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1.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 49: Pub. 1833, 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1363712

Resumo

Pathological changes in the umbilical region are common in calves. Among such alterations, omphalitis is included. This term is used to define inflammation and infection of the external structures of the umbilicus. According to the affected structures, it can be subclassified into omphalophlebitis, omphaloarteritis, omphalourachitis and panvasculitis. These inflammations are usually associated with bacterial infections. There are predisposing conditions that include inadequate handling such as poor hygiene and neglect of primary care. Omphalitis can affect the animal in a multisystemic way, compromising its well-being and bringing economic losses. In treatment, the use of antimicrobials does not always solve the problem. Thus, surgical treatment can be used, which has good results and should be the choice in the disease. The objective of this work is to report 30 cases of omphalitis in calves, submitted to surgical or conservative treatment. Thirty cases of omphalitis in calves treated in the routine of the Veterinary Hospital of the Paranaense University was analyzed. On physical examination, the animals presented fever, apathy, hyporexia or anorexia and increase of umbilical volume, usually with purulent secretion. Some animals had sepsis and arthritis. In animals with sepsis, hyperemia of the episcleral vessels, dehydration and severe apathy were observed. In calves with arthritis, increased joint volume, pain on palpation and lameness were observed. In animals where the owners did not authorize the surgery, treatment was instituted with sulfadoxine and flunixim meglumine. In dehydrated calves, fluid therapy was used. Animals that were surgically treated received the same clinical treatment protocol as non-operated animals. The surgical procedure was performed under general anesthesia and consisted of resection of the affected umbilical structures. Omphalophlebitis was the most common illness. The most frequent complication was sepsis. Calves treated surgically had a higher survival rate (86.66%) than those treated clinically (46.67%). The clinical signs presented by all animals converged with the literature, allowing for clinical diagnosis. Clinical examination is essential for diagnosis in omphalitis cases. Complementary methods include ultrasound, thermography and laparoscopy, which are important to identify changes in intra-abdominal umbilical structures. Accurate diagnosis of the involved structures was only possible in animals surgically, as well as alterations in organs such as the liver and bladder. There is great variability related to the umbilical structures involved, according to initial care, breeds, seasonality or even the method of conception. Unlike what is observed in the literature, in the present study, there was a higher prevalence of omphalophlebitis, demonstrating variability in relation to the umbilical structures involved. Sepsis, observed in 16.7% of cases, results from bacterial ascension of the umbilical structures. Lameness due to polyarthritis was found in 10% of animals. Meningoencephalitis was observed in 3.3%. Hepatic and retroperitoneal abscedation were observed in 6.7% and 3.3% of cases, respectively. Conservative treatment with antibiotics and local antiseptics has a limited effect on this type of condition, which was proven in the present study, since the survival rate was statistically higher in animals surgically treated.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Umbigo/patologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Hérnia Umbilical/cirurgia , Hérnia Umbilical/tratamento farmacológico , Hérnia Umbilical/veterinária , Bovinos
2.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 49: Pub.1785-2021. ilus
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1458424

Resumo

Background: Otohematoma is common in dogs and is characterized by blood accumulation between the skin and cartilageof the outer ear. While the etiology is related to trauma, most cases have a predisposing condition. Treatment must drainthe hematoma and maintain appropriate skin apposition to the ear cartilage. Treatment can be surgical, but there are alsoconservative options such as puncture drainage, followed by intralesional injection of glucocorticoids. This alternativemethod is less invasive than surgery, with an equivalent success rate. This study aimed to describe intralesional injectionof corticosteroids for the treatment of dogs with otohematoma at a veterinary clinic.Materials, Methods & Results: Otohematoma was diagnosed and treated in 23 dogs (14 males and 9 females, weighing9.6 ± 2.7 kg) at a reference private veterinary clinic. The dogs were chemically restrained, and their ears were cleanedwith chlorhexidine. The lower face of each ear with otohematoma was then punctured with a needle coupled to a syringeto drain the liquid. Following drainage, the equipment was removed and the collected liquid volume was measured. A0.5 mg/kg dose of methylprednisolone acetate was prepared and diluted in saline (0.9% NaCl) to a volume equivalent to1/10 of the previously drained content volume from the otohematoma. The prepared solution was then injected into thedrained ear. Additionally, each patient was treated for the original cause of the otohematoma, according to conventionalprotocols. Eight animals (34.78%) had bilateral otohematoma and 15 (65.22%) presented with unilateral lesions. Leukocytosis was observed in most patients. Other laboratory alterations present in the studied dogs were thrombocytopenia,leukopenia, and anemia. Twenty (86.96%) patients presented with otitis externa. All patients were reassessed one weekafter the initial treatment, and 19 (82.60%) fully recovered. The remaining...


Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cães/lesões , Drenagem/veterinária , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Hematoma/veterinária , Ehrlichiose/veterinária , Escabiose/veterinária , Leucocitose/veterinária , Otite/veterinária
3.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 49: Pub. 1785, 3 fev. 2021. ilus
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-29996

Resumo

Background: Otohematoma is common in dogs and is characterized by blood accumulation between the skin and cartilageof the outer ear. While the etiology is related to trauma, most cases have a predisposing condition. Treatment must drainthe hematoma and maintain appropriate skin apposition to the ear cartilage. Treatment can be surgical, but there are alsoconservative options such as puncture drainage, followed by intralesional injection of glucocorticoids. This alternativemethod is less invasive than surgery, with an equivalent success rate. This study aimed to describe intralesional injectionof corticosteroids for the treatment of dogs with otohematoma at a veterinary clinic.Materials, Methods & Results: Otohematoma was diagnosed and treated in 23 dogs (14 males and 9 females, weighing9.6 ± 2.7 kg) at a reference private veterinary clinic. The dogs were chemically restrained, and their ears were cleanedwith chlorhexidine. The lower face of each ear with otohematoma was then punctured with a needle coupled to a syringeto drain the liquid. Following drainage, the equipment was removed and the collected liquid volume was measured. A0.5 mg/kg dose of methylprednisolone acetate was prepared and diluted in saline (0.9% NaCl) to a volume equivalent to1/10 of the previously drained content volume from the otohematoma. The prepared solution was then injected into thedrained ear. Additionally, each patient was treated for the original cause of the otohematoma, according to conventionalprotocols. Eight animals (34.78%) had bilateral otohematoma and 15 (65.22%) presented with unilateral lesions. Leukocytosis was observed in most patients. Other laboratory alterations present in the studied dogs were thrombocytopenia,leukopenia, and anemia. Twenty (86.96%) patients presented with otitis externa. All patients were reassessed one weekafter the initial treatment, and 19 (82.60%) fully recovered. The remaining...(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cães/lesões , Hematoma/veterinária , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Drenagem/veterinária , Ehrlichiose/veterinária , Leucocitose/veterinária , Escabiose/veterinária , Otite/veterinária
4.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 48(suppl.1): Pub. 573, Nov. 30, 2020. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-31278

Resumo

Background: Cranioschisis is a malformation that occurs during embryological development and results in incomplete closure of the skull, leaving an opening through which the intracranial tissue can project. Meningocele consists of herniation of the meninges containing cerebrospinal fluid through the cranial defect. In cattle, this association usually manifested by the appearance of a floating saccular protrusion of variable size and volume in the frontal or parietal region of the cranium. This manuscript aims to report a case of cranioschisis associated with meningocele and neurological deficit in a newborn calf in the northwestern region of the state of Paraná. Case: A 2-day-old crossbred female calf was diagnosed with cranioschisis associated with meningocele in the frontal region of the head. On initial clinical examination, an ovoid mass with floating appearance was observed, extending from the supraorbital curvature of the frontal bone to the end of the nasal bones following the midline. The patient had normal parameters for the species and age and a positive sucking reflex. Neurological examination showed permanent lateral decubitus position, spastic paresis of the thoracic limbs and opisthotonus. Complementary imaging studies, including xrays and ultrasonography, showed a failure in the frontal bone, approximately 5 cm in diameter. Despite the unfavorable prognosis, surgical reduction was chosen. After drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid, excision of the meningeal sac was continuously performed, exposing the subarachnoid space, showing circular failure in the frontal bone with a diameter of 4.5 cm, making it possible to observe part of the right frontal lobe. We opted for occlusion of the bone defect by covering it with the dura mater. Absorbable 0 catgut suture was applied in a simple...(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Bovinos , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/patologia , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/veterinária , Meningocele/veterinária , Encefalocele/veterinária , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/veterinária
5.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 48(suppl.1): Pub.573-4 jan. 2020. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1458400

Resumo

Background: Cranioschisis is a malformation that occurs during embryological development and results in incomplete closure of the skull, leaving an opening through which the intracranial tissue can project. Meningocele consists of herniation of the meninges containing cerebrospinal fluid through the cranial defect. In cattle, this association usually manifested by the appearance of a floating saccular protrusion of variable size and volume in the frontal or parietal region of the cranium. This manuscript aims to report a case of cranioschisis associated with meningocele and neurological deficit in a newborn calf in the northwestern region of the state of Paraná. Case: A 2-day-old crossbred female calf was diagnosed with cranioschisis associated with meningocele in the frontal region of the head. On initial clinical examination, an ovoid mass with floating appearance was observed, extending from the supraorbital curvature of the frontal bone to the end of the nasal bones following the midline. The patient had normal parameters for the species and age and a positive sucking reflex. Neurological examination showed permanent lateral decubitus position, spastic paresis of the thoracic limbs and opisthotonus. Complementary imaging studies, including xrays and ultrasonography, showed a failure in the frontal bone, approximately 5 cm in diameter. Despite the unfavorable prognosis, surgical reduction was chosen. After drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid, excision of the meningeal sac was continuously performed, exposing the subarachnoid space, showing circular failure in the frontal bone with a diameter of 4.5 cm, making it possible to observe part of the right frontal lobe. We opted for occlusion of the bone defect by covering it with the dura mater. Absorbable 0 catgut suture was applied in a simple...


Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Recém-Nascido , Bovinos , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/patologia , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/veterinária , Encefalocele/veterinária , Meningocele/veterinária , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/veterinária
6.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 46(supl): 1-7, 2018. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1457921

Resumo

Background: Cutaneous wounds in locomotor limbs represent one of the most frequent disorders in equine medicine. Wounds in equines are distinguished from those in other species by unique characteristics, including different healing rates among breeds, wound location and high propensity to formation of exuberant granulation tissue during the healing process. The wound healing process that cannot be sutured can be accelerated by the use of skin grafts, lowering the treatment cost. The objective of this report was to divulgate the success upon treatment of an extensive lacerated wound in the metatarsal region of a horse using autologous skin grafts.Case: A 3-year-old, female, American quarter horse weighting 450 kg was brought to veterinary hospital with lower limb injury. According to the owner’s report, the animal had one of its limbs stuck in a plain wire fence. A wound was observed in the metatarsal region during physical examination, the lesion caused an extensive skin laceration that showed the dorsal surface of the metatarsal bone and the digital extensor tendon. After injury assessment, wound debridement was carried out by surgery intervention followed by antisepsis and application of autologous plasma every two days as post-surgical care and wound preparation to receive the graft. Forty-five days after the first intervention, grafts were collected from the neck and implanted in the wound. The procedure achieved 70% of success. After approximately 75 days, transplantation was performed in other regions of the wound using the same technique. The duration of treatment at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR) was eight months, and then the animal returned home, where dressings were applied for two months to avoid the risk of contamination and until complete recovery.Discussion: The debridement of the wound and edges approximation were of great value in order to begin the process of wound granulation.[...]


Assuntos
Animais , Cavalos/cirurgia , Cavalos/lesões , Ferimentos e Lesões/veterinária , Metatarso/lesões , Pele/lesões , Transplante de Pele/veterinária , Técnicas de Fechamento de Ferimentos/veterinária
7.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 46(supl): 1-7, 2018. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-726508

Resumo

Background: Cutaneous wounds in locomotor limbs represent one of the most frequent disorders in equine medicine. Wounds in equines are distinguished from those in other species by unique characteristics, including different healing rates among breeds, wound location and high propensity to formation of exuberant granulation tissue during the healing process. The wound healing process that cannot be sutured can be accelerated by the use of skin grafts, lowering the treatment cost. The objective of this report was to divulgate the success upon treatment of an extensive lacerated wound in the metatarsal region of a horse using autologous skin grafts.Case: A 3-year-old, female, American quarter horse weighting 450 kg was brought to veterinary hospital with lower limb injury. According to the owners report, the animal had one of its limbs stuck in a plain wire fence. A wound was observed in the metatarsal region during physical examination, the lesion caused an extensive skin laceration that showed the dorsal surface of the metatarsal bone and the digital extensor tendon. After injury assessment, wound debridement was carried out by surgery intervention followed by antisepsis and application of autologous plasma every two days as post-surgical care and wound preparation to receive the graft. Forty-five days after the first intervention, grafts were collected from the neck and implanted in the wound. The procedure achieved 70% of success. After approximately 75 days, transplantation was performed in other regions of the wound using the same technique. The duration of treatment at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR) was eight months, and then the animal returned home, where dressings were applied for two months to avoid the risk of contamination and until complete recovery.Discussion: The debridement of the wound and edges approximation were of great value in order to begin the process of wound granulation.[...](AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Cavalos/lesões , Cavalos/cirurgia , Transplante de Pele/veterinária , Ferimentos e Lesões/veterinária , Metatarso/lesões , Pele/lesões , Técnicas de Fechamento de Ferimentos/veterinária
8.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 46: 1-8, 2018. ilus, graf
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1457873

Resumo

Background: In order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with anesthetic procedures in cats, it is important to carry out a thorough pre-anesthetic evaluation. The surgical risk depends on several factors related to the patient, the surgical procedure, and the anesthetic used. Evaluation of perioperative mortality and the identification of the main factors of death reduce mortality rates. This research was conducted to evaluate and obtain the classification of physical status and anesthetic risk in cats submitted for surgical procedures.Materials, Methods & Results: Ninety-two cats were classified into anesthetic categories according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification. The group consisted of 62 females (67.39%) and 30 males (32.61%). In the ASA classification, the emergency qualifier was added, resulting in 52.17% (48/92) of the total number of surgeries being considered as emergencies. The ASA I patients constituted the majority of the study sample (33.69%, 31/92). There were no deaths among ASA I patients. The ASA II patients represented 20.65% (19/92), with surgeries divided into non-emergency (42.10%, 8/19) and emergency (57.89%, 11/19). All ASA II patients had mild localized infections, and there were no deaths. ASA III patients constituted 28.26% (26/92) of the study sample and had moderate systemic alterations. Surgeries in this group were also classified as emergency (24/26, 92.30%) or non-emergency (2/26, 7.69%). There was one postoperative death in this group. The ASA IV patients represented 17.39% (16/92) of the study sample. The emergency surgeries (81.25%, 13/16) had a greater percentage than the elective surgeries. In this group, two deaths occurring in the immediate postoperative period. The overall mortality for the entire study sample was 3.26% (3/92).[...]


Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Anestesia Geral/mortalidade , Anestesia Geral/veterinária , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/veterinária , Anestesiologia/normas
9.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 46: 1-8, 2018. ilus, graf
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-19158

Resumo

Background: In order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with anesthetic procedures in cats, it is important to carry out a thorough pre-anesthetic evaluation. The surgical risk depends on several factors related to the patient, the surgical procedure, and the anesthetic used. Evaluation of perioperative mortality and the identification of the main factors of death reduce mortality rates. This research was conducted to evaluate and obtain the classification of physical status and anesthetic risk in cats submitted for surgical procedures.Materials, Methods & Results: Ninety-two cats were classified into anesthetic categories according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification. The group consisted of 62 females (67.39%) and 30 males (32.61%). In the ASA classification, the emergency qualifier was added, resulting in 52.17% (48/92) of the total number of surgeries being considered as emergencies. The ASA I patients constituted the majority of the study sample (33.69%, 31/92). There were no deaths among ASA I patients. The ASA II patients represented 20.65% (19/92), with surgeries divided into non-emergency (42.10%, 8/19) and emergency (57.89%, 11/19). All ASA II patients had mild localized infections, and there were no deaths. ASA III patients constituted 28.26% (26/92) of the study sample and had moderate systemic alterations. Surgeries in this group were also classified as emergency (24/26, 92.30%) or non-emergency (2/26, 7.69%). There was one postoperative death in this group. The ASA IV patients represented 17.39% (16/92) of the study sample. The emergency surgeries (81.25%, 13/16) had a greater percentage than the elective surgeries. In this group, two deaths occurring in the immediate postoperative period. The overall mortality for the entire study sample was 3.26% (3/92).[...](AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Anestesia Geral/mortalidade , Anestesia Geral/veterinária , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/veterinária , Anestesiologia/normas
10.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 19(1): 23-27, jan.-mar. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-691049

Resumo

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um protocolo de contenção farmacológica para orquiectomia eletiva realizada em campo pela técnica aberta, na Região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná, em 106 cavalos (sendo cinco pôneis) e 29 muares, utilizando abraçadeira de náilon 6.6 (poliamida) para ligaduras vasculares hemostáticas. Os 135 equídeos foram contidos por meio de injeção intravenosa da associação de cloridrato de detomidina, cloridrato de cetamina e diazepam, acondicionados em uma mesma seringa, o que facilita o manejo, especialmente quando se trabalha com animais inquietos ou agressivos. O método empregado teve fácil execução e baixo custo, e os resultados permitem sugerir seu uso em orquiectomias e outras pequenas cirurgias de campo em equídeos domésticos.(AU)


This paper reports the results of an anesthetic protocol used for elective field orchiectomy performed by open technique, in the northwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil, in 106 equids (being five ponies) and 29 mules, using 6.6 nylon (polyamide) cable ties for hemostatic vascular ligature. The 135 equids were chemically restrained by intravenous injection of a combination of detomidine HCl, ketamine HCl and diazepam, mixed in the same syringe, in order to facilitate handling, especially when working with restless or aggressive animals. The method was considered low-cost and easy to perform, and the results allows to suggest its use in orchiectomies and other minor field surgeries in domestic equids.(AU)


Este artículo presenta los resultados de un protocolo de contención farmacológica para castración electiva realizada en campo por técnica abierta, en la Región Noroeste del Estado de Paraná, en 106 caballos (incluyendo cinco ponis) y 29 mulares, utilizando abrazaderas de nylon 6,6 (poliamida) para las ligaduras hemostáticas vasculares. Los 135 équidos fueron anestesiados mediante inyección intravenosa de la asociación de clorhidrato de ketamina, clorhidrato de detomidina y diazepam, mesclados en una misma jeringa, lo que facilita la manipulación, especialmente cuando se trabaja con animales inquietos o agresivos. El método empleado ha sido fácil de realizar y de bajo costo, los resultados sugieren su uso en la castración y otras pequeñas cirugías de campo en équidos domésticos.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Cavalos/cirurgia , Orquiectomia , Ketamina , Receptores de GABA-A , Anestesia
11.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 19(1): 29-33, jan.-mar. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-691048

Resumo

Este artigo apresenta e discute os resultados de um estudo sobre a orquiectomia eletiva realizada em campo pela técnica aberta, na Região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná, em 880 bovinos, utilizando abraçadeira de náilon 6.6 (poliamida) para ligaduras vasculares hemostáticas. Os animais responderam bem a cirurgia realizada sob contenção física em tronco de contenção, com anestesia local intratesticular, sem quaisquer problemas operatórios. A única complicação observada foi a ocorrência de miíases em 25 animais (3,09%). O método empregado teve fácil execução e baixo custo, sendo plenamente efetivo na substituição do fio de náilon cirúrgico para promover hemostasia preventiva, com redução do tempo cirúrgico. Os resultados permitem sugerir o uso de abraçadeiras de náilon 6.6 (poliamida) para as ligaduras vasculares emorquiectomias realizadas em campo nos bovinos, como método seguro e eficiente, capaz de reduzir o tempo de procedimento cirúrgico.(AU)


This paper reports the results of a study about elective field orchiectomy performed by open technique, in the northwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil, in 880 bulls, using 6.6 nylon (polyamide) cable ties for hemostatic vascular ligature. The cattle responded well to surgery performed under physical restraint and intra-testicular local anesthesia, without any surgical intercurrence. The only complication was the occurrence of myiases in 25 animals (3.09%). The method was inexpensive and easy to perform, being fully effective in replacing nylon sutures to promote preventive surgical hemostasis, and significantly reducing surgical time. These results indicate the use of 6.6 nylon (polyamide) cable ties for hemostatic vascular ligatures in field orchiectomyin bovine cattle, as a safe and efficient method, capable to reduce surgical time.(AU)


Este artículo presenta y discute los resultados de un estudio sobre la castración electiva realizada en campo por la técnica abierta, en la Región Noroeste del Estado de Paraná, en 880 bovinos, empleando abrazadera de nylon 6.6 (poliamida) para ligaduras vasculares . Los animales respondieron bien a la cirugía realizada bajo sujeción física y anestesia local intratesticular, sin cualquier problema quirúrgico. La única complicación observada fue la aparición de miíasis en 25 animales (3,09%). El método empleado ha sido de fácil ejecución y bajo costo, siendo plenamente eficaz en la sustitución del hilo de nylon quirúrgico para promover la hemostasia preventiva, con reducción del tiempo quirúrgico. Los resultados sugieren el empleo de abrazaderas de nylon 6.6 (poliamida) para ligaduras vasculares en castraciones de bovinos realizadas en campo, como método seguro y eficiente, capaz de reducir el tiempo del procedimiento quirúrgico.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Ligadura/veterinária , Bovinos/cirurgia , Nylons
12.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 19(1): 23-27, jan.-mar. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-833774

Resumo

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um protocolo de contenção farmacológica para orquiectomia eletiva realizada em campo pela técnica aberta, na Região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná, em 106 cavalos (sendo cinco pôneis) e 29 muares, utilizando abraçadeira de náilon 6.6 (poliamida) para ligaduras vasculares hemostáticas. Os 135 equídeos foram contidos por meio de injeção intravenosa da associação de cloridrato de detomidina, cloridrato de cetamina e diazepam, acondicionados em uma mesma seringa, o que facilita o manejo, especialmente quando se trabalha com animais inquietos ou agressivos. O método empregado teve fácil execução e baixo custo, e os resultados permitem sugerir seu uso em orquiectomias e outras pequenas cirurgias de campo em equídeos domésticos.(AU)


This paper reports the results of an anesthetic protocol used for elective field orchiectomy performed by open technique, in the northwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil, in 106 equids (being five ponies) and 29 mules, using 6.6 nylon (polyamide) cable ties for hemostatic vascular ligature. The 135 equids were chemically restrained by intravenous injection of a combination of detomidine HCl, ketamine HCl and diazepam, mixed in the same syringe, in order to facilitate handling, especially when working with restless or aggressive animals. The method was considered low-cost and easy to perform, and the results allows to suggest its use in orchiectomies and other minor field surgeries in domestic equids.(AU)


Este artículo presenta los resultados de un protocolo de contención farmacológica para castración electiva realizada en campo por técnica abierta, en la Región Noroeste del Estado de Paraná, en 106 caballos (incluyendo cinco ponis) y 29 mulares, utilizando abrazaderas de nylon 6,6 (poliamida) para las ligaduras hemostáticas vasculares. Los 135 équidos fueron anestesiados mediante inyección intravenosa de la asociación de clorhidrato de ketamina, clorhidrato de detomidina y diazepam, mesclados en una misma jeringa, lo que facilita la manipulación, especialmente cuando se trabaja con animales inquietos o agresivos. El método empleado ha sido fácil de realizar y de bajo costo, los resultados sugieren su uso en la castración y otras pequeñas cirugías de campo en équidos domésticos.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Cavalos/cirurgia , Orquiectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Anestesia , Ketamina , Receptores de GABA-A
13.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 19(1): 29-33, jan.-mar. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-833781

Resumo

Este artigo apresenta e discute os resultados de um estudo sobre a orquiectomia eletiva realizada em campo pela técnica aberta, na Região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná, em 880 bovinos, utilizando abraçadeira de náilon 6.6 (poliamida) para ligaduras vasculares hemostáticas. Os animais responderam bem a cirurgia realizada sob contenção física em tronco de contenção, com anestesia local intratesticular, sem quaisquer problemas operatórios. A única complicação observada foi a ocorrência de miíases em 25 animais (3,09%). O método empregado teve fácil execução e baixo custo, sendo plenamente efetivo na substituição do fio de náilon cirúrgico para promover hemostasia preventiva, com redução do tempo cirúrgico. Os resultados permitem sugerir o uso de abraçadeiras de náilon 6.6 (poliamida) para as ligaduras vasculares emorquiectomias realizadas em campo nos bovinos, como método seguro e eficiente, capaz de reduzir o tempo de procedimento cirúrgico.(AU)


This paper reports the results of a study about elective field orchiectomy performed by open technique, in the northwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil, in 880 bulls, using 6.6 nylon (polyamide) cable ties for hemostatic vascular ligature. The cattle responded well to surgery performed under physical restraint and intra-testicular local anesthesia, without any surgical intercurrence. The only complication was the occurrence of myiases in 25 animals (3.09%). The method was inexpensive and easy to perform, being fully effective in replacing nylon sutures to promote preventive surgical hemostasis, and significantly reducing surgical time. These results indicate the use of 6.6 nylon (polyamide) cable ties for hemostatic vascular ligatures in field orchiectomyin bovine cattle, as a safe and efficient method, capable to reduce surgical time.(AU)


Este artículo presenta y discute los resultados de un estudio sobre la castración electiva realizada en campo por la técnica abierta, en la Región Noroeste del Estado de Paraná, en 880 bovinos, empleando abrazadera de nylon 6.6 (poliamida) para ligaduras vasculares . Los animales respondieron bien a la cirugía realizada bajo sujeción física y anestesia local intratesticular, sin cualquier problema quirúrgico. La única complicación observada fue la aparición de miíasis en 25 animales (3,09%). El método empleado ha sido de fácil ejecución y bajo costo, siendo plenamente eficaz en la sustitución del hilo de nylon quirúrgico para promover la hemostasia preventiva, con reducción del tiempo quirúrgico. Los resultados sugieren el empleo de abrazaderas de nylon 6.6 (poliamida) para ligaduras vasculares en castraciones de bovinos realizadas en campo, como método seguro y eficiente, capaz de reducir el tiempo del procedimiento quirúrgico.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Bovinos/cirurgia , Ligadura/veterinária , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Nylons
14.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 43(supl): 1-6, June 3, 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-14847

Resumo

Background: Several techniques have been used for the treatment of fractures in large animals, once these animals are frequently subject to trauma that interrupts bone continuity, especially in long bones. The choice for the technique depends on the configuration of the fracture, damage to the adjacent tissue, and presence or absence of bone exposure. The success of the modified Thomas splint, associated to synthetic casting has been reported in several studies. However, there still are restrictions to the use of this technique. Thus, the objective of the present study is to report the use of immobilization by the modified Thomas splint, coupled with synthetic casting, for the treatment of fractures in long bones of bovine and equine animals.Cases: The five animals were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Paranaense, being four bovines and one equine, all presenting fractures in long bones, resulting from accidental trauma. The equine, weighting 300 kg, presented fracture in the third metacarpal bone, previously submitted to immobilization through external fixation type II. Three bovines, weighting 50, 200, and 500 kg, presented fractures in the metacarpals, with the smallest presenting exposed fracture, another bovine, weighting 300 kg, presented fractures in the radius and ulna. The animals were examined and submitted to sedation and anesthesia for manual...(AU)


As fraturas de ossos longos ocorrem com relativa frequência em animais de grande porte [9] acarretando significativas perdas econômicas para a pecuária nacional [10], já que os elevados custos implicados no tratamento refletem na opção pela eutanásia [9]. No entanto, animais de alto valor econômico, estimulam o investimento em pesquisas e a utilização de efetivas técnicas para a correção de fraturas [10]. Nos últimos anos várias técnicas têm sido utilizadas no tratamento de fraturas em animais de grande porte, no entanto, ainda persiste a falta de dispositivos de fixação adequados e desenvolvidos especificamente para esses animais [3]. Relata-se o uso de gesso até o carpo/tarso ou por toda a extensão do membro [1], aparelho modificado de Thomas associado ou não à tala de gesso [6], utilização de parafusos, pinos intramedulares e placas ortopédicas [7], haste intramedular bloqueada [11] e fixação externa [4]. O sucesso do uso da muleta de Thomas modificada, associada ao gesso, tem sido relatado por diversos autores e, muitas vezes, é a opção de escolha em comparação com técnicas de fixação interna. Com base nisto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar cinco casos das espécies bovina e equina que apresentavam fratura decorrente de trauma, corrigidas com a utilização de muleta de Thomas modificada e gesso sintético, enfatizando a empregabilidade da técnica...(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Restrição Física/veterinária , Fraturas Ósseas/veterinária , Fraturas Ósseas/reabilitação , Contenções/veterinária , Cavalos
15.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 43(supl): 1-6, Aug. 14, 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1457399

Resumo

Background: Several techniques have been used for the treatment of fractures in large animals, once these animals are frequently subject to trauma that interrupts bone continuity, especially in long bones. The choice for the technique depends on the configuration of the fracture, damage to the adjacent tissue, and presence or absence of bone exposure. The success of the modified Thomas splint, associated to synthetic casting has been reported in several studies. However, there still are restrictions to the use of this technique. Thus, the objective of the present study is to report the use of immobilization by the modified Thomas splint, coupled with synthetic casting, for the treatment of fractures in long bones of bovine and equine animals.Cases: The five animals were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Paranaense, being four bovines and one equine, all presenting fractures in long bones, resulting from accidental trauma. The equine, weighting 300 kg, presented fracture in the third metacarpal bone, previously submitted to immobilization through external fixation type II. Three bovines, weighting 50, 200, and 500 kg, presented fractures in the metacarpals, with the smallest presenting exposed fracture, another bovine, weighting 300 kg, presented fractures in the radius and ulna. The animals were examined and submitted to sedation and anesthesia for manual...


As fraturas de ossos longos ocorrem com relativa frequência em animais de grande porte [9] acarretando significativas perdas econômicas para a pecuária nacional [10], já que os elevados custos implicados no tratamento refletem na opção pela eutanásia [9]. No entanto, animais de alto valor econômico, estimulam o investimento em pesquisas e a utilização de efetivas técnicas para a correção de fraturas [10]. Nos últimos anos várias técnicas têm sido utilizadas no tratamento de fraturas em animais de grande porte, no entanto, ainda persiste a falta de dispositivos de fixação adequados e desenvolvidos especificamente para esses animais [3]. Relata-se o uso de gesso até o carpo/tarso ou por toda a extensão do membro [1], aparelho modificado de Thomas associado ou não à tala de gesso [6], utilização de parafusos, pinos intramedulares e placas ortopédicas [7], haste intramedular bloqueada [11] e fixação externa [4]. O sucesso do uso da muleta de Thomas modificada, associada ao gesso, tem sido relatado por diversos autores e, muitas vezes, é a opção de escolha em comparação com técnicas de fixação interna. Com base nisto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar cinco casos das espécies bovina e equina que apresentavam fratura decorrente de trauma, corrigidas com a utilização de muleta de Thomas modificada e gesso sintético, enfatizando a empregabilidade da técnica...


Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Cavalos , Contenções/veterinária , Fraturas Ósseas/reabilitação , Fraturas Ósseas/veterinária , Restrição Física/veterinária
16.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 18(1): 11-26, jan.-mar. 2015. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1462624

Resumo

A cutia (Dasyprocta azarae) é um roedor neotropical que necessita ser contido por meios farmacológicos para a realização de certos procedimentos médicos e de manejo, em função de características comportamentais de defesa e grande susceptibilidade ao estresse. A combinação de cloridrato de cetamina, cloridrato de xilazina e sulfato de atropina foi administrada, por via intramuscular, a 53 cutias (33 machos e 20 fêmeas) com pesos entre 0,74 e 3,58 kg (2,071±0,678 kg), para possibilitar a realização de procedimentos de campo que incluíam determinação de sexo, biometria, marcação, exame físico e colheita de sangue e urina. Após a pesagem de cada cutia, a dose individual de cada um dos fármacos foi calculada por meio de extrapolação alométrica interespecífica, usando-se como modelo as doses usualmente recomendadas para um cão doméstico de 10 kg (cetamina ? 20,00mg/kg, xilazina ? 2,00mg/kg e atropina ? 0,05mg/kg). Em todos os animais a indução do estado de contenção foi rápida, sendo a reação postural de endireitamento abolida entre 0,5 e 5,0 minutos (2,02±1,21 minutos) após a injeção. A temperatura retal variou de 28,9 a 40,9ºC (36,38±2,04ºC), a frequência cardíaca variou de 72 a 240 b.p.m. (150,93±31,48 b.p.m.) e a frequência respiratória variou de 20 a 192 m.p.m. (80,63±29,09 m.p.m.).


The agouti (Dasyprocta azarae) is a neotropical rodent that requires chemical restraint for handling due to its susceptibility to stress and defensive behavior characteristics. Fifty-three agoutis (33 males and 20 females) weighing 0.74 to 3.58 kg (2.071±0.678 kg) were given ketamine hydrochloride, xylazine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate combined by i.m. injection during procedures that included sexing, measuring, marking, physical examinations and collecting blood and urine. All drug doses were calculated using the respective doses of a 10-kg dog as model. These doses are 20.00 mg/kg for ketamine, 2.00mg/kg for xylazine and 0.05mg/kg for atropine. In all individuals, immobilization was rapid and uneventful. Righting reflexes were abolished after 0.50 to 5.00 min (2.02±1.21 min). Body temperature fluctuated between 28.9 and 40.9ºC (36.38±2.04ºC), heart rates remained between 72 and 240 beats/min (150.93±31.48); and respiratory rates ranged between 20 and 192 breaths/min (80.63±29.09). Restraint quality was evaluated by measuring muscle relaxation at 10, 15, 25 and 35 min after injection. Chemical restraint was excellent in about 90.00% and good in about 5.00% of the cases.


El agutí (Dasyprocta azarae) es un roedor neo tropical que necesita ser sujetado por medios farmacológicos para ciertos procedimientos médicos y de manejo, debido a características comportamentales de defensa y gran susceptibilidad a el estrés. La combinación de clorhidrato de ketamina, clorhidrato de xilacina y sulfato de atropina fue administrada por vía intramuscular a 53 agutíes (33 machos e 20 hembras) con pesos entre 0,74 e 3,58 kg (2,071±0,678 kg), para posibilitar la realización de procedimientos de campo que incluyan determinación de sexo, biometría, marcación, examen físico y colecta de sangre y orina. Cada animal fue pesado y la dosis individual de cada uno de los fármacos fue calculada por extrapolación alométrica interespecífica, usándose como modelo las dosis usualmente recomendadas para un perro doméstico de 10 kg (ketamina ? 20,00mg/kg, xilacina ? 2,00mg/kg y atropina ? 0,05mg/kg). En todos los animales la inducción del estado de sujeción fue rápida, y la reacción postural de enderechamiento fue abolida entre 0,5 e 5,0 minutos (2,02±1,21 minutos) después de la inyección. La temperatura rectal varió de 28,9 a 40,9ºC (36,38±2,04ºC), la frecuencia cardíaca varió de 72 a 240 b.p.m. (150,93±31,48 b.p.m.) y la frecuencia respiratoria varió de 20 a 192 m.p.m. (80,63±29,09 m.p.m.).


Assuntos
Animais , Atropina/administração & dosagem , Dasyproctidae/metabolismo , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Xilazina/administração & dosagem , Animais Selvagens
17.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 18(1): 11-26, jan-mar. 2015. tab
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-308364

Resumo

A cutia (Dasyprocta azarae) é um roedor neotropical que necessita ser contido por meios farmacológicos para a realização de certos procedimentos médicos e de manejo, em função de características comportamentais de defesa e grande susceptibilidade ao estresse. A combinação de cloridrato de cetamina, cloridrato de xilazina e sulfato de atropina foi administrada, por via intramuscular, a 53 cutias (33 machos e 20 fêmeas) com pesos entre 0,74 e 3,58 kg (2,071±0,678 kg), para possibilitar a realização de procedimentos de campo que incluíam determinação de sexo, biometria, marcação, exame físico e colheita de sangue e urina. Após a pesagem de cada cutia, a dose individual de cada um dos fármacos foi calculada por meio de extrapolação alométrica interespecífica, usando-se como modelo as doses usualmente recomendadas para um cão doméstico de 10 kg (cetamina ? 20,00mg/kg, xilazina ? 2,00mg/kg e atropina ? 0,05mg/kg). Em todos os animais a indução do estado de contenção foi rápida, sendo a reação postural de endireitamento abolida entre 0,5 e 5,0 minutos (2,02±1,21 minutos) após a injeção. A temperatura retal variou de 28,9 a 40,9ºC (36,38±2,04ºC), a frequência cardíaca variou de 72 a 240 b.p.m. (150,93±31,48 b.p.m.) e a frequência respiratória variou de 20 a 192 m.p.m. (80,63±29,09 m.p.m.).(AU)


The agouti (Dasyprocta azarae) is a neotropical rodent that requires chemical restraint for handling due to its susceptibility to stress and defensive behavior characteristics. Fifty-three agoutis (33 males and 20 females) weighing 0.74 to 3.58 kg (2.071±0.678 kg) were given ketamine hydrochloride, xylazine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate combined by i.m. injection during procedures that included sexing, measuring, marking, physical examinations and collecting blood and urine. All drug doses were calculated using the respective doses of a 10-kg dog as model. These doses are 20.00 mg/kg for ketamine, 2.00mg/kg for xylazine and 0.05mg/kg for atropine. In all individuals, immobilization was rapid and uneventful. Righting reflexes were abolished after 0.50 to 5.00 min (2.02±1.21 min). Body temperature fluctuated between 28.9 and 40.9ºC (36.38±2.04ºC), heart rates remained between 72 and 240 beats/min (150.93±31.48); and respiratory rates ranged between 20 and 192 breaths/min (80.63±29.09). Restraint quality was evaluated by measuring muscle relaxation at 10, 15, 25 and 35 min after injection. Chemical restraint was excellent in about 90.00% and good in about 5.00% of the cases.(AU)


El agutí (Dasyprocta azarae) es un roedor neo tropical que necesita ser sujetado por medios farmacológicos para ciertos procedimientos médicos y de manejo, debido a características comportamentales de defensa y gran susceptibilidad a el estrés. La combinación de clorhidrato de ketamina, clorhidrato de xilacina y sulfato de atropina fue administrada por vía intramuscular a 53 agutíes (33 machos e 20 hembras) con pesos entre 0,74 e 3,58 kg (2,071±0,678 kg), para posibilitar la realización de procedimientos de campo que incluyan determinación de sexo, biometría, marcación, examen físico y colecta de sangre y orina. Cada animal fue pesado y la dosis individual de cada uno de los fármacos fue calculada por extrapolación alométrica interespecífica, usándose como modelo las dosis usualmente recomendadas para un perro doméstico de 10 kg (ketamina ? 20,00mg/kg, xilacina ? 2,00mg/kg y atropina ? 0,05mg/kg). En todos los animales la inducción del estado de sujeción fue rápida, y la reacción postural de enderechamiento fue abolida entre 0,5 e 5,0 minutos (2,02±1,21 minutos) después de la inyección. La temperatura rectal varió de 28,9 a 40,9ºC (36,38±2,04ºC), la frecuencia cardíaca varió de 72 a 240 b.p.m. (150,93±31,48 b.p.m.) y la frecuencia respiratoria varió de 20 a 192 m.p.m. (80,63±29,09 m.p.m.). (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Xilazina/administração & dosagem , Atropina/administração & dosagem , Dasyproctidae/metabolismo , Animais Selvagens
18.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 17(2): 81-89, abr. -jun. 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-12574

Resumo

In this study, medetomidine hydrochloride, an alfa2 adrenergic receptor agonist, was administered to five adult guinea pigs (three males and two females) to verify the efficiency and safety of using doses calculated by using an allometric scale. A surgical procedure was performed to insert a polyethylene cannula that advanced 2.0 to 2.5 cm into the left carotid artery until the aorta. A minimum recovery period of two days was observed before any other manipulation or pharmacological test were performed. The cannulas were washed every two days with heparinized saline flow and remained patent for two to three weeks after insertion. After surgery, each animal was placed in an open box measuring 45x25x20cm, in a quiet room with soft lighting. The “MS” group received exactly the allometrically calculated dose, while the “2MS” group received twice the allometric dose and the “½ MS” group received half the allometric dose. Parameters were measured and analyzed at 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after injection. Body mass was 709.6±169g, 742±172.87g and 710±160.2g for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Body temperature was 101.68±0.19ºF; respiratory rate was 85.2±4.54 strokes per minute; heart rate was 297.13±3.46 beats per minute; PaO2 at 81.7±9.43mmHg; PaCO2 at 34.49±1.59mmHg; pH was measured at 7.41±0.07; hematocrit at 38.4±1.31%; total protein was 4.33±0.29g/dL, glucose was measured at 97.13±3.75mg/dL; systolic blood pressure was 85.53±2.50mmHg; diastolic pressure at 7.,40±3.74mmHg; and mean blood pressure was 78.73±1.13mmHg. Straightening postural reaction was lost at 7.20±2.05, 12.80±3.56 and 8.67±3.06 minutes for groups “2MS, MS and ½ MS”, respectively.(AU)


Neste estudo administrou-se cloridrato de medetomidina, um agonista de receptores adrenérgicos alfa2 , a cinco cobaios adultos (três machos e duas fêmeas) para verificar a eficiência e segurança do uso de doses calculadas por meio de extrapolação alométrica. Um procedimento cirúrgico foi realizado para inserir uma cânula de polietileno que avançou 2,0 a 2,5 cm no interior da artéria carótida esquerda, até a aorta. Um período mínimo de recuperação de dois dias foi respeitado antes de qualquer outra manipulação ou teste farmacológico. As cânulas eram lavadas a cada dois dias com fluxo de solução salina heparinizada e permaneceram patentes por duas a três semanas após sua inserção. Após a cirurgia, cada animal foi colocado em uma caixa aberta medindo 45x25x20cm, em uma sala silenciosa com iluminação suave. O grupo “MS” recebeu exatamente a dose alometricamente calculada, enquanto o grupo “2MS” recebeu o dobro da dose alométrica, e o grupo “½ MS” recebeu a metade da dose alométrica. Parâmetros foram mensurados e avaliados aos 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90 e 120 minutos após a injeção. A massa corporal foi 709,6±169g, 742±172,87g e 710±160,2g para os grupos 1, 2 e 3 respectivamente, a temperatura corporal foi 101,68±0,19ºF, a frequência respiratória foi 85,2±4,54 movimentos por minuto, a frequência cardía ca foi 297,13±3,46 batimentos per minute, a PaO2 foi 81,7±9,43mmHg, a PaCO2 foi 34,49±1,59mmHg, o pH foi 7,41±0,07, o hematócrito foi 38,4±1,31%, a proteína total foi 4,33±0,29g/dL, a glucose foi 97,13±3,75mg/dL, a pressão sistólica foi 85,53±2,50mmHg, a pressão diastólica foi 71,40±3,74mmHg, e a pressão sanguínea média foi 78,73±1,13mmHg. (AU)


En esta investigación se ha administrado clorhidrato de medetomidina, un agonista de receptores adrenérgicos alfa2 , a cinco cobayos adultos (tres machos y dos hembras) para verificar la eficacia y seguridad del uso de dosis calculadas por extrapolación alométrica. Se realizó un procedimiento quirúrgico para introducir una cánula de polietileno penetrando 2,0 a 2,5 cm en la arteria carótida izquierda, hasta la aorta. Se ha respetado un período mínimo de recuperación de dos días antes de cualquier otra manipulación o teste farmacológico. Las cánulas eran lavadas a cada dos días con flujo de solución salina heparinizada, y permanecieron patentes por dos a tres semanas después de la inserción. Después de la cirugía, cada animal fue acomodado en una caja abierta con medida de 45x25x20cm, en una sala silenciosa con iluminación suave. El grupo “MS” recibió exactamente la dosis alométricamente calculada, mientras el grupo “2MS” recibió el doble de la dosis alométrica, y el grupo “½ MS” recibió la mitad de la dosis alométrica. Parámetros fueron mensurados y evaluados a los 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90 y 120 minutos después de la inyección. El peso corporal fue 709,6±169g, 742±172,87g y 710±160,2g para los grupos 1, 2 y 3 respectivamente, la temperatura corporal fue 101,68±0,19ºF, la frecuencia respiratoria fue 85,2±4,54 movimientos por minuto, la frecuencia cardíaca fue 297,13±3,46 batimientos por minuto, la PaO2 fue 81,7±9,43mmHg, la PaCO2 fue 34,49±1,59mmHg, el pH fue 7,41±0,07, el hematocrito fue 38,4±1,31%, la proteína total fue 4,33±0,29g/dL, la glucosa fue 97,13±3,75mg/dL, la presión sistólica fue 85,53±2,50mmHg, la presión diastólica fue 71,40±3,74mmHg, y la presión sanguínea promedia fue 78,73±1,13mmHg. La reacción postural de enderezamiento fue perdida en 7.20±2,05, 12,80±3,56 y 8,67±3,06 minutos, para los grupos “2MS, MS y ½ MS”, respectivamente.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Cobaias/anormalidades , Cobaias/imunologia , Medetomidina/efeitos adversos , Medetomidina/análise , Anestesia , Anestesia
19.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 17(1): 11-26, jan. -mar. 2014. tab, graf
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-12595

Resumo

A cutia (Dasyprocta azarae) é um roedor neotropical que necessita ser contido por meios farmacológicos para a realização de certos procedimentos médicos e de manejo, em função de características comportamentais de defesa e grande susceptibilidade ao estresse. A combinação de cloridrato de cetamina, cloridrato de xilazina e sulfato de atropina foi administrada, por via intramuscular, a 53 cutias (33 machos e 20 fêmeas) com pesos entre 0,74 e 3,58 kg (2,071±0,678 kg), para possibilitar a realização de procedimentos de campo que incluíam determinação de sexo, biometria, marcação, exame físico e colheita de sangue e urina. Após a pesagem de cada cutia, a dose individual de cada um dos fármacos foi calculada por meio de extrapolação alométrica interespecífica, usando-se como modelo as doses usualmente recomendadas para um cão doméstico de 10 kg (cetamina 20,00mg/kg, xilazina 2,00mg/kg e atropina 0,05mg/kg). Em todos os animais a indução do estado de contenção foi rápida, sendo a reação postural de endireitamento abolida entre 0,5 e 5,0 minutos (2,02±1,21 minutos) após a injeção. A temperatura retal variou de 28,9 a 40,9ºC (36,38±2,04ºC), a frequência cardíaca variou de 72 a 240 b.p.m. (150,93±31,48 b.p.m.) e a frequência respiratória variou de 20 a 192 m.p.m. (80,63±29,09 m.p.m.). Avaliou-se a qualidade da contenção farmacológica com base no miorrelaxamento observado aos dez, 15, 25 e 35 minutos após a injeção. A contenção farmacológica foi excelente em cerca de 90,00% dos casos, e boa em outros 5,00%. A qualidade da analgesia foi avaliada, principalmente, por meio das rea- ções de nocicepção ao pinçamento de um dígito do membro torácico esquerdo aos dez, 15, 25 e 35 minutos após a injeção, e foi ruim em mais de 50,00% dos casos. (AU)


The agouti (Dasyprocta azarae) is a neotropical rodent that requires chemical restraint for handling due to its susceptibility to stress and defensive behavior characteristics. Fifty-three agoutis (33 males and 20 females) weighing 0.74 to 3.58 kg (2.071±0.678 kg) were given ketamine hydrochloride, xylazine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate combined by i.m. injection during field procedures that included sexing, measuring, marking, physical examinations and collecting blood and urine. All drug doses were calculated using the respective doses of a 10-kg dog as model. These doses are 20.00 mg/ kg for ketamine, 2.00mg/kg for xylazine and 0.05mg/kg for atropine. In all individuals, immobilization was rapid and uneventful. Righting reflexes were abolished after 0.50 to 5.00 min (2.02±1.21 min). Body temperature fluctuated between 28.9 and 40.9ºC (36.38±2.04ºC), heart rates remained between 72 and 240 beats/min (150.93±31.48); and respiratory rates ranged between 20 and 192 breaths/min (80.63±29.09). Restraint quality was evaluated by measuring muscle relaxation at 10, 15, 25 and 35 min after injection. Chemical restraint was excellent in about 90.00% and good in about 5.00% of the cases. Analgesia quality was evaluated mainly by measuring the reactions to painful stimuli such as pinching of a digit in the left thoracic limb at 10, 15, 25 e 35 min after injection, and was poor in more than 50.00% of the cases. Recovery occurred without psychomotor disturbances, and every animal remained calm until normal ambulation resumed between 105 and 277 min (164.94 ±37.14 min). The proposed method was safe for both animals and the human personnel. It is recommended for routine management and stressful but not painful medical procedures like physical examination, measuring, sexing, and urine and blood collection in D. azarae. This article rescues data obtained in an investigation performed back in 1998.(AU)


El agutí (Dasyprocta azarae) es un roedor neo tropical que necesita ser sujetado por medios farmacológicos para ciertos procedimientos médicos y de manejo, debido a características comportamentales de defensa y gran susceptibilidad a el estrés. La combinación de clorhidrato de ketamina, clorhidrato de xilacina y sulfato de atropina fue administrada por vía intramuscular a 53 agutíes (33 machos e 20 hembras) con pesos entre 0,74 e 3,58 kg (2,071±0,678 kg), para posibilitar la realización de procedimientos de campo que incluyan determinación de sexo, biometría, marcación, examen físico y colecta de sangre y orina. Cada animal fue pesado y la dosis individual de cada uno de los fármacos fue calculada por extrapolación alométrica interespecífica, usándose como modelo las dosis usualmente recomendadas para un perro doméstico de 10 kg (ketamina 20,00mg/kg, xilacina 2,00mg/kg y atropina 0,05mg/kg). En todos los animales la inducción del estado de sujeción fue rápida, y la reacción postural de enderechamiento fue abolida entre 0,5 e 5,0 minutos (2,02±1,21 minutos) después de la inyección. La temperatura rectal varió de 28,9 a 40,9ºC (36,38±2,04ºC), la frecuencia cardíaca varió de 72 a 240 b.p.m. (150,93±31,48 b.p.m.) y la frecuencia respiratoria varió de 20 a 192 m.p.m. (80,63±29,09 m.p.m.). Se evaluó la calidad de la sujeción farmacológica, basado en el relajamiento muscular observado a los 10, 15, 25 y 35 minutos después de la inyección. La sujeción farmacológica fue excelente en casi 90,00% de los casos, y buena en otros 5,00%. La calidad de la analgesia fue evaluada principalmente por las reacciones de sensibilidad dolorosa al pinzamiento de un dígito del miembro torácico izquierdo a los 10, 15, 25 e 35 minutos después de la inyección, y fue ruin en más de 50,00% de los casos.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ketamina/análogos & derivados , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Ketamina/farmacologia , Xilazina/administração & dosagem , Xilazina/farmacologia , Atropina/administração & dosagem , Atropina/farmacologia , Dasyproctidae
20.
MEDVEP. Rev. cient. Med. Vet. ; 12(40): 150-158, abr.-jun 2014. tab, ilus
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-10681

Resumo

Relata-se a contenção farmacológica de 30 cães domésticos (Canis familiaris) adultos, sendo 13 machos e 17 fêmeas, com massa corporal entre 2,05 e 41,5 (10,36±9,63) kg, submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos e de urgência. Foi usada a associação de tiletamina, zolazepam, atropina e detomidina, em doses calculadas por meio de extrapolação alométrica interespecífica. Os fármacos foram combinados numa preparação concentrada que foi denominada “ZAD-50” (Zoletil/50®+ Atropina + Dormiun-V®), para a qual se adiciona ao conteúdo desidratado de um frasco de Zoletil/50®, os volumes de 0,25 mL de atropina a 1%, 0,265mL de Dormiun-V® e 2,2mL de água destilada, obtendo-se volume final exato de 3,0 mL de ZAD-50, com os fármacos associados numa concentração que permite a contenção farmacológica de um cão de 10,0 kg com um volume de 0,6 mL, por exemplo. Esse método simplifica o trabalho veterinário em situações de rotina clínica, sendo eficiente para contenção farmacológica e anestesia de cães.AU


This paper reports the chemical restraint of 30 adult domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), being 13 males and 17 females, weighing 2.05 to 41.5 (10,36±9,63) kg, submitted to elective and urgency surgical procedures. There was employed the combination of tiletamine, zolazepam, atropine, and detomidine, in allometrically scaled dosages. The drugs were combined in a concentrate preparation called “ZAD-50” (Zoletil/50® + Atropine + Dormiun-V®), in which the dehydrated content of a Zoletil/50® vial is diluted with 0.25 mL of 1% atropine, 0.265 mL of Dormiun-V®, and 2.2 mL of distilled water, being exactly 3.0 mL the final volume of ZAD, with the drugs associated in a concentration which permits the chemical restraint of a 10.0 kg dog with a 0.6 mL volume, for example. This method simplifies veterinary duties in clinical routine, being efficient for chemical restraint and anesthesia of dogs.AU


Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cães , Tiletamina , Zolazepam/uso terapêutico , Atropina
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