRIS: fluid therapy, renal diet, chelation and use sodium bicarbonate. Urinary tract infection was treated with antibiotic administration and it provided a clinical improvement and increased quality of life.(AU)

Diagnóstico clínico-terapêutico de uma gato com doença renal crônica positivo para imunodeficiência viral e infecção urinária / Clinical monitoring therapeutic a cat with a chronic kidney disease positive for a Viral Immunodeficiency and urinary infection

A doença renal crônica (DRC) é a enfermidade mais frequentemente diagnosticada em animais de companhia e a segunda causa de morte em gatos. Os principais sinais clínicos em gatos são: perda de peso, anorexia/inapetência, desidratação, depressão, polidipsia, poliúria, vômitos, fraqueza e constipação. Para um diagnóstico preciso e visando otimizar o manejo e o prognóstico de um doente renal sugere-se realizar uma boa anamnese, uso de exames complementares (hematológicos, bioquímicos, de imagem e urinálise). A abordagem terapêutica é realizada segundo os estádios da DRC, determinados pela International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) e deve ser adaptadas para o paciente de forma individual, através da monitorização seriada e resposta ao tratamento. Diante do pressuposto, o objetivo do trabalho foi descrever um relato de caso clínico de um felino com DRC portador da imunodeficiência viral (FIV) com uma infecção urinária associada. O paciente apresentava anorexia, desidratação, gengivite com placa bacteriana, linfonodos reativos e na palpação renal foi visualizado um rim pequeno e irregularidades na superfície renal. O diagnóstico foi encontrado por hemograma completo, bioquímico, ultrassonografia abdominal e urinálise. A terapia foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes do IRIS, tais: fluidoterapia, ração renal, uso de quelantes e bicarbonato de sódio, além de antibiótico específico e sensível para a infecção urinária, tendo resultando em uma melhora da doença e na qualidade de vida do paciente.

Kidney chronic disease is the most frequently diagnosed disease in companion animals and it is the second cause of death in cats. Major clinical signs in cats are weight loss, anorexia / loss of appetite, dehydration, depression, polydipsia, polyuria, vomiting, weakness, and constipation. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis and improving management and prognosis of renal ill is easier accomplished by a careful medical history and use of complementary tests such as hematological, biochemical, imaging, and urinary. Therapeutic approach is performed according to the stages of CKD determined by IRIS. The treatment should be adapted for each patient. The serial monitoring of these patients is ideal and treatment should be adapted according to their response to the treatment. Based on the assumption, we aimed to describe a case report of a cat with CKD, positive for FIV associated with urinary tract infection. The patient showed anorexia, dehydration, and gingivitis with dental plaque. During palpation was noticed reactive lymph nodes and small fibrotic kidney. The diagnosis was confirmed by complete blood count, clinical chemistry, urinalysis and abdominal ultrasound. The chosen therapy was according to the guidelines of IRIS: fluid therapy, renal diet, chelation and use sodium bicarbonate. Urinary tract infection was treated with antibiotic administration and it provided a clinical improvement and increased quality of life.

Eletroforese bidimensional e espectrometria de massa como ferramentas proteômicas aplicadas à definição de marcadores proteicos associados à eficiência reprodutiva de caprinos / Two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry as proteomic tools applied to the definition of protein markers associated with reproductive efficiency goats

O crescimento e desenvolvimento do rebanho caprino no Nordeste são observados com o aumento na produção da pecuária do Brasil. Esse aumento é reflexo, a princípio, das maiores exigências do mercado consumidor por produtos de melhor qualidade obtidos a partir de rebanhos de alto padrão zootécnico. As pesquisas atuais ilustram a necessidade de dispor de biomarcadores que auxiliem a indicação do potencial reprodutivo dos animais, uma vez que isso não pode ser expresso apenas com o exame andrológico. A avaliação da expressão das proteínas, tomando-as como biomarcadores, é análise potencial uma vez que estas, dentre os constituintes do plasma seminal, são encontradas em maior quantidade na forma de complexos associados, desempenhando papel crucial em todos os processos relacionados à capacidade fecundante dos espermatozoides. Essa análise é realizada por métodos de separação e detecção simultânea de proteínas utilizando técnicas como a eletroforese bidimensional (2DE) ou cromatografias, acoplados a métodos cada vez mais eficientes e sensíveis de identificação e quantificação de níveis de expressão de proteínas por espectrometria de massas. O objetivo desta revisão é abordar sobre a técnica de eletroforese bidimensional associada à espectrometria de massa como ferramenta na análise da expressão de proteínas dentro do campo da proteômica.

The growth and development of goat herds in the northeast are being observed due to the increase in livestock production in Brazil. This increase reflects demands of the consumer market for high quality product, which are obtained from flocks of high standard zootechnics. Current research illustrates the need for biomarkers that indicate an animal ́s reproductive potential, since this cannot be expressed solely with andrologic evaluation. For this reason, the expression of the proteins as biomarkers is a potential analysis. The proteins from the seminal plasma constituents are found in larger amounts in the form of associated complexes, playing a crucial role in all processes related to the fertilizing capacity of sperm. This analysis is performed by separation methods and simultaneous detection of proteins using techniques such as two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) or chromatography. These techniques are coupled with methods to identify and quantify expression levels of proteins by mass spectrometry that are increasingly efficient and sensitive. The aim of this review was to discuss the technique of two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry as a tool in the analysis of protein expression within the field of proteomics.

Eletroforese bidimensional e espectrometria de massa como ferramentas proteômicas aplicadas à definição de marcadores proteicos associados à eficiência reprodutiva de caprinos / Two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry as proteomic tools applied to the definition of protein markers associated with reproductive efficiency goats

O crescimento e desenvolvimento do rebanho caprino no Nordeste são observados com o aumento na produção da pecuária do Brasil. Esse aumento é reflexo, a princípio, das maiores exigências do mercado consumidor por produtos de melhor qualidade obtidos a partir de rebanhos de alto padrão zootécnico. As pesquisas atuais ilustram a necessidade de dispor de biomarcadores que auxiliem a indicação do potencial reprodutivo dos animais, uma vez que isso não pode ser expresso apenas com o exame andrológico. A avaliação da expressão das proteínas, tomando-as como biomarcadores, é análise potencial uma vez que estas, dentre os constituintes do plasma seminal, são encontradas em maior quantidade na forma de complexos associados, desempenhando papel crucial em todos os processos relacionados à capacidade fecundante dos espermatozoides. Essa análise é realizada por métodos de separação e detecção simultânea de proteínas utilizando técnicas como a eletroforese bidimensional (2DE) ou cromatografias, acoplados a métodos cada vez mais eficientes e sensíveis de identificação e quantificação de níveis de expressão de proteínas por espectrometria de massas. O objetivo desta revisão é abordar sobre a técnica de eletroforese bidimensional associada à espectrometria de massa como ferramenta na análise da expressão de proteínas dentro do campo da proteômica.(AU)

The growth and development of goat herds in the northeast are being observed due to the increase in livestock production in Brazil. This increase reflects demands of the consumer market for high quality product, which are obtained from flocks of high standard zootechnics. Current research illustrates the need for biomarkers that indicate an animal ́s reproductive potential, since this cannot be expressed solely with andrologic evaluation. For this reason, the expression of the proteins as biomarkers is a potential analysis. The proteins from the seminal plasma constituents are found in larger amounts in the form of associated complexes, playing a crucial role in all processes related to the fertilizing capacity of sperm. This analysis is performed by separation methods and simultaneous detection of proteins using techniques such as two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) or chromatography. These techniques are coupled with methods to identify and quantify expression levels of proteins by mass spectrometry that are increasingly efficient and sensitive. The aim of this review was to discuss the technique of two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry as a tool in the analysis of protein expression within the field of proteomics.(AU)