Diagnostic applicability of infrared thermography in the evaluation of canine mammary tumors / Aplicabilidade diagnóstica da termografia infravermelha na avaliação dos tumores mamários caninos

Mammary tumors have a high prevalence in bitches and women, and are related to high rates of morbidity and mortality. For the human species, thermography has stood out as a diagnostic tool for breast cancer. However, its clinical benefit in bitches remains unknown. Thus, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic applicability of infrared thermography for canine mammary tumors, as well as to correlate tumor temperature with mitotic index and tumor volume. Thermographic and digital images of eight bitches with mammary neoplasms were captured. Thermograms were entered into the FLIR tools software and the temperature of 15 tumor and 15 healthy glands from the contralateral mammary chain was analyzed. There was no significant difference (p = 0.786) between the mean temperature of neoplastic (33.71°C ± 1.86) and healthy (33.54°C ± 1.59) glands. There was a negative and moderate correlation between tumor temperature and mitotic index (ρ = -0.52 p = 0.049). However, no correlation was detected between mammary temperature and tumor volume (p = 0.10). Although thermography allowed no distinction between neoplastic and healthy mammary glands in bitches, it may be promising to assess the proliferative rate of tumors. In addition, malignant neoplasms may be more often hypothermic than healthy tissue.(AU)

Os tumores mamários apresentam alta prevalência em cadelas e mulheres, sendo relacionados a elevadas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Para a espécie humana, a termografia tem se destacado como ferramenta diagnóstica do câncer de mama. Entretanto, o seu benefício clínico em cadelas permanece desconhecido. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi ava-liar a aplicabilidade diagnóstica da termografia infravermelha para os tumores mamários caninos, bem como correlacionar a temperatura tumoral com o índice mitótico e volume tumoral. Foram capturadas imagens termográficas e digitais de oito cadelas com neoplasias mamárias. Os termogramas foram inseridos no software FLIR tools e analisou-se a temperatura de 15 mamas tumorais e 15 hígidas da cadeia mamária contralateral. Não houve diferença significativa (p = 0,786) entre a tempera-tura média das glândulas neoplásicas (33,71°C ± 1,86) e saudáveis (33,54°C ± 1,59). Houve correlação negativa e moderada entre a temperatura tumoral e índice mitótico (ρ = -0,52 p = 0,049). Entretanto, não foi observada correlação entre tempe-ratura e volume tumoral (p = 0,10). Apesar da termografia não ter permitido a diferenciação das mamas neoplásicas e saudá-veis de cadelas, ela pode ser uma forma promissora para avaliação da taxa proliferativa dos tumores. Além disso, as neoplasias malignas podem apresentar-se mais frequentemente hipotérmicas em relação ao tecido saudável.(AU)

Marek's disease in roosters in the Potiguar semi-arid region

Background: Marek's disease (MD) is a transmissible disease in chickens caused by Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2). The infection is characterized by lymphocyte cellular infiltrates in peripheral nerves and other organs and tissues, including the skin; which can lead to dysfunction causing progressive asymmetric paresis and complete spastic paralysis of body extremities. Dermatitis and cardiac myositis caused by GaHV-2 in free-range chickens has rarely been described in Brazil. This reports the occurrence of the disease with a confirmatory molecular diagnosis in free-range poultry showing signs of dermatitis, poor performance, and cachexia and no mortality in the semi-arid Potiguar region. Cases: Twenty roosters of the Shamo lineage, among a brood of 42 birds, had a history of progressive weight loss and skin lesions. Two birds with poor body condition, erythema, and scaling of the skin in the head and cervical regions were sent for clinical care. All birds were between 12 and 18 months of age and were vaccinated against Newcastle disease and Fowlpox with only a few receiving vaccines against MD and Gumboro disease. According to the owner's report, some birds were previously kept outdoors, and when they were transferred to a small shed with little air circulation, they began to develop clinical signs after approximately 15 days. The first signs of the disease were also reported to have appeared 2.5 months before clinical care and, in the meantime, several treatments were instituted without success. Owing to the general condition of the animals and inconclusive clinical suspicion, the birds were subjected to euthanasia and necropsy. Tissue samples were collected for histopathological and polymerase chain reaction analyses to search for the GaHV-2 DNA meq gene. The main clinicopathological findings were erythema (47%, 20/42) and desquamation of skin and mild, prominent white multifocal areas in the heart. Histopathology revealed infiltration of pleomorphic lymphoblastic cells in the skin, heart, and sciatic nerve. The amplification of the L-meq and meq oncoprotein genes in these organs and in the liver, confirmed the infection by GaHV-2, consistent with that of a field strain. Discussion: MD was confirmed based on the macroscopic and histological lesions, and with the detection of GaHV-2 DNA in the affected tissues. The unusual clinical presentation represented an initial challenge for diagnosis. The clinical history was important to lead to the suspicion of MD, as roosters initiated clinical signs 15 days after they were transferred to a small shed with poor air circulation. This probably favored the high viral concentration and disease transmission among susceptible birds in the brood because the feather follicle is the primary site of viral replication for transmission; and desquamation of infected epithelial cells favor airborne horizontal transmission to susceptible chickens. The roosters had not been vaccinated against MD, which probably favored the infection, as vaccination is known to be a fundamental approach for MD control for effective growth of the poultry industry. Clinical findings and lesions, together with viral molecular detection, were fundamental for the diagnosis, a premise for the application of adequate prevention and control measures for the disease in breeding. This is the first report of MD with a confirmatory molecular diagnosis in northeastern Brazil.

Histomoníase em pavão (Pavo cristatus) no semiárido potiguar / Histomoniasis in peacock (Pavo cristatus) in the Potiguar semiarid

Background: Histomoniasis is a disease caused by Histomonas meleagridis, a flagellated protozoan that can cause severenecrotizing hepatitis and typhlitis in several bird species. The disease has a cosmopolitan distribution. In experimentalinfection, peacocks (Pavo spp.) showed susceptibility to histomoniasis, however there are few reports on natural histomoniasis in this species. In northeastern Brazil, reports about its occurrence in avian species are scarce and nonexistent inpeacocks. Therefore, this report aims to describe the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of a histomoniasiscase in a peacock (Pavo cristatus) in the Brazilian semiarid region.Case: A 3-month-old male peacock with a history of apathy and anorexia was attended in the Veterinary Hospital of theUniversidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The animal was raised extensively in a farmwithout basic sanitary measures, also with a history of living with animals of different species. After clinical examination, inwhich intense apathy and weight loss were confirmed, the bird was submitted to emergency therapeutic measures, howeverthere was no clinical improvement and the bird died. At necropsy, intense diffuse bilateral necrotizing typhlitis and multifocalto coalescent necrotizing hepatitis were observed. Fragments of the organs were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalinfor histopathological analysis and cecal content were collected for microbiological analysis. Histopathology of the cecumrevealed transmural necrotizing typhlitis associated with myriads of trophozoites morphologically compatible with Histomonasmeleagridis. The same microorganisms were observed in association with necrotizing hepatitis lesions, which allowed thediagnosis of histomoniasis. Also, the bacterium Pantoea agglomerans was isolated from the cecal content...

Histomoníase em pavão (Pavo cristatus) no semiárido potiguar / Histomoniasis in peacock (Pavo cristatus) in the Potiguar semiarid

Background: Histomoniasis is a disease caused by Histomonas meleagridis, a flagellated protozoan that can cause severenecrotizing hepatitis and typhlitis in several bird species. The disease has a cosmopolitan distribution. In experimentalinfection, peacocks (Pavo spp.) showed susceptibility to histomoniasis, however there are few reports on natural histomoniasis in this species. In northeastern Brazil, reports about its occurrence in avian species are scarce and nonexistent inpeacocks. Therefore, this report aims to describe the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of a histomoniasiscase in a peacock (Pavo cristatus) in the Brazilian semiarid region.Case: A 3-month-old male peacock with a history of apathy and anorexia was attended in the Veterinary Hospital of theUniversidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The animal was raised extensively in a farmwithout basic sanitary measures, also with a history of living with animals of different species. After clinical examination, inwhich intense apathy and weight loss were confirmed, the bird was submitted to emergency therapeutic measures, howeverthere was no clinical improvement and the bird died. At necropsy, intense diffuse bilateral necrotizing typhlitis and multifocalto coalescent necrotizing hepatitis were observed. Fragments of the organs were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalinfor histopathological analysis and cecal content were collected for microbiological analysis. Histopathology of the cecumrevealed transmural necrotizing typhlitis associated with myriads of trophozoites morphologically compatible with Histomonasmeleagridis. The same microorganisms were observed in association with necrotizing hepatitis lesions, which allowed thediagnosis of histomoniasis. Also, the bacterium Pantoea agglomerans was isolated from the cecal content...(AU)

Molecular, serological, and parasitological detection of Babesia vogeli in dogs in the state of Piauí, Brazil / Detecção molecular, sorológica e parasitológica de Babesia vogeli em cães do estado do Piauí, Brasil

Studies on canine babesiosis in northeastern Brazil are scarce, although the weather conditions in this region are favorable for the development of the tick vector. This study determined the prevalence of Babesia vogeli in dogs sampled in Teresina, state of Piauí, northeast Brazil, using direct and indirect diagnostic methods and performed a phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA sequences. A total of 315 dogs were screened during routine care regardless of clinical suspicion. Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture to perform indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for parasite screening in peripheral blood smears. Positivity was 2.2% (7/315) by microscopy, 4.8% (15/315) by PCR, and 48.6% (153/315) by IFA. PCR amplified a 602-bp fragment of the piroplasmid 18S rRNA gene, and sequence alignment and analysis revealed 99% homology with B. vogeli isolates from other regions of Brazil and other countries. In addition, there was high variability among sequences from other northeast states of Brazil. This study is the first to perform the molecular analysis of B. vogeli in Piauí. The results demonstrate that canine babesiosis is endemic in dogs sampled in Teresina and that PCR may be the method of choice to perform parasite screening in this region.

Estudos sobre a babesiose canina são escassos no Nordeste do Brasil, apesar das condições climáticas favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do carrapato vetor. Esta pesquisa objetivou determinar a ocorrência de Babesia vogeli em cães amostrados em Teresina, estado do Piauí, região Meio Norte do Brasil, através de métodos diretos e indiretos de diagnóstico, além de realizar análise filogenética das sequências 18S rRNA de piroplasmídeos obtidas no estudo. Foram avaliados 315 cães atendidos em clínicas veterinárias, sob qualquer suspeita clínica. Desses animais, foi colhido sangue por venopunção jugular para Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR). Além disso, esfregaços de sangue periférico foram realizados para pesquisa direta do parasita. A positividade dos animais foi de 2,2% (7/315) ao esfregaço sanguíneo, 4,8% (15/315) à PCR e 48,6% (153/315) à RIFI. O sequenciamento de amostras positivas à PCR resultou em um fragmento de 602 pb do gene 18S rRNA de piroplasmídeos, cujo alinhamento e análise da sequência revelaram 99% de homologia com isolados de B. vogeli de outras regiões do Brasil, além de outros países. É interessante ressaltar que, comparando isolados em diferentes estados do Nordeste, a homologia pode ser bastante variável. Esses são os primeiros resultados sobre a análise molecular de B. vogeli no Estado do Piauí. Além disso, este estudo demonstra que a babesiose canina é endêmica em cães de Teresina, Nordeste do Brasil, e que a PCR pode ser o método de escolha para diagnóstico da doença nessas áreas.

Molecular, serological, and parasitological detection of Babesia vogeli in dogs in the state of Piauí, Brazil / Detecção molecular, sorológica e parasitológica de Babesia vogeli em cães do estado do Piauí, Brasil

Studies on canine babesiosis in northeastern Brazil are scarce, although the weather conditions in this region are favorable for the development of the tick vector. This study determined the prevalence of Babesia vogeli in dogs sampled in Teresina, state of Piauí, northeast Brazil, using direct and indirect diagnostic methods and performed a phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA sequences. A total of 315 dogs were screened during routine care regardless of clinical suspicion. Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture to perform indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for parasite screening in peripheral blood smears. Positivity was 2.2% (7/315) by microscopy, 4.8% (15/315) by PCR, and 48.6% (153/315) by IFA. PCR amplified a 602-bp fragment of the piroplasmid 18S rRNA gene, and sequence alignment and analysis revealed 99% homology with B. vogeli isolates from other regions of Brazil and other countries. In addition, there was high variability among sequences from other northeast states of Brazil. This study is the first to perform the molecular analysis of B. vogeli in Piauí. The results demonstrate that canine babesiosis is endemic in dogs sampled in Teresina and that PCR may be the method of choice to perform parasite screening in this region.(AU)

Estudos sobre a babesiose canina são escassos no Nordeste do Brasil, apesar das condições climáticas favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do carrapato vetor. Esta pesquisa objetivou determinar a ocorrência de Babesia vogeli em cães amostrados em Teresina, estado do Piauí, região Meio Norte do Brasil, através de métodos diretos e indiretos de diagnóstico, além de realizar análise filogenética das sequências 18S rRNA de piroplasmídeos obtidas no estudo. Foram avaliados 315 cães atendidos em clínicas veterinárias, sob qualquer suspeita clínica. Desses animais, foi colhido sangue por venopunção jugular para Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR). Além disso, esfregaços de sangue periférico foram realizados para pesquisa direta do parasita. A positividade dos animais foi de 2,2% (7/315) ao esfregaço sanguíneo, 4,8% (15/315) à PCR e 48,6% (153/315) à RIFI. O sequenciamento de amostras positivas à PCR resultou em um fragmento de 602 pb do gene 18S rRNA de piroplasmídeos, cujo alinhamento e análise da sequência revelaram 99% de homologia com isolados de B. vogeli de outras regiões do Brasil, além de outros países. É interessante ressaltar que, comparando isolados em diferentes estados do Nordeste, a homologia pode ser bastante variável. Esses são os primeiros resultados sobre a análise molecular de B. vogeli no Estado do Piauí. Além disso, este estudo demonstra que a babesiose canina é endêmica em cães de Teresina, Nordeste do Brasil, e que a PCR pode ser o método de escolha para diagnóstico da doença nessas áreas.(AU)

Miopatia em frangos de corte

corte tornou-se mais frequente nos últimos anos, refletindo diretamente em perdas econômicas para o setor produtivo 15,17.A miopatia peitoral profunda, também conhecida como doença do músculo verde ou miopatia degenerativa do supracoroideus, é limitada ao músculo peitoral menor. A miopatia da sestriações brancas envolve o músculo peitoral maior e os músculos das pernas e coxas 5,17. A miopatia do músculo grande dorsal, em alguns frangos, foi observada conjuntamente com a miopatia peitoral profunda.

Miopatia em frangos de corte

corte tornou-se mais frequente nos últimos anos, refletindo diretamente em perdas econômicas para o setor produtivo 15,17.A miopatia peitoral profunda, também conhecida como doença do músculo verde ou miopatia degenerativa do supracoroideus, é limitada ao músculo peitoral menor. A miopatia da sestriações brancas envolve o músculo peitoral maior e os músculos das pernas e coxas 5,17. A miopatia do músculo grande dorsal, em alguns frangos, foi observada conjuntamente com a miopatia peitoral profunda.

Colibacilose em aves comerciais

A colibacilose é uma doença de grande relevância econômica na avicultura mundial por ser uma das principais causas de queda na produtividade, custos com tratamento e condenação de carcaças de aves 15,17. O termo “colibacilose”refere-se a qualquer infecção localizada ou sistêmica causada por Escherichia coli patogênica aviária (Avian PathogenicEscherichia coli, APEC)5.

Colibacilose em aves comerciais

A colibacilose é uma doença de grande relevância econômica na avicultura mundial por ser uma das principais causas de queda na produtividade, custos com tratamento e condenação de carcaças de aves 15,17. O termo “colibacilose”refere-se a qualquer infecção localizada ou sistêmica causada por Escherichia coli patogênica aviária (Avian PathogenicEscherichia coli, APEC)5.

Collared Pecary (Tayassu tajacu) as a new model of renal ischemic injury induced by clamping the renal artery

PURPOSE:The use of the collared peccary as an experimental model for ischemic nephropathy.METHODS:A total of 12 collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) was used and ischemic nephropathy was induced in six of these animals that constituted the experimental group (G1) while the other six formed the control group (G2). Ischemic nephropathy was induced surgically by partial occlusion of the left renal artery. The disease course was assessed by hematological tests, serum chemistry, urinalysis, ultrasound (US) and doppler ultrasound function of the renal artery before induction, and at five, 10, 15 and 20 days after surgery. Twenty days after the occlusion, unilateral nephrectomy and histopathological examination were performed to assess renal morphology.RESULTS:Statistical analysis by Fischer's test showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the control group and the experimental group. The histopathological examination showed glomerular, tubular and interstitial lesions. In the experimental group, 83.3% (5 /6) showed moderate renal lesions and only 16.7% (1/6) were classified with no lesions. The ultrasound examination of the right kidney presented statistical difference between day 5 and day 10 post occlusion.CONCLUSION:The collared peccary as a good experimental model for ischemic renal disease, because it could be manipulated during the research time without death, with health conditions that permit any subsequent procedure for disease therapy.(AU)

Babesiose canina: uma visão geral da doença / Canine babesiosis: an overview

A babesiose canina é uma doença hemolítica transmitida por carrapatos, causada pelos agentes Babesia gibsoni e Babesia canis, com este englobando as subespécies B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis e B. canis rossi. Estas espécies e subespécies são transmitidas por carrapatos vetores distintos exibindo patogenicidade variável, o que tem influenciado nas síndromes clínicas exibidas pelos animais acometidos, assim como alguns fatores inerentes aos cães infectados. Essas diversidades morfológicas, epidemiológicas e patogenéticas dos agentes têm contribuído para as variações na distribuição e apresentação clínico-patológica da enfermidade e dificultado o diagnóstico da doença. Diante disso, esta revisão tem por objetivo expor os aspectos etiológicos, epidemiológicos, imunológicos e clínico-patológicos, como também os métodos disponíveis para diagnóstico da babesiose canina.

Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Babesia gibsoni and Babesia canis, comprising of the subspecies B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis and B. canis rossi. These species and subspecies have distinct tick vectors and display distinct pathogenic variables, which may infl uence the clinical syndromes exhibited by affected animals, besides factors inherent to the infected dog. These morphological, epidemiological and pathogenetic differences of the agents have contributed to variations in the distribution and clinical presentation of the disorder. Therefore, this review aims to expose the etiological, epidemiological, immunological and clinicalpathological features, as well as the methods available for diagnosis of canine babesiosis.

Babesiose canina: uma visão geral da doença / Canine babesiosis: an overview

A babesiose canina é uma doença hemolítica transmitida por carrapatos, causada pelos agentes Babesia gibsoni e Babesia canis, com este englobando as subespécies B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis e B. canis rossi. Estas espécies e subespécies são transmitidas por carrapatos vetores distintos exibindo patogenicidade variável, o que tem influenciado nas síndromes clínicas exibidas pelos animais acometidos, assim como alguns fatores inerentes aos cães infectados. Essas diversidades morfológicas, epidemiológicas e patogenéticas dos agentes têm contribuído para as variações na distribuição e apresentação clínico-patológica da enfermidade e dificultado o diagnóstico da doença. Diante disso, esta revisão tem por objetivo expor os aspectos etiológicos, epidemiológicos, imunológicos e clínico-patológicos, como também os métodos disponíveis para diagnóstico da babesiose canina.(AU)

Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Babesia gibsoni and Babesia canis, comprising of the subspecies B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis and B. canis rossi. These species and subspecies have distinct tick vectors and display distinct pathogenic variables, which may infl uence the clinical syndromes exhibited by affected animals, besides factors inherent to the infected dog. These morphological, epidemiological and pathogenetic differences of the agents have contributed to variations in the distribution and clinical presentation of the disorder. Therefore, this review aims to expose the etiological, epidemiological, immunological and clinicalpathological features, as well as the methods available for diagnosis of canine babesiosis.(AU)

Surto de raiva em bovinos no Estado do Piauí, Brasil / Outbreak of rabies in cattle of Piauí state, Brazil

Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um surto de raiva ocorrido em bovinos da bacia leiteira de Parnaíba, Piauí. Um total de 127 animais veio a óbito com sintomatologia nervosa. Três animais foram necropsiados e amostras de encéfalo e cerebelo foram colhidas para realização de Imunofluorescência Direta (RIFD), Prova Biológica em Camundongo (PBC) e exame histopatológico. Além disto, 16 morcegos Desmodus rotundus) foram capturados na propriedade e em cavernas circunvizinhas e submetidos à RIFD e PBC. As amostras provenientes dos bovinos e morcegos foram positivas à RIFD e PBC. Além disso; o exame histopatológico das amostras bovinas revelou lesões compatíveis com a doença. Este trabalho relata o primeiro surto de raiva em bovinos da bacia leiteira do Estado do Piauí e demonstra a necessidade de adoção de medidas de prevenção e controle da raiva em locais onde há morcegos hematófagos.

This paper aims to report an outbreak of rabies in cattle of dairy region of Parnaíba, Piauí. A total of 127 animals died with neurological symptoms. Three animals were necropsied and samples from brain and cerebellum were collected to perform Direct Immunofluorescence Test (DFAT) and Biological Test in Mice (BTM). Moreover, 16 bats (Desmodus rotundus) were captured on the property and surrounding caves and, then, submitted to DFAT and BTM. The samples from bovines and bats were positive by DFAT and BTM. In addition, the histopathological examination of bovine samples revealed lesions compatibles with the disease. This work reports the first outbreak of rabies in cattle in the dairy region of Piauí and demonstrates the need to adopt measures to prevent and control rabies in places where there are hematophagous bats.

Surto de raiva em bovinos no Estado do Piauí, Brasil / Outbreak of rabies in cattle of Piauí state, Brazil

Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um surto de raiva ocorrido em bovinos da bacia leiteira de Parnaíba, Piauí. Um total de 127 animais veio a óbito com sintomatologia nervosa. Três animais foram necropsiados e amostras de encéfalo e cerebelo foram colhidas para realização de Imunofluorescência Direta (RIFD), Prova Biológica em Camundongo (PBC) e exame histopatológico. Além disto, 16 morcegos Desmodus rotundus) foram capturados na propriedade e em cavernas circunvizinhas e submetidos à RIFD e PBC. As amostras provenientes dos bovinos e morcegos foram positivas à RIFD e PBC. Além disso; o exame histopatológico das amostras bovinas revelou lesões compatíveis com a doença. Este trabalho relata o primeiro surto de raiva em bovinos da bacia leiteira do Estado do Piauí e demonstra a necessidade de adoção de medidas de prevenção e controle da raiva em locais onde há morcegos hematófagos.(AU)

This paper aims to report an outbreak of rabies in cattle of dairy region of Parnaíba, Piauí. A total of 127 animals died with neurological symptoms. Three animals were necropsied and samples from brain and cerebellum were collected to perform Direct Immunofluorescence Test (DFAT) and Biological Test in Mice (BTM). Moreover, 16 bats (Desmodus rotundus) were captured on the property and surrounding caves and, then, submitted to DFAT and BTM. The samples from bovines and bats were positive by DFAT and BTM. In addition, the histopathological examination of bovine samples revealed lesions compatibles with the disease. This work reports the first outbreak of rabies in cattle in the dairy region of Piauí and demonstrates the need to adopt measures to prevent and control rabies in places where there are hematophagous bats.(AU)