Carcinoma com metástase em coluna vertebral em dois cães / Carcinoma with vertebral column metastasis in two dogs

Background: Carcinomas are aggressive and invasive malignancies that originate from any type of epithelial cell and are responsible for many deaths in dogs. Carcinoma metastases occur primarily via the lymphatic route; however, they can occur by blood flow, thus reaching bone structures. In dogs, metastasis of mammary and squamous cell carcinomas to the skeletal system is poorly described. The aim of this study was to report two cases of dogs that developed metastases of carcinomas to the vertebral column. Cases: Case 1. A 10-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog with paralysis of the left pelvic limb, subcutaneous mass in the lumbar region, apathy, anorexia and progressive weight loss and with a previous history of amputation of the right pelvic limb resulting from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the integument of the cranial face of the femorotibiopatellar joint. Due to the patient’s clinical condition and the negative prognosis associated with the neoplasia, euthanasia was performed. At necropsy, infiltrating the lumbar vertebrae from L5 to L7, a whitish and firm mass of approximately 15 x 8 cm was observed. Histologically, it comprised a malignant epithelial neoplastic development consisting of nests and cords interspersed with fibrovascular stroma, containing multiple keratine pearls. There was moderate to severe anisocytosis, severe anisokariosis, and about 4 mitosis figures for every 10 high power fields (400x). The histological features were consistent with an invasive SCC. Anti-cytokeratin and anti-p63 immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations were performed, both with immunoreactivity in neoplastic cells. Case 2. An 8-year-old, female, Chihuahua with bilateral paralysis of the pelvic limbs, anorexia, and progressive weight loss, with a history of excision of solid mammary carcinoma. The clinical condition...

Carcinoma com metástase em coluna vertebral em dois cães / Carcinoma with vertebral column metastasis in two dogs

Background: Carcinomas are aggressive and invasive malignancies that originate from any type of epithelial cell and are responsible for many deaths in dogs. Carcinoma metastases occur primarily via the lymphatic route; however, they can occur by blood flow, thus reaching bone structures. In dogs, metastasis of mammary and squamous cell carcinomas to the skeletal system is poorly described. The aim of this study was to report two cases of dogs that developed metastases of carcinomas to the vertebral column. Cases: Case 1. A 10-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog with paralysis of the left pelvic limb, subcutaneous mass in the lumbar region, apathy, anorexia and progressive weight loss and with a previous history of amputation of the right pelvic limb resulting from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the integument of the cranial face of the femorotibiopatellar joint. Due to the patients clinical condition and the negative prognosis associated with the neoplasia, euthanasia was performed. At necropsy, infiltrating the lumbar vertebrae from L5 to L7, a whitish and firm mass of approximately 15 x 8 cm was observed. Histologically, it comprised a malignant epithelial neoplastic development consisting of nests and cords interspersed with fibrovascular stroma, containing multiple keratine pearls. There was moderate to severe anisocytosis, severe anisokariosis, and about 4 mitosis figures for every 10 high power fields (400x). The histological features were consistent with an invasive SCC. Anti-cytokeratin and anti-p63 immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations were performed, both with immunoreactivity in neoplastic cells. Case 2. An 8-year-old, female, Chihuahua with bilateral paralysis of the pelvic limbs, anorexia, and progressive weight loss, with a history of excision of solid mammary carcinoma. The clinical condition...(AU)

Unilateral idiopathic renal hematuria in a dog / Hematúria renal idiopática unilateral em um cão

Idiopathic renal hematuria is diagnosed in situations where the cause of hematuria is not clear, even after ruling out all possible differential diagnoses. A 14-year-old female Cocker Spaniel with continuous hematuria as the only clinical sign for two months. Concomitant changes were ruled out by blood tests, urinalysis, and abdominal ultrasonography. It was evidenced that hematuria originated from the left kidney through ureteral catheterization and the diagnosis of idiopathic renal hematuria was determined by excluding other possible causes of renal hematuria. Idiopathic renal hematuria is a rarely reported disease but has great importance as a differential diagnosis in cases where the main clinical sign is hematuria.

A hematúria renal idiopática é diagnosticada em situações onde a razão da hematúria não é esclarecida, descartando-se todos os possíveis diagnósticos diferenciais. Um cão, fêmea, Cocker Spaniel com 14 anos de idade manifestou hematúria contínua como único sinal clínico, por dois meses. Foram descartadas alterações concomitantes, por meio de exames de sangue, urinálise e ultrassonografia abdominal. A hematúria proveniente do rim esquerdo foi evidenciada através de cateterização ureteral e o diagnóstico de hematúria renal idiopática foi obtido por meio da exclusão de outras possíveis causas de hematúria renal. A hematúria renal idiopática é uma doença pouco relatada, no entanto apresenta grande importância como diagnóstico diferencial nos casos onde o principal sinal clínico é a hematúria.

Causes of death and euthanasia in domestic cats in the Santa Catarina plateau (1995-2015) / Causas de morte e eutanásia em felinos domésticos no Planalto de Santa Catarina (1995-2015)

Knowledge about the causes of death in felines constitutes important information to owners, veterinarians, and researchers, aiming at reducing the number of deaths in this species. In order to determine the main causes of death or euthanasia in cats in the Santa Catarina plateau, data from 1995 to 2015 available in necropsy files of the Laboratory of Animal Pathology (LAPA) of the State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC) were collected and evaluated. In that period, 1,728 cats were necropsied, mainly males (46.12%) and adults (50.11%). The mean ages at death for kittens, adults, and elderly were 5.07 months, 3.9 years, and 13.9 years, respectively. Of the 1,728 necropsy reports assessed, the cause of death was identified in 1,184 (68.52%) cases. The main cause of death was associated with infectious diseases (15.8%), with prevalence of feline infectious peritonitis (29.76%), followed by neoplasms (11.98%) with lymphoma (44.93%) and leukemia (16.91%) as the most common, and traumas (11.81%) mainly caused by motor vehicle accidents. These results show the need for owner awareness, as well as establishment of prophylaxis and vaccination programs, aimed at reducing the number of deaths and thus increasing life expectancy in the feline population.(AU)

O conhecimento a respeito da causa mortis em felinos é importante para que se construa um informativo para proprietários, médicos veterinários e pesquisadores, objetivando a redução no número de mortes na espécie. Com o intuito de determinar as principais causas de morte ou eutanásia em felinos domésticos no planalto catarinense foram avaliados os arquivos de registro das necropsias do período de 1995 a 2015 do Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. No período, foram necropsiados 1.728 felinos, principalmente machos (46,12%), adultos (50,11%). A idade média para filhotes foi de 5,07 meses, enquanto para adultos foi 3,9 anos e para idosos 13,9 anos. Das 1.728 necropsias de felinos, a enfermidade que levou o animal a morte foi determinada em 1.184 (68,52%). As doenças infecciosas foram a principal causa de morte (15,8%), dentre as quais a peritonite infecciosa felina (29,76%) foi a mais frequente; seguida das neoplasias (11,98%), sendo o linfoma (44,93%) e a leucemia (16,91%), as mais comuns; e dos traumatismos (11,81%), principalmente atropelamentos por veículos automotivos. Estes resultados refletem a necessidade da conscientização dos proprietários, bem como da instituição de programas de profilaxia e vacinação, visando a redução de mortes e o aumento na expectativa de vida para a população felina.(AU)

Causes of death and euthanasia in domestic cats in the Santa Catarina plateau (1995-2015) / Causas de morte e eutanásia em felinos domésticos no Planalto de Santa Catarina (1995-2015)

Knowledge about the causes of death in felines constitutes important information to owners, veterinarians, and researchers, aiming at reducing the number of deaths in this species. In order to determine the main causes of death or euthanasia in cats in the Santa Catarina plateau, data from 1995 to 2015 available in necropsy files of the Laboratory of Animal Pathology (LAPA) of the State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC) were collected and evaluated. In that period, 1,728 cats were necropsied, mainly males (46.12%) and adults (50.11%). The mean ages at death for kittens, adults, and elderly were 5.07 months, 3.9 years, and 13.9 years, respectively. Of the 1,728 necropsy reports assessed, the cause of death was identified in 1,184 (68.52%) cases. The main cause of death was associated with infectious diseases (15.8%), with prevalence of feline infectious peritonitis (29.76%), followed by neoplasms (11.98%) with lymphoma (44.93%) and leukemia (16.91%) as the most common, and traumas (11.81%) mainly caused by motor vehicle accidents. These results show the need for owner awareness, as well as establishment of prophylaxis and vaccination programs, aimed at reducing the number of deaths and thus increasing life expectancy in the feline population.(AU)

O conhecimento a respeito da causa mortis em felinos é importante para que se construa um informativo para proprietários, médicos veterinários e pesquisadores, objetivando a redução no número de mortes na espécie. Com o intuito de determinar as principais causas de morte ou eutanásia em felinos domésticos no planalto catarinense foram avaliados os arquivos de registro das necropsias do período de 1995 a 2015 do Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. No período, foram necropsiados 1.728 felinos, principalmente machos (46,12%), adultos (50,11%). A idade média para filhotes foi de 5,07 meses, enquanto para adultos foi 3,9 anos e para idosos 13,9 anos. Das 1.728 necropsias de felinos, a enfermidade que levou o animal a morte foi determinada em 1.184 (68,52%). As doenças infecciosas foram a principal causa de morte (15,8%), dentre as quais a peritonite infecciosa felina (29,76%) foi a mais frequente; seguida das neoplasias (11,98%), sendo o linfoma (44,93%) e a leucemia (16,91%), as mais comuns; e dos traumatismos (11,81%), principalmente atropelamentos por veículos automotivos. Estes resultados refletem a necessidade da conscientização dos proprietários, bem como da instituição de programas de profilaxia e vacinação, visando a redução de mortes e o aumento na expectativa de vida para a população felina.(AU)

Unilateral idiopathic renal hematuria in a dog / Hematúria renal idiopática unilateral em um cão

Idiopathic renal hematuria is diagnosed in situations where the cause of hematuria is not clear, even after ruling out all possible differential diagnoses. A 14-year-old female Cocker Spaniel with continuous hematuria as the only clinical sign for two months. Concomitant changes were ruled out by blood tests, urinalysis, and abdominal ultrasonography. It was evidenced that hematuria originated from the left kidney through ureteral catheterization and the diagnosis of idiopathic renal hematuria was determined by excluding other possible causes of renal hematuria. Idiopathic renal hematuria is a rarely reported disease but has great importance as a differential diagnosis in cases where the main clinical sign is hematuria.(AU)

A hematúria renal idiopática é diagnosticada em situações onde a razão da hematúria não é esclarecida, descartando-se todos os possíveis diagnósticos diferenciais. Um cão, fêmea, Cocker Spaniel com 14 anos de idade manifestou hematúria contínua como único sinal clínico, por dois meses. Foram descartadas alterações concomitantes, por meio de exames de sangue, urinálise e ultrassonografia abdominal. A hematúria proveniente do rim esquerdo foi evidenciada através de cateterização ureteral e o diagnóstico de hematúria renal idiopática foi obtido por meio da exclusão de outras possíveis causas de hematúria renal. A hematúria renal idiopática é uma doença pouco relatada, no entanto apresenta grande importância como diagnóstico diferencial nos casos onde o principal sinal clínico é a hematúria.(AU)

Alterações clínicas e hematológicas em gatos com infecção natural e progressivapelo vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) / Clinical and haematological disorders in cats with natural and progressive infectionby feline leukemia virus (FeLV)

Background: Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is an important infectious agent in cats, responsible for great health damages anda large death amount. Among the most common clinical disorders caused by FeLV, severe hematological changes are relatedat the progressive infection, ordinarily presented as cytopenias. Regarding its oncogenic potential, lymphoma and leukemiaare the most observed illness originated by the agent. Therefore, this study has the goal of describing and comparing clinicaland hematological disorders in FeLV positive cats from a selected population.Materials, Methods & Results: Data of clinical evaluations of felines from a previously performed cross-sectional epidemiological study were compiled. This study obtained the prevalence of FeLV infected cats in Santa Catarina Plateau. Threegroups were established from the original sample of 274 cats; Group 1 (control), FeLV negative and none clinical changes (n= 80); Group 2, FeLV positive and none clinical changes (n = 9); Group 3, FeLV positive cats with clinical disorders (n = 29).Physical and hematological examination data were obtained from the medical records. The clinical changes at Group 3 weremucosal pallor (65.51% [19/29]), neurological disorders (20.69% [6/29]), lymphoma (20.69% [6/29]), coinfections (10.34%[3/29]) and leukemia (6.9% [2/29]). The most observed hematological disorders of Group 3 were anemia (65.51% [19/29]) andthrombocytopenia (62.7% [18/20]). At the complete blood count, the medium erythrocyte and eosinophil count, hemoglobinconcentration and hematocrit were lower for Group 3 than the other two groups. The mean number of platelets count werehigher for Group 1 than Group 2 and 3. The mean of the other variables remained between reference numbers. However, adescriptive analysis within the groups demonstrated that lymphopenia was observed in 34.48% (10/29) and neutropenia in17.24% (5/29) at the Group 3...

Alterações clínicas e hematológicas em gatos com infecção natural e progressivapelo vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) / Clinical and haematological disorders in cats with natural and progressive infectionby feline leukemia virus (FeLV)

Background: Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is an important infectious agent in cats, responsible for great health damages anda large death amount. Among the most common clinical disorders caused by FeLV, severe hematological changes are relatedat the progressive infection, ordinarily presented as cytopenias. Regarding its oncogenic potential, lymphoma and leukemiaare the most observed illness originated by the agent. Therefore, this study has the goal of describing and comparing clinicaland hematological disorders in FeLV positive cats from a selected population.Materials, Methods & Results: Data of clinical evaluations of felines from a previously performed cross-sectional epidemiological study were compiled. This study obtained the prevalence of FeLV infected cats in Santa Catarina Plateau. Threegroups were established from the original sample of 274 cats; Group 1 (control), FeLV negative and none clinical changes (n= 80); Group 2, FeLV positive and none clinical changes (n = 9); Group 3, FeLV positive cats with clinical disorders (n = 29).Physical and hematological examination data were obtained from the medical records. The clinical changes at Group 3 weremucosal pallor (65.51% [19/29]), neurological disorders (20.69% [6/29]), lymphoma (20.69% [6/29]), coinfections (10.34%[3/29]) and leukemia (6.9% [2/29]). The most observed hematological disorders of Group 3 were anemia (65.51% [19/29]) andthrombocytopenia (62.7% [18/20]). At the complete blood count, the medium erythrocyte and eosinophil count, hemoglobinconcentration and hematocrit were lower for Group 3 than the other two groups. The mean number of platelets count werehigher for Group 1 than Group 2 and 3. The mean of the other variables remained between reference numbers. However, adescriptive analysis within the groups demonstrated that lymphopenia was observed in 34.48% (10/29) and neutropenia in17.24% (5/29) at the Group 3... (AU)

Ocorrência de doenças infecciosas em gatos do Planalto Catarinense / Occurrence of infectious diseases in cats from Catarinense Plateau

Os gatos estão entre os animais de estimação mais comuns no mundo inteiro e é cada vez mais estreito o seu convívio com os humanos, o que torna os estudos epidemiológicos sobre as doenças que afetam esta espécie de grande importância. Portanto este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a ocorrência de doenças infecciosas em gatos atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV) da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), no município de Lages, assim como identificar os principais sinais clínicos apresentados para cada uma delas. Para isso, foram revisados 825 prontuários de consultas clínicas de gatos, arquivados no HCV, do período de fevereiro de 2013 a julho de 2015. Entre os prontuários revisados, 32/825 (3,88%) apresentaram diagnóstico de doenças infecciosas. A distribuição das enfermidades classificadas como infecciosas foram as seguintes: virais 24/32 (75,0%); bacterianas 4/32 (12,5%); fúngicas 3/32 (9,37%) e causada por protozoário 1/32 (3,13%).  Entre as doenças infecciosas a mais ocorrente foi o vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) [13/33 (39,39%)], aonde as manifestações clínicas encontradas foram a anemia (6/12 [50,00%]), seguida pela leucemia (4/12[33,33%]) e linfoma (2/12[16,67%]). Também foram obtidas a ocorrência das doenças infecciosas de acordo com alguns critérios de seleção, como raça, idade, sexo, acesso à rua, contato com outros animais e status de vacinação. Gatos machos, não vacinados, com acesso livre à rua e contato direto com outros felinos estiveram em maior número dentre os doentes, o que demonstra a íntima relação da falta de cuidados básicos de saúde desses animais com a ocorrência das doenças infecciosas na espécie.

Cats are among the most common pets in the world. The close relationship between human beings and cats supports the importance of epidemiologic studies on feline diseases. Therefore, this study showed the occurrence of infectious diseases in cats at the Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV) of Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), in Lages (SC, Brazil), as well as identifying the major clinical signs presented in each affection. Hence, 825 medical records were reviewed, from February 2013 to July 2015. Among the reviewed records, 20/285 (2,42%) were diagnosed with infectious diseases. The distribution of infectious diseases was: viral 12/20 (60,00%); bacterial 4/20 (20,00%); fungal 3/20 (15,00%) and caused by protozoa 1/20 (5,00%). Among these infectious diseases, the most diagnosed agent was Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) [12/20 (60,00%)]. The most observed clinical signs were anemia (6/12 [50,00%]), followed by leukemia (4/12 [33,33%]) and lymphoma (2/12 [16,67%]). The study also showed the occurrence of infectious diseases according to some selection standards, for instance, breed, age, sex, outdoor access, inhabiting with other pets and vaccination status. The most affected group of animals were non-vaccinated male cats, which had direct contact with other felines and outdoor access, demonstrating the close relationship between the lack of health care and the occurrence of feline infectious diseases.

Occurrence of parvovirus and distemper in dogs in the Plateau of Santa Catarina, Brazil / Ocorrência de parvovirose e cinomose em cães no Planalto Catarinense

This study determined the occurrence of parvovirus and distemper in dogs treated at the Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV) of Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina (UDESC). For such, 3198 medical records filed in the HCV, from February 2013 to July 2015, were reviewed.  From the records, 145 (4.53%) dogs were diagnosed with parvovirus (76 [2.38%]) or distemper (69 [2.15%]). The most common clinical signs of parvovirus were gastrointestinal signs (76 [100%]), having hematochezia as the most commonly observed (74 [97.37%]); for distemper, neurological signs (48 [69.56%]) were most frequently described and myoclonus had the highest occurrence (31 [64.58%]). Regarding complete blood count, the most observed variation in parvovirus was leukopenia by neutropenia and lymphopenia (20 [71.43%]). Distemper showed lymphopenia (28 [59.57%]). It was also observed that the occurrence of distemper and parvovirus were higher according to some selection criteria: breed, age, outdoor access, having contact with other animals and vaccination status. Young non-vaccinated dogs with outdoor access had the highest occurrence ratio. This study showed that viral infectious diseases presented low occurrence, and parvovirus was the most reported agent.

Este estudo teve como principal objetivo determinar a ocorrência de parvovirose e cinomose nos cães atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV) da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). Para isso, foram revisados 3198 prontuários de consultas clínicas de cães, arquivados no HCV, do período de fevereiro de 2013 a julho de 2015. Entre os prontuários revisados, 145 (4,53%) foram diagnosticados com parvovirose (76 [2,38%]) ou cinomose (69 [2,15%]). Os sinais clínicos mais encontrados de cada doença foram: para a parvovirose, os sinais gastrointestinais (76 [100%]), dos quais a hematoquezia foi a mais observada (74 [97,37%]); para a cinomose, os sinais neurológicos (48 [69,56%]), sendo a mioclonia de maior ocorrência (31 [64,58%]). Com relação aos resultados do hemograma, a alteração mais encontrada na parvovirose foi a leucopenia por neutropenia e linfopenia (20 [71,43%]), já na cinomose foi a linfopenia (28 [59,57%]). Também foram observadas a ocorrência de cinomose e parvovirose de acordo com alguns critérios de seleção, como raça, idade, sexo, acesso à rua, contato com outros animais e status de vacinação. Apresentaram maior ocorrência destas doenças os cães jovens, não vacinados e com acesso livre à rua. No âmbito geral, as doenças infecciosas virais na população em estudo se mostraram de baixa ocorrência, sendo a parvovirose a mais relatada.

Broncopneumopatia eosinofílica em cães / Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in dog

Background: The eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP) is characterized by pulmonary infiltration with eosinophils. The etiology of canine EBP remains unclear, although hypersensitivity to aeroallergens is suspected. Dogs affected are usually young. The persistent cough is the most common clinical sign, often associated with respiratory difficulty and exercise intolerance. The diagnosis is based on signalment, radiographic and bronchoscopic findings, and the tissue eosiphilic infiltration demonstrated by cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). No reports were found in Brazil. The aim of this paper is report four cases of canine BPE, with emphasis on clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy.Cases: Case 1. A 18-month-old female dog with 12 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with a 60-day history of cough, inappetence and weariness. It presented cough and tachypnea. The complementary exams demonstrated peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pulmonary pattern on radiography, moderate amount of mucus on bronchoscopy and tissue eosinophilis infiltration on the BAL. The treatment was based on steroids, with improvement of clinical signs. Case 2. A 24-month-old female dog with 16 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with one-year history of cough, inappetence and lethargy. It presented only cough, and in complementary exams showed transitory peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pattern on radiography and predominantly eosinophilic inflammation on citology of BAL. The therapy was based on steroids, with improvement followed by worsening of signs, with need of readjustment of doses. Case 3. A 8-year-old male dog with 6.2 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with 3-weeks history of productive cough, vomiting and weight loss. The complementary exams showed peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pulmonary pattern on radiography and eosinophils infiltration on cytology of BAL.[...]

Broncopneumopatia eosinofílica em cães / Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in dog

Background: The eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP) is characterized by pulmonary infiltration with eosinophils. The etiology of canine EBP remains unclear, although hypersensitivity to aeroallergens is suspected. Dogs affected are usually young. The persistent cough is the most common clinical sign, often associated with respiratory difficulty and exercise intolerance. The diagnosis is based on signalment, radiographic and bronchoscopic findings, and the tissue eosiphilic infiltration demonstrated by cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). No reports were found in Brazil. The aim of this paper is report four cases of canine BPE, with emphasis on clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy.Cases: Case 1. A 18-month-old female dog with 12 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with a 60-day history of cough, inappetence and weariness. It presented cough and tachypnea. The complementary exams demonstrated peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pulmonary pattern on radiography, moderate amount of mucus on bronchoscopy and tissue eosinophilis infiltration on the BAL. The treatment was based on steroids, with improvement of clinical signs. Case 2. A 24-month-old female dog with 16 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with one-year history of cough, inappetence and lethargy. It presented only cough, and in complementary exams showed transitory peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pattern on radiography and predominantly eosinophilic inflammation on citology of BAL. The therapy was based on steroids, with improvement followed by worsening of signs, with need of readjustment of doses. Case 3. A 8-year-old male dog with 6.2 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with 3-weeks history of productive cough, vomiting and weight loss. The complementary exams showed peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pulmonary pattern on radiography and eosinophils infiltration on cytology of BAL.[...](AU)

Occurrence of parvovirus and distemper in dogs in the Plateau of Santa Catarina, Brazil / Ocorrência de parvovirose e cinomose em cães no Planalto Catarinense

This study determined the occurrence of parvovirus and distemper in dogs treated at the Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV) of Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina (UDESC). For such, 3198 medical records filed in the HCV, from February 2013 to July 2015, were reviewed.  From the records, 145 (4.53%) dogs were diagnosed with parvovirus (76 [2.38%]) or distemper (69 [2.15%]). The most common clinical signs of parvovirus were gastrointestinal signs (76 [100%]), having hematochezia as the most commonly observed (74 [97.37%]); for distemper, neurological signs (48 [69.56%]) were most frequently described and myoclonus had the highest occurrence (31 [64.58%]). Regarding complete blood count, the most observed variation in parvovirus was leukopenia by neutropenia and lymphopenia (20 [71.43%]). Distemper showed lymphopenia (28 [59.57%]). It was also observed that the occurrence of distemper and parvovirus were higher according to some selection criteria: breed, age, outdoor access, having contact with other animals and vaccination status. Young non-vaccinated dogs with outdoor access had the highest occurrence ratio. This study showed that viral infectious diseases presented low occurrence, and parvovirus was the most reported agent.(AU)

Este estudo teve como principal objetivo determinar a ocorrência de parvovirose e cinomose nos cães atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV) da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). Para isso, foram revisados 3198 prontuários de consultas clínicas de cães, arquivados no HCV, do período de fevereiro de 2013 a julho de 2015. Entre os prontuários revisados, 145 (4,53%) foram diagnosticados com parvovirose (76 [2,38%]) ou cinomose (69 [2,15%]). Os sinais clínicos mais encontrados de cada doença foram: para a parvovirose, os sinais gastrointestinais (76 [100%]), dos quais a hematoquezia foi a mais observada (74 [97,37%]); para a cinomose, os sinais neurológicos (48 [69,56%]), sendo a mioclonia de maior ocorrência (31 [64,58%]). Com relação aos resultados do hemograma, a alteração mais encontrada na parvovirose foi a leucopenia por neutropenia e linfopenia (20 [71,43%]), já na cinomose foi a linfopenia (28 [59,57%]). Também foram observadas a ocorrência de cinomose e parvovirose de acordo com alguns critérios de seleção, como raça, idade, sexo, acesso à rua, contato com outros animais e status de vacinação. Apresentaram maior ocorrência destas doenças os cães jovens, não vacinados e com acesso livre à rua. No âmbito geral, as doenças infecciosas virais na população em estudo se mostraram de baixa ocorrência, sendo a parvovirose a mais relatada.(AU)

Ocorrência de doenças infecciosas em gatos do Planalto Catarinense / Occurrence of infectious diseases in cats from Catarinense Plateau

Os gatos estão entre os animais de estimação mais comuns no mundo inteiro e é cada vez mais estreito o seu convívio com os humanos, o que torna os estudos epidemiológicos sobre as doenças que afetam esta espécie de grande importância. Portanto este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a ocorrência de doenças infecciosas em gatos atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV) da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), no município de Lages, assim como identificar os principais sinais clínicos apresentados para cada uma delas. Para isso, foram revisados 825 prontuários de consultas clínicas de gatos, arquivados no HCV, do período de fevereiro de 2013 a julho de 2015. Entre os prontuários revisados, 32/825 (3,88%) apresentaram diagnóstico de doenças infecciosas. A distribuição das enfermidades classificadas como infecciosas foram as seguintes: virais 24/32 (75,0%); bacterianas 4/32 (12,5%); fúngicas 3/32 (9,37%) e causada por protozoário 1/32 (3,13%).  Entre as doenças infecciosas a mais ocorrente foi o vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) [13/33 (39,39%)], aonde as manifestações clínicas encontradas foram a anemia (6/12 [50,00%]), seguida pela leucemia (4/12[33,33%]) e linfoma (2/12[16,67%]). Também foram obtidas a ocorrência das doenças infecciosas de acordo com alguns critérios de seleção, como raça, idade, sexo, acesso à rua, contato com outros animais e status de vacinação. Gatos machos, não vacinados, com acesso livre à rua e contato direto com outros felinos estiveram em maior número dentre os doentes, o que demonstra a íntima relação da falta de cuidados básicos de saúde desses animais com a ocorrência das doenças infecciosas na espécie.(AU)

Cats are among the most common pets in the world. The close relationship between human beings and cats supports the importance of epidemiologic studies on feline diseases. Therefore, this study showed the occurrence of infectious diseases in cats at the Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV) of Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), in Lages (SC, Brazil), as well as identifying the major clinical signs presented in each affection. Hence, 825 medical records were reviewed, from February 2013 to July 2015. Among the reviewed records, 20/285 (2,42%) were diagnosed with infectious diseases. The distribution of infectious diseases was: viral 12/20 (60,00%); bacterial 4/20 (20,00%); fungal 3/20 (15,00%) and caused by protozoa 1/20 (5,00%). Among these infectious diseases, the most diagnosed agent was Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) [12/20 (60,00%)]. The most observed clinical signs were anemia (6/12 [50,00%]), followed by leukemia (4/12 [33,33%]) and lymphoma (2/12 [16,67%]). The study also showed the occurrence of infectious diseases according to some selection standards, for instance, breed, age, sex, outdoor access, inhabiting with other pets and vaccination status. The most affected group of animals were non-vaccinated male cats, which had direct contact with other felines and outdoor access, demonstrating the close relationship between the lack of health care and the occurrence of feline infectious diseases.(AU)

Metastatic osteosarcoma as a cause of hemorrhagic stroke in a dog

The aim of this case report is to describe an uncommon hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) associated with an osteosarcoma (OSA) metastasis. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the acute onset of a neurological deficit from any change in blood supply resulting from a pathological process, characterizing a stroke and among all the causes, the neoplastic thrombus of osteosarcoma, specifically, is the most infrequent in clinical practice. A seven-year-old female midsize mixed-breed dog was submitted to a forelimb amputation for showing an osteoblastic OSA in proximal humerus. Three weeks later, the patient presented uninterruptible seizure and coma, resulting in death. At necropsy, it was observed afriable and reddish mass in the left frontal cortex which, microscopically was constituted by OSA metastasis in association with multiple ruptures of blood vessels and focally extensive severe bleeding, which caused a CVA. At immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells of the humerus and the brain metastasis were positive for vimentin and osteonectin, confirming the diagnosis of osteoblastic OSA. The reports about OSA metastasis on the brain are rare in animals and humans, what could be related to the low frequency and few diagnosis ante and post-mortem. As uncommon as the description of OSA metastasis to the brain, is the CVA associated to them, demonstrating that reporting cases related to these clinical and anatomopathological lesions are important for the scientific community.(AU)

Metastatic osteosarcoma as a cause of hemorrhagic stroke in a dog

The aim of this case report is to describe an uncommon hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) associated with an osteosarcoma (OSA) metastasis. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the acute onset of a neurological deficit from any change in blood supply resulting from a pathological process, characterizing a stroke and among all the causes, the neoplastic thrombus of osteosarcoma, specifically, is the most infrequent in clinical practice. A seven-year-old female midsize mixed-breed dog was submitted to a forelimb amputation for showing an osteoblastic OSA in proximal humerus. Three weeks later, the patient presented uninterruptible seizure and coma, resulting in death. At necropsy, it was observed afriable and reddish mass in the left frontal cortex which, microscopically was constituted by OSA metastasis in association with multiple ruptures of blood vessels and focally extensive severe bleeding, which caused a CVA. At immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells of the humerus and the brain metastasis were positive for vimentin and osteonectin, confirming the diagnosis of osteoblastic OSA. The reports about OSA metastasis on the brain are rare in animals and humans, what could be related to the low frequency and few diagnosis ante and post-mortem. As uncommon as the description of OSA metastasis to the brain, is the CVA associated to them, demonstrating that reporting cases related to these clinical and anatomopathological lesions are important for the scientific community.

Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) outbreak in blue-and-gold macaws (Ara ararauna) in the State of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil / Surto de doença da dilatação proventricular em araras-canindé (Ara ararauna) no estado de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil

Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a lethal and important disease of captive psittacine birds, and affects a wide range of species, including endangered ones, and lacks an effective treatment. This report describes PDD in three blue-and-gold macaws (Ara ararauna) in southern Brazil. All three macaws originated from the same aviary and presented similar clinical signs including anorexia, apathy, emaciation and prostration. At necropsy, one of the macaws presented an enlarged proventriculus. Histologically, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates was observed in the ganglia and nerves of the esophagus, crop, proventriculus, ventriculus, heart, adrenal glands, and adrenal medulla of all three cases. Two macaws had meningoencephalomyelitis and one had myocarditis. Immunohistochemistry identified PaBV antigen in the brain, proventricular, ventricular ganglia, and epicardial ganglia, and cardiomyocytes of all three macaws.(AU)

A doença da dilatação proventricular (PDD) e uma importante e fatal doença de psitacídeos de cativeiro, que afeta uma grande variedade de espécies e não tem um tratamento efetivo até o momento. Este relato descreve PDD em três araras canindé (Ara ararauna) no sul do Brasil. Todas as três araras eram provenientes do mesmo criatório e apresentaram sinais clínicos semelhantes incluindo anorexia, apatia, emaciação e prostração. Na necropsia, uma das araras apresentou proventrículo dilatado. No exame histopatológico, infiltrados linfoplasmacitários foram observados em gânglios e nervos do esôfago, inglúvio, proventrículo, moela, coração, glândulas adrenais e rins de todos os casos. Adicionalmente, meningoencefalomielite foi observada em duas araras e miocardite em uma. A imuno-histoquímica identificou antígenos de PaBV no encéfalo, coração, proventrículo e moela de todos os casos.(AU)

Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) outbreak in blue-and-gold macaws (Ara ararauna) in the State of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil / Surto de doença da dilatação proventricular em araras-canindé (Ara ararauna) no estado de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil

Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a lethal and important disease of captive psittacine birds, and affects a wide range of species, including endangered ones, and lacks an effective treatment. This report describes PDD in three blue-and-gold macaws (Ara ararauna) in southern Brazil. All three macaws originated from the same aviary and presented similar clinical signs including anorexia, apathy, emaciation and prostration. At necropsy, one of the macaws presented an enlarged proventriculus. Histologically, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates was observed in the ganglia and nerves of the esophagus, crop, proventriculus, ventriculus, heart, adrenal glands, and adrenal medulla of all three cases. Two macaws had meningoencephalomyelitis and one had myocarditis. Immunohistochemistry identified PaBV antigen in the brain, proventricular, ventricular ganglia, and epicardial ganglia, and cardiomyocytes of all three macaws.(AU)

A doença da dilatação proventricular (PDD) e uma importante e fatal doença de psitacídeos de cativeiro, que afeta uma grande variedade de espécies e não tem um tratamento efetivo até o momento. Este relato descreve PDD em três araras canindé (Ara ararauna) no sul do Brasil. Todas as três araras eram provenientes do mesmo criatório e apresentaram sinais clínicos semelhantes incluindo anorexia, apatia, emaciação e prostração. Na necropsia, uma das araras apresentou proventrículo dilatado. No exame histopatológico, infiltrados linfoplasmacitários foram observados em gânglios e nervos do esôfago, inglúvio, proventrículo, moela, coração, glândulas adrenais e rins de todos os casos. Adicionalmente, meningoencefalomielite foi observada em duas araras e miocardite em uma. A imuno-histoquímica identificou antígenos de PaBV no encéfalo, coração, proventrículo e moela de todos os casos.(AU)

Oxidative stress and changes on the adenosinergic system of cats infected by feline leukemia virus (FeLV)

Background: The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is clinically important retroviruses that infect domestic and wild feline worldwide, affecting more than 3 million cats representing a great risk for premature death. Some studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, as well as the adenosinergic system, exert an important role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Oxidative stress is considered a disturbance in the antioxidant/oxidant status in favor of the excessive generation or lower removal of free radicals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether changes on the adenosinergic system and oxidative stress occurred in cats positives for feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-nine serum samples of cats (between 4 months and 13 years of age) seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC - Lages, SC, Brazil) were used. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and stored in tubes without anticoagulant to obtain serum. An aliquot was used to detect both viral infections using the kit SNAP FIV/FeLV, that detects the p27 protein from FeLV and antibodies against the p24 protein from FIV. The test was performed according the manufacture’s recommendations. Based on this result, this study involved 20 FeLV negative cats, 20 FeLV positive symptomatic cats, and 9 FeLV positives asymptomatic cats. Serum samples were used to determine the activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen levels (ROS). Seric ADA and GST activities, as well as TBARS (lipid peroxidation) and ROS (free radical) levels were determined spectrophotometrically according to the specific method. Seric ADA activity was increased in symptomatic animals compared to negatives and also to asymptomatic positive animals, and the same was observed for seric TBARS levels.[...]

Oxidative Stress and Changes on the Adenosinergic System of Cats Infected by Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

Background: The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is clinically important retroviruses that infect domestic and wild feline worldwide, affecting more than 3 million cats representing a great risk for premature death. Some studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, as well as the adenosinergic system, exert an important role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Oxidative stress is considered a disturbance in the antioxidant/oxidant status in favor of the excessive generation or lower removal of free radicals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether changes on the adenosinergic system and oxidative stress occurred in cats positives for feline leukemia virus (FeLV).Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-nine serum samples of cats (between 4 months and 13 years of age) seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC - Lages, SC, Brazil) were used. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and stored in tubes without anticoagulant to obtain serum. An aliquot was used to detect both viral infections using the kit SNAP FIV/FeLV, that detects the p27 protein from FeLV and antibodies against the p24 protein from FIV. The test was performed according the manufactures recommendations. Based on this result, this study involved 20 FeLV negative cats, 20 FeLV positive symptomatic cats, and 9 FeLV positives asymptomatic cats. Ser