Irrigation management of common bean cultivars with contrasting growth habits

A study was undertaken comparing the water requirements of two common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars to generate specific recommendations aimed at optimizing water use. To accomplish this work, the agronomic performance, responsiveness to water and water productivity of these two common bean cultivars of determinate and indeterminate growth habits were identified. The 2-year experiment was carried out during the winter growing season in the southeast of Brazil. Cultivars IAC Imperador, with an early season of determinate growth habit, and IPR Campos Gerais, having a mid-season of indeterminate growth habit, were subjected to five irrigation levels (54, 70, 77, 100, and 132 % of the crop evapotranspiration). Water deficit affected agronomic performance, reducing plant height (by up to 29 %), leaf area index (by up to 40 %), soil cover fraction (by up to 28 %), and grain yield (GY - by up to 31 %), in both cultivars. In contrast, excess water was more detrimental to cultivar IAC Imperador. Cultivar IPR Campos Gerais produced 18 % more than GY, showing superior water productivity and response to irrigation depth than IAC Imperador. Out of all the variables evaluated, the soil cover fraction correlated the most with grain yield in both common bean cultivars during the 2-year study. In other words, cover fraction evaluation in common bean allows for estimating crop production potential, which helps producers and technicians in their decision making regarding management practices. Thus, a cultivar directly affects water use in common bean production, thereby suggesting the need for a or water conservation strategy and sustainability of irrigated common bean production.(AU)

Effect of soil conditioners on the chemical attributes of a saline-sodic soil and on the initial growth of the castor bean plant / Uso de condicionadores nos atributos químicos de um solo salino-sódico e no crescimento inicial de mamoneira

This work aimed to study the effect of chemical and organic conditioners on the chemical attributes of a saline-sodic soil and on the initial growth of two castor bean cultivars. Two experiments were performed in the green house of the Center of Human and Agrarian Sciences of the Paraíba State University (CCHA-UEPB), Campus IV, Catolé do Rocha-PB. In the first experiment, an entirely randomized experimental design with five treatments [(saline sodic soil without conditioners (SSC), saline sodic soil + biofertilizer at 10% of the soil volume (SS + B), saline sodic soil + chalk at 100% of the chalk requirement (SS + C), saline sodic soil + chalk + biofertilizer (SS + C + B), and non-saline soil (NSL)] and eight replicates was adopted. In the second randomized experiment the treatments were displayed in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, referring to the five corrective treatments used in the first experiment and the two castor bean plant cultivars (BRS Nordestina and BRS Paraguaçu), with four replicates. The application of chalk combined with biofertilizer promoted a better initial development of the castor bean plant in comparison with other recovering treatments. This indicates the corrective effect of chalk on sodicity and of both treatments on the nutrient availability for the plants. The bovine biofertilizer alone did not reduce the sodicity of the sodic saline soil. Under...(AU)

O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a aplicação de condicionadores de natureza química e orgânica nos atributos químicos de um solo salino-sódico e no crescimento inicial de duas cultivares de mamoneira. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Agrárias da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (CCHA-UEPB), Campus IV, Catolé do Rocha-PB. No primeiro experimento adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (Solo salino sódico sem corretivo (SSC), Solo salino sódico + biofertilizante à 10% do volume do solo (SS + B), Solo salino sódico + gesso à 100% da necessidade de gesso (SS + G), Solo salino sódico + gesso + biofertilizante (SS + G + B) e solo não salino (SNS)) com 8 repetições e, no segundo experimento, também conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, referente aos cinco tratamentos de correção obtidos no primeiro experimento e duas cultivares de mamoneira (BRS Nordestina e BRS Paraguaçu), com quatro repetições. A Aplicação de gesso associado ao biofertilizante promoveu o maior desenvolvimento inicial das plantas de mamoneira quando comparado aos demais tratamentos de recuperação e indica ação positiva do gesso como corretivo da sodicidade e de ambos no aumento da disponibilidade de nutrientes às plantas...(AU)

Effect of soil conditioners on the chemical attributes of a saline-sodic soil and on the initial growth of the castor bean plant / Uso de condicionadores nos atributos químicos de um solo salino-sódico e no crescimento inicial de mamoneira

This work aimed to study the effect of chemical and organic conditioners on the chemical attributes of a saline-sodic soil and on the initial growth of two castor bean cultivars. Two experiments were performed in the green house of the Center of Human and Agrarian Sciences of the Paraíba State University (CCHA-UEPB), Campus IV, Catolé do Rocha-PB. In the first experiment, an entirely randomized experimental design with five treatments [(saline sodic soil without conditioners (SSC), saline sodic soil + biofertilizer at 10% of the soil volume (SS + B), saline sodic soil + chalk at 100% of the chalk requirement (SS + C), saline sodic soil + chalk + biofertilizer (SS + C + B), and non-saline soil (NSL)] and eight replicates was adopted. In the second randomized experiment the treatments were displayed in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, referring to the five corrective treatments used in the first experiment and the two castor bean plant cultivars (BRS Nordestina and BRS Paraguaçu), with four replicates. The application of chalk combined with biofertilizer promoted a better initial development of the castor bean plant in comparison with other recovering treatments. This indicates the corrective effect of chalk on sodicity and of both treatments on the nutrient availability for the plants. The bovine biofertilizer alone did not reduce the sodicity of the sodic saline soil. Under...

O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a aplicação de condicionadores de natureza química e orgânica nos atributos químicos de um solo salino-sódico e no crescimento inicial de duas cultivares de mamoneira. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Agrárias da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (CCHA-UEPB), Campus IV, Catolé do Rocha-PB. No primeiro experimento adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (Solo salino sódico sem corretivo (SSC), Solo salino sódico + biofertilizante à 10% do volume do solo (SS + B), Solo salino sódico + gesso à 100% da necessidade de gesso (SS + G), Solo salino sódico + gesso + biofertilizante (SS + G + B) e solo não salino (SNS)) com 8 repetições e, no segundo experimento, também conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, referente aos cinco tratamentos de correção obtidos no primeiro experimento e duas cultivares de mamoneira (BRS Nordestina e BRS Paraguaçu), com quatro repetições. A Aplicação de gesso associado ao biofertilizante promoveu o maior desenvolvimento inicial das plantas de mamoneira quando comparado aos demais tratamentos de recuperação e indica ação positiva do gesso como corretivo da sodicidade e de ambos no aumento da disponibilidade de nutrientes às plantas...