Different methods of processing thermographic images to evaluate the carpal temperature of healthy calves / Diferentes métodos de processamento de imagens termográficas para avaliação da temperatura do carpo em bezerros saudáveis

The aim of this study was to compare three methods of processing thermographic images for the evaluation of carpal temperature in healthy calves. Additionally, we sought to evaluate the thermal symmetry between the contralateral carpi of these calves. Thermographic images were obtained from both carpi of eight healthy calves aged between 20 and 45 days with a mean weight of 38.65 ± 2.27 kg. Using GRAYESS® IRT Analyzer 7 software, the total temperature (Ttot), region-of-interest temperature (Troi), and maximum mean temperature (Tmax) were determined. There was no difference between the temperatures obtained by the Ttot and Troi methods. Tmax showed higher temperatures (p < 0.01) than the other methods. The three image processing methods showed high and significant positive correlations for the temperature of the right and left carpi of healthy calves. Tmax presented a higher correlation coefficient (r = 0.99) than the two other methods, which suggests a greater sensitivity for identifying thermal variations among the contralateral carpi. The 99% confidence interval for the difference between the temperatures of the right and left carpi (∆r-l) was between 0.03 and 0.26°C; thus, a temperature variation within that range does not refer to pathologic processes.

Este estudo objetivou comparar três métodos de processamento de imagens termográficas na avaliação da temperatura do carpo de bezerros saudáveis. Adicionalmente, buscou-se avaliar a simetria térmica entre os carpos contralaterais desses bezerros. Foram obtidas imagens termográficas de ambos os carpos de oito bezerros, hígidos, com idade entre 20 e 45 dias e peso médio de 38,65 ± 2,27 kg. As imagens foram analisadas por meio do software GRAYESS® IRT Analyzer 7, que possibilitou a obtenção da temperatura total (Ttot), temperatura da região de interesse (Troi) e temperatura máxima média (Tmax). Não houve diferença entre as temperaturas obtidas pelos métodos Ttot e Troi. O Tmax mostrou temperaturas mais elevadas (p < 0,01) em comparação aos demais métodos. Os três métodos de processamento de imagens apresentaram correlações elevadas e significativas para a temperatura dos carpos direito e esquerdo de bezerros saudáveis, entretanto, o Tmax apresentou maior coeficiente de correlação (r = 0,99), o que sugere maior sensibilidade para identificação de variações térmicas entre os carpos contralaterais. O intervalo de confiança de 99% para a diferença de temperaturas entre os carpos direito e esquerdo (∆d-e) foi de 0,03 a 0,26ºC, o que indica que a variação de temperatura dentro desse intervalo não remete a alteração patológica.

Half a century of research on cattle foot and claw diseases: a scientometric analysis / Meio século de pesquisas em doenças podais bovinas: uma análise cienciométrica

The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate scientific publications on cattle foot and claw diseases using the Scopus database. A combination of keywords "hoof disease AND bovine OR cattle OR cow" was used. Publications were classified according to the type, language, subject area, source title, author, affiliation, and country/territory. The documents were grouped later into thematic topics. The diseases evaluated in each study were quantified separately and in related groups, and distributed by decades. The frequencies of the thematic topics and diseases were compared by the chi-square test for adherence. In total, 642 publications were analyzed (595 articles, 46 reviews, and 1 note). Most of these papers were written in English (518). The main subject areas were Veterinary; Agricultural and Biological Sciences; and Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology. Journal of Dairy Science was the journal that published most articles in the area, with the best citations (SCImago Journal Rank = 1.21). The authors with the highest number of publications were Johann Kofler with 19, and David Nixon Logue and Jan Keith Shearer with 18 documents each. By affiliation, the institution with the highest number of publications was the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. By country or territory, the United States of America (22%), the United Kingdom (17%), Germany (11%), and Canada (10%) together accounted for 60% of the publications. The classification of the documents into thematic topics resulted in four groups: Specific hoof diseases (70%), General hoof diseases (14%), Lameness (11%), and Healthy hoof characterization (5%). Eighteen foot and claw diseases have been studied, with the following being the most frequent: digital dermatitis (17%), sole ulcer (15%), and white line disease (11%). When grouped, laminitis-related diseases represented 48% and...

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar quantitativamente as publicações científicas acerca das doenças podais bovinas na base de dados SCOPUS. Foi utilizada a combinação das palavras-chave "hoof disease AND bovine OR cattle OR cow". As publicações foram classificadas de acordo com o tipo, idioma, área temática, periódico científico, autoria, filiação, e país/território. Os documentos foram agrupados em tópicos temáticos a posteriori. As doenças estudadas em cada paper foram quantificadas isoladamente e em grupos relacionados, e distribuídas por décadas. As frequências foram comparadas por teste qui-quadrado para aderência. 642 publicações foram analisadas (595 artigos, 92.6%; 46 revisões, 7.2%; e uma nota, 0.2%). A maioria dos documentos foi escrita em Inglês (518/81%). As principais áreas temáticas foram: Veterinária (394); Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas (257); e Bioquímica, Genética e Biologia Molecular (131). O Journal of Dairy Science é o periódico que mais publicou artigos na área (123) e também possui as melhores citações (SJR = 1.21). Os autores com maior número de publicações foram Johann Kofler, com 19 documentos, e David Nixon Logue e Jan Keith Shearer, com 18 documentos cada. Segundo a filiação dos documentos, a instituição com o maior número de publicações foi a Universidade Sueca de Ciências Agrárias. Por país ou território, Estados Unidos da América (22%), Reino Unido (17%), Alemanha (11%) e Canadá (10%) representaram juntos 60% das publicações. A classificação dos documentos por tópicos temáticos resultou em quatro tópicos: doenças podais específicas (70%), doenças podais gerais (14%), claudicação (11%) e caracterização do casco saudável (5%). Dezoito doenças podais foram estudadas, sendo as mais frequentes: dermatite digital (17%), úlcera de sola (15%) e doença da linha branca (11%). Quando agrupadas, as doenças relacionadas à laminite representaram 48% e as doenças infecciosas 38% das doenças estudadas. Pode-se concluir que em...

Half a century of research on cattle foot and claw diseases: a scientometric analysis / Meio século de pesquisas em doenças podais bovinas: uma análise cienciométrica

The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate scientific publications on cattle foot and claw diseases using the Scopus database. A combination of keywords "hoof disease AND bovine OR cattle OR cow" was used. Publications were classified according to the type, language, subject area, source title, author, affiliation, and country/territory. The documents were grouped later into thematic topics. The diseases evaluated in each study were quantified separately and in related groups, and distributed by decades. The frequencies of the thematic topics and diseases were compared by the chi-square test for adherence. In total, 642 publications were analyzed (595 articles, 46 reviews, and 1 note). Most of these papers were written in English (518). The main subject areas were Veterinary; Agricultural and Biological Sciences; and Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology. Journal of Dairy Science was the journal that published most articles in the area, with the best citations (SCImago Journal Rank = 1.21). The authors with the highest number of publications were Johann Kofler with 19, and David Nixon Logue and Jan Keith Shearer with 18 documents each. By affiliation, the institution with the highest number of publications was the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. By country or territory, the United States of America (22%), the United Kingdom (17%), Germany (11%), and Canada (10%) together accounted for 60% of the publications. The classification of the documents into thematic topics resulted in four groups: Specific hoof diseases (70%), General hoof diseases (14%), Lameness (11%), and Healthy hoof characterization (5%). Eighteen foot and claw diseases have been studied, with the following being the most frequent: digital dermatitis (17%), sole ulcer (15%), and white line disease (11%). When grouped, laminitis-related diseases represented 48% and...(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar quantitativamente as publicações científicas acerca das doenças podais bovinas na base de dados SCOPUS. Foi utilizada a combinação das palavras-chave "hoof disease AND bovine OR cattle OR cow". As publicações foram classificadas de acordo com o tipo, idioma, área temática, periódico científico, autoria, filiação, e país/território. Os documentos foram agrupados em tópicos temáticos a posteriori. As doenças estudadas em cada paper foram quantificadas isoladamente e em grupos relacionados, e distribuídas por décadas. As frequências foram comparadas por teste qui-quadrado para aderência. 642 publicações foram analisadas (595 artigos, 92.6%; 46 revisões, 7.2%; e uma nota, 0.2%). A maioria dos documentos foi escrita em Inglês (518/81%). As principais áreas temáticas foram: Veterinária (394); Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas (257); e Bioquímica, Genética e Biologia Molecular (131). O Journal of Dairy Science é o periódico que mais publicou artigos na área (123) e também possui as melhores citações (SJR = 1.21). Os autores com maior número de publicações foram Johann Kofler, com 19 documentos, e David Nixon Logue e Jan Keith Shearer, com 18 documentos cada. Segundo a filiação dos documentos, a instituição com o maior número de publicações foi a Universidade Sueca de Ciências Agrárias. Por país ou território, Estados Unidos da América (22%), Reino Unido (17%), Alemanha (11%) e Canadá (10%) representaram juntos 60% das publicações. A classificação dos documentos por tópicos temáticos resultou em quatro tópicos: doenças podais específicas (70%), doenças podais gerais (14%), claudicação (11%) e caracterização do casco saudável (5%). Dezoito doenças podais foram estudadas, sendo as mais frequentes: dermatite digital (17%), úlcera de sola (15%) e doença da linha branca (11%). Quando agrupadas, as doenças relacionadas à laminite representaram 48% e as doenças infecciosas 38% das doenças estudadas. Pode-se concluir que em...(AU)

Intoxicação natural por Tephrosia cinerea em ovinos na região Oeste do Rio Grande do Norte / Natural poisoning by Tephrosia cinerea in sheep from Western Region of Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeastern Brazil

Background: Tephrosia cinerea is a toxic plant responsible for liver fibrosis, which results in ascites and weight loss insheep and probably goats. Although T. cinerea is widespread in Brazil, reports of poisoning are described in the Eastern“Seridó” region of Rio Grande do Norte state, Central “Sertão” region of Ceará state, and “Sertão” of Paraíba state. Thus,this paper aimed to report clinical-epidemiological, laboratorial, pathological and ultrasonographic findings of sheepspontaneously poisoned by T. cinerea in the Western region of Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeastern Brazil.Cases: The evaluated cases occurred in sheep raised on properties located in the municipalities of Areia Branca and Tibau,Western region of Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeastern Brazil. In all visited farms, the pasture had a marked predominance of the T. cinerea. Clinical signs included progressive weight loss, dehydration, bilateral abdominal distension, andrespiratory dyspnea. Other less frequent clinical signs were hyporexia, pale mucosae, rough hair coat and polyuria. Hematology revealed leukocytosis by neutrophilia, while serum biochemical analysis revealed increased activities of GGTand ALT and reduced levels of total proteins, albumin and globulins. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed in onesheep, revealing a large amount of anechoic peritoneal effusion without floating echogenic debris or spots, and distentionof hepatic vessels and portal veins. Gross pathological findings included severe ascites, moderate hydrothorax and hydropericardium, and liver showing irregular nodular surface, whitish areas and hardened consistency. Microscopic evaluationof liver revealed hepatocyte necrosis, diffuse deposition of collagen fibers, and...

Intoxicação natural por Tephrosia cinerea em ovinos na região Oeste do Rio Grande do Norte / Natural poisoning by Tephrosia cinerea in sheep from Western Region of Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeastern Brazil

Background: Tephrosia cinerea is a toxic plant responsible for liver fibrosis, which results in ascites and weight loss insheep and probably goats. Although T. cinerea is widespread in Brazil, reports of poisoning are described in the Eastern“Seridó” region of Rio Grande do Norte state, Central “Sertão” region of Ceará state, and “Sertão” of Paraíba state. Thus,this paper aimed to report clinical-epidemiological, laboratorial, pathological and ultrasonographic findings of sheepspontaneously poisoned by T. cinerea in the Western region of Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeastern Brazil.Cases: The evaluated cases occurred in sheep raised on properties located in the municipalities of Areia Branca and Tibau,Western region of Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeastern Brazil. In all visited farms, the pasture had a marked predominance of the T. cinerea. Clinical signs included progressive weight loss, dehydration, bilateral abdominal distension, andrespiratory dyspnea. Other less frequent clinical signs were hyporexia, pale mucosae, rough hair coat and polyuria. Hematology revealed leukocytosis by neutrophilia, while serum biochemical analysis revealed increased activities of GGTand ALT and reduced levels of total proteins, albumin and globulins. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed in onesheep, revealing a large amount of anechoic peritoneal effusion without floating echogenic debris or spots, and distentionof hepatic vessels and portal veins. Gross pathological findings included severe ascites, moderate hydrothorax and hydropericardium, and liver showing irregular nodular surface, whitish areas and hardened consistency. Microscopic evaluationof liver revealed hepatocyte necrosis, diffuse deposition of collagen fibers, and...(AU)

Perfuração torácica e fratura de esterno em potro – relato de caso / Thoracic drilling and sternal fracture in foal - case report

The aim of this paper is to describe an attempt to correct a thoracic trauma with drilling and sternum fracture in a filly. Cleaning the thoracic cavity was made, muscle graft placement, reduction and synthesis subcutaneous space of the skin. Recommended antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tetanus serum and rest. Despite the efforts the animal came to death days later because of postsurgical complications.

Síndrome navicular / Navicular syndrome

The navicular syndrome is a high relevance pathology. It is one of the chronic disease that most attacks equines 4 to 15 years. Several factors as faulty genetic predisposition in the blood circulation for the region of the navicular, biomechanical factors, imperfect resignation and instability of the hoof are proposed like as etiological actors. The aim of this study was report a case of navicular bone syndrome in equine and bring forward the discussed therapeutic conducts. In the physical exam, the animal presented accented claudication on step and the illness was diagnosed through the x-ray and from there, neurectomia was carried out. After the surgical treatment, the animal was treated and discharged for not demonstrating painful signs. There is no remedial treatment for the illness, therefore when the first clinical signs appear, it must be taken the proper steps so does not compromising the life of the animal.

Tratamento de habronemose cutânea com pomada a base de nitrofurazona, dexametasona, triclorfon e policresuleno / Treatment of cutaneous habronemiasis using dexamethasone, triclorfon and policresulen in nitrofurasone ointment

The purpose of this report was to describe the successful treatment of cutaneous habronemiasis using dexamethasone, triclorfon and policresulen in nitrofurasone ointment. The active action of these components is an anti-inflammatory effect and the removal of necrotic tissue. The ointment was effective for topical use on cutaneous habronemiasis when combined to systemic therapeutical approach and improvement of health management of stalls and stables.

Tratamento de habronemose cutânea com pomada a base de nitrofurazona, dexametasona, triclorfon e policresuleno / Treatment of cutaneous habronemiasis using dexamethasone, triclorfon and policresulen in nitrofurasone ointment

The purpose of this report was to describe the successful treatment of cutaneous habronemiasis using dexamethasone, triclorfon and policresulen in nitrofurasone ointment. The active action of these components is an anti-inflammatory effect and the removal of necrotic tissue. The ointment was effective for topical use on cutaneous habronemiasis when combined to systemic therapeutical approach and improvement of health management of stalls and stables.(AU)

Síndrome navicular / Navicular syndrome

The navicular syndrome is a high relevance pathology. It is one of the chronic disease that most attacks equines 4 to 15 years. Several factors as faulty genetic predisposition in the blood circulation for the region of the navicular, biomechanical factors, imperfect resignation and instability of the hoof are proposed like as etiological actors. The aim of this study was report a case of navicular bone syndrome in equine and bring forward the discussed therapeutic conducts. In the physical exam, the animal presented accented claudication on step and the illness was diagnosed through the x-ray and from there, neurectomia was carried out. After the surgical treatment, the animal was treated and discharged for not demonstrating painful signs. There is no remedial treatment for the illness, therefore when the first clinical signs appear, it must be taken the proper steps so does not compromising the life of the animal.(AU)

Perfuração torácica e fratura de esterno em potro relato de caso / Thoracic drilling and sternal fracture in foal - case report

The aim of this paper is to describe an attempt to correct a thoracic trauma with drilling and sternum fracture in a filly. Cleaning the thoracic cavity was made, muscle graft placement, reduction and synthesis subcutaneous space of the skin. Recommended antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tetanus serum and rest. Despite the efforts the animal came to death days later because of postsurgical complications.(AU)

Intoxicação por Tephrosia cinérea (falso anil) em ovinos / Poisoning by Tephrosia cinérea (false índigo) in sheep

Over the years, the national sheep industry obtained an increase in its population, even with the climatic adversities such as drought that consequently cause a shortage of food, thereby increasing the intoxications by toxic plants. Each year the discovery of toxic plants is increasing, having a great importance in veterinary medicine, for the diagnosis of certain disorders that may come to affect the equines, cattle, sheep and goats. The present work reports the poisoning by Tephrosia cinérea in a sheep, with the purported diagnosis, treatment to recovery of the animal.

Intoxicação por Tephrosia cinérea (falso anil) em ovinos / Poisoning by Tephrosia cinérea (false índigo) in sheep

Over the years, the national sheep industry obtained an increase in its population, even with the climatic adversities such as drought that consequently cause a shortage of food, thereby increasing the intoxications by toxic plants. Each year the discovery of toxic plants is increasing, having a great importance in veterinary medicine, for the diagnosis of certain disorders that may come to affect the equines, cattle, sheep and goats. The present work reports the poisoning by Tephrosia cinérea in a sheep, with the purported diagnosis, treatment to recovery of the animal.(AU)

Terapia física e reabilitação de equinos atletas: revisão / Physical therapy and rehabilitation of equine athlete: review / Terapia física y rehabilitación del equino atleta: revisión

Desde a sua domesticação o equino tem sido utilizado em diversos tipos de atividade, a fim de atender necessidades humanas. Recentemente tem-se crescido o interesse do uso desses animais em atividades de esporte e lazer, de tal modo que estes passaram a ser vistos como atletas, tendo de manter altos índices de desempenho e estando susceptíveis aos mais diversos tipos de lesões. Avanços recentes nas áreas da medicina esportiva, fisioterapia e reabilitação equina têm auxiliado no processo de recuperação desses animais e retomada do desempenho atlético após períodos de inatividade por lesão. Assim a presente revisão tem por objetivo caracterizar as técnicas de fisioterapia e reabilitação equina bem como apontar as principais indicações de cada uma destas.(AU)

Horses has been used as different purposes to support humans, since it domestication. There is an increase of interest on its use for competition and entertainment and this require high performance levels of these animals witch became them susceptible to injuries. Recent advances on equine sports medicine, physical therapy and rehabilitation have helped on recovery after inactivity period by injury. The aim of this review is to characterize physical therapy and rehabilitation techniques and to show its main indications.(AU)

Desde su domesticación, el caballo ha sido utilizado en varios tipos de actividades, a fin de satisfacer las necesidades humanas. Más recientemente ha sido el creciente interés en el uso de estos animales en las actividades de deporte y ocio, de tal manera que llegó a ser visto como atletas, teniendo que mantener altos niveles de rendimiento y estando susceptibles a varios tipos de lesiones. Los recientes avances en las áreas de medicina deportiva, fisioterapia y rehabilitación han ayudado en el proceso de recuperación de estos animales y reanudación de rendimiento atlético tras períodos de inactividad por lesión. Por lo tanto, esta revisión es para caracterizar las técnicas de fisioterapia y rehabilitación, así como las principales indicaciones para cada uno de estos.(AU)

Terapia física e reabilitação de equinos atletas: revisão / Physical therapy and rehabilitation of equine athlete: review / Terapia física y rehabilitación del equino atleta: revisión

Desde a sua domesticação o equino tem sido utilizado em diversos tipos de atividade, a fim de atender necessidades humanas. Recentemente tem-se crescido o interesse do uso desses animais em atividades de esporte e lazer, de tal modo que estes passaram a ser vistos como atletas, tendo de manter altos índices de desempenho e estando susceptíveis aos mais diversos tipos de lesões. Avanços recentes nas áreas da medicina esportiva, fisioterapia e reabilitação equina têm auxiliado no processo de recuperação desses animais e retomada do desempenho atlético após períodos de inatividade por lesão. Assim a presente revisão tem por objetivo caracterizar as técnicas de fisioterapia e reabilitação equina bem como apontar as principais indicações de cada uma destas.

Horses has been used as different purposes to support humans, since it domestication. There is an increase of interest on its use for competition and entertainment and this require high performance levels of these animals witch became them susceptible to injuries. Recent advances on equine sports medicine, physical therapy and rehabilitation have helped on recovery after inactivity period by injury. The aim of this review is to characterize physical therapy and rehabilitation techniques and to show its main indications.

Desde su domesticación, el caballo ha sido utilizado en varios tipos de actividades, a fin de satisfacer las necesidades humanas. Más recientemente ha sido el creciente interés en el uso de estos animales en las actividades de deporte y ocio, de tal manera que llegó a ser visto como atletas, teniendo que mantener altos niveles de rendimiento y estando susceptibles a varios tipos de lesiones. Los recientes avances en las áreas de medicina deportiva, fisioterapia y rehabilitación han ayudado en el proceso de recuperación de estos animales y reanudación de rendimiento atlético tras períodos de inactividad por lesión. Por lo tanto, esta revisión es para caracterizar las técnicas de fisioterapia y rehabilitación, así como las principales indicaciones para cada uno de estos.