Maintenance of quality of eggs submitted to treatment with propolis extract and sanitizers

This study aimed to evaluate the internal and microbiological quality of eggs submitted to different types of shell treatments. One hundred and forty-four fresh red eggs were distributed in a scheme of 4 treatments (no washing; washing and immersion in chlorine; washing and immersion in peracetic acid; and washing and spraying of propolis extract) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days), stored at 25°C, in each period 6 eggs per treatment were analyzed. The parameters to assess were: weight loss; shell weight; yolk weight; albumen weight, yolk diameter; yolk height; albumen height and Haugh unit (HU). The microbiological quality of eggs was evaluated at 35 days through analysis for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and molds and yeasts. The treatment with propolis extract was the only effective one to maintain the high HU quality of the eggs until 21 days of storage at 25°C and was effective against microbiological contamination of all bacterial groups. The results presented showed greater effectiveness of the propolis extract for maintenance of internal and microbiological quality of eggs, it can be an alternative product to chemical sanitizers.(AU)

Maintenance of quality of eggs submitted to treatment with propolis extract and sanitizers

This study aimed to evaluate the internal and microbiological quality of eggs submitted to different types of shell treatments. One hundred and forty-four fresh red eggs were distributed in a scheme of 4 treatments (no washing; washing and immersion in chlorine; washing and immersion in peracetic acid; and washing and spraying of propolis extract) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28,and 35 days), stored at 25°C, in each period 6 eggs per treatment were analyzed. The parameters to assess were: weight loss; shell weight; yolk weight; albumen weight, yolk diameter; yolk height; albumen height and Haugh unit (HU). The microbiological quality of eggs was evaluated at 35 days through analysis for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcusspp., Salmonellaspp. and molds and yeasts. The treatment with propolis extract was the only effective one to maintain the high HU quality of the eggs until 21 days of storage at 25°C and was effective against microbiological contamination of all bacterial groups. The results presented showed greater effectiveness of the propolis extract for maintenance of internal and microbiological quality of eggs, it can be an alternativeproduct to chemical sanitizers.(AU)

Maintenance of quality of eggs submitted to treatment with propolis extract and sanitizers / Maintenance of quality of eggs submitted to treatment with propolis extract and sanitizers

This study aimed to evaluate the internal and microbiological quality of eggs submitted to different types of shell treatments. One hundred and forty-four fresh red eggs were distributed in a scheme of 4 treatments (no washing; washing and immersion in chlorine; washing and immersion in peracetic acid; and washing and spraying of propolis extract) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days), stored at 25°C, in each period 6 eggs per treatment were analyzed. The parameters to assess were: weight loss; shell weight; yolk weight; albumen weight, yolk diameter; yolk height; albumen height and Haugh unit (HU). The microbiological quality of eggs was evaluated at 35 days through analysis for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and molds and yeasts. The treatment with propolis extract was the only effective one to maintain the high HU quality of the eggs until 21 days of storage at 25°C and was effective against microbiological contamination of all bacterial groups. The results presented showed greater effectiveness of the propolis extract for maintenance of internal and microbiological quality of eggs, it can be an alternative product to chemical sanitizers.

This study aimed to evaluate the internal and microbiological quality of eggs submitted to different types of shell treatments. One hundred and forty-four fresh red eggs were distributed in a scheme of 4 treatments (no washing; washing and immersion in chlorine; washing and immersion in peracetic acid; and washing and spraying of propolis extract) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days), stored at 25°C, in each period 6 eggs per treatment were analyzed. The parameters to assess were: weight loss; shell weight; yolk weight; albumen weight, yolk diameter; yolk height; albumen height and Haugh unit (HU). The microbiological quality of eggs was evaluated at 35 days through analysis for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and molds and yeasts. The treatment with propolis extract was the only effective one to maintain the high HU quality of the eggs until 21 days of storage at 25°C and was effective against microbiological contamination of all bacterial groups. The results presented showed greater effectiveness of the propolis extract for maintenance of internal and microbiological quality of eggs, it can be an alternative product to chemical sanitizers.

Utilização de níveis crescentes de farelo de raiz de mandioca na dieta de frangos de corte / Utilization of increasing levels of cassava root meal in the diet of broiler

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da utilização de níveis crescentes do farelo de raiz de mandioca (FRM) na ração de frangos de corte sob o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaças, cortes e vísceras, no período 10 a 42 dias de vida. Foi realizado um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. A unidade experimental foi representada por 16 frangos machos e fêmeas da linhagem Cobb 500. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro rações com 0%, 7,5%, 15% e 22,5% de farelo de raiz de mandioca em três programas de alimentação. Aos 42 dias, quatro aves por unidade foram abatidas e avaliados o rendimento de carcaça, principais cortes e vísceras comestíveis. A inclusão dos níveis de 15% e 22,5% de FRM na dieta dos frangos influenciou negativamente no ganho de peso, no consumo e na conversão alimentar no período inicial e de crescimento das aves. O rendimento de carcaça, cortes e vísceras não foram influenciados pela dieta. Com base nos resultados obtidos, recomenda-se o uso de até 7,5% do farelo de raiz de mandioca na dieta de frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb 500, no período de 10 a 42 dias, sem comprometer o desempenho zootécnico das aves e o rendimento de carcaças, dos cortes e vísceras comestíveis.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of using increasing levels of cassava root meal in the diet of broilers, estimated by the performance and yield of carcasses, cuts, and viscera over, in the period 10 to 42 days of life. A completely randomized design was carried out, with four treatments and four repetitions. The experimental unit consisted of 16 male and female Cobb 500 chickens (a total of 256 birds) that were 10 to 42 days old. The treatments consisted of four diets with 0%, 7.5%, 15%, and 22.5% of cassava root meal (CRM) in three feeding programs. At 42 days old, four birds per unit were slaughtered and the carcass yield, main cuts, and edible viscera were evaluated. The inclusion of levels of 15% and 22.5% of CRM in the diet of broiler had a negative influence on weight gain, food consumption, and feed conversion in the initial period and in the overall growth of the birds. Carcass yield, cuts, and viscera were not influenced by the diet. Based on the results, it is recommended that a maximum of 7.5% of the cassava root bran may be used in the diet of broilers of the Cobb 500 strain, over 10 to 42 days, without compromising the zootechnical performance of the birds or the yield of edible carcasses, cuts, and viscera.

Utilization of increasing levels of cassava root meal in the diet of broiler / Utilização de níveis crescentes de farelo de raiz de mandioca na dieta de frangos de corte

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of using increasing levels of cassava root meal in the diet of broilers, estimated by the performance and yield of carcasses, cuts, and viscera over, in the period 10 to 42 days of life. A completely randomized design was carried out, with four treatments and four repetitions. The experimental unit consisted of 16 male and female Cobb 500 chickens (a total of 256 birds) that were 10 to 42 days old. The treatments consisted of four diets with 0%, 7.5%, 15%, and 22.5% of cassava root meal (CRM) in three feeding programs. At 42 days old, four birds per unit were slaughtered and the carcass yield, main cuts, and edible viscera were evaluated. The inclusion of levels of 15% and 22.5% of CRM in the diet of broiler had a negative influence on weight gain, food consumption, and feed conversion in the initial period and in the overall growth of the birds. Carcass yield, cuts, and viscera were not influenced by the diet. Based on the results, it is recommended that a maximum of 7.5% of the cassava root bran may be used in the diet of broilers of the Cobb 500 strain, over 10 to 42 days, without compromising the zootechnical performance of the birds or the yield of edible carcasses, cuts, and viscera.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da utilização de níveis crescentes do farelo de raiz de mandioca (FRM) na ração de frangos de corte sob o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaças, cortes e vísceras, no período 10 a 42 dias de vida. Foi realizado um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. A unidade experimental foi representada por 16 frangos machos e fêmeas da linhagem Cobb 500. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro rações com 0%, 7,5%, 15% e 22,5% de farelo de raiz de mandioca em três programas de alimentação. Aos 42 dias, quatro aves por unidade foram abatidas e avaliados o rendimento de carcaça, principais cortes e vísceras comestíveis. A inclusão dos níveis de 15% e 22,5% de FRM na dieta dos frangos influenciou negativamente no ganho de peso, no consumo e na conversão alimentar no período inicial e de crescimento das aves. O rendimento de carcaça, cortes e vísceras não foram influenciados pela dieta. Com base nos resultados obtidos, recomenda-se o uso de até 7,5% do farelo de raiz de mandioca na dieta de frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb 500, no período de 10 a 42 dias, sem comprometer o desempenho zootécnico das aves e o rendimento de carcaças, dos cortes e vísceras comestíveis.

Sources of paratyphoid Salmonella in the production chain of broilers in the Northern mesoregion of Maranhão State, Brazil / Fontes de salmonelas paratíficas na cadeia produtiva de frangos de corte da mesorregião Norte do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil

Paratyphoid Salmonella significantly impacts modern poultry farming, because it is one of the main causes of foodborne diseases in the world. Efforts have been made by the government and poultry industry to reduce the existence of Salmonella in the entire poultry production chain through sanitary programs. The aim of this work was to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella spp. and its serovars in environmental sources of production, poultry, and carcasses slaughtered in an artisanal manner in the northern mesoregion of Maranhão State, Brazil. A total of 520 samples were collected, comprising drag swabs (n = 60), prope (n = 60), cecal feces (n = 60), feed of feeder (n = 60), and cloacal swabs (n = 100) of poultry sent for slaughter, and newly slaughtered carcasses (n = 180). The samples were subjected to culture and isolation of Salmonella spp. and serotyping. The occurrence of the genus Salmonella was 25.0% (15/60) in drag swabs, 16.6% (10/60) in prope, 1.7% (1/60) in cecal feces, absent (0/60) in the feed, 7% (7/100) in cloacal swabs, and 48.9% (88/180) in poultry carcasses. Fifteen Salmonella enterica serovars were identified in the samples, with the highest occurrence in the Schwarzengrund (28.09%; 34/121), Albany (19.83%; 24/121), Enteritidis (7.43%; 9/121), and Heidelberg (7.43%; 9/121). Salmonella ser. Schwarzengrund showed higher predominance in the poultry production chain, with greater isolation in carcass samples (34 isolates), while Salmonella ser. Enteritidis had the highest occurrence in the initial production chain. The results of our study indicate the need to implement sanitary control in farms for paratyphoid salmonella and that artisanal poultry slaughter can increase bacterial dissemination in the final product, representing a public health risk.

As salmonelas paratíficas causam grande impacto para avicultura moderna, por se tratar de uma das principais causas de doenças de origem alimentar no mundo. Há um esforço de órgãos governamentais e da indústria avícola em diminuir a presença da Salmonella em toda cadeia produtiva de aves, através de programas sanitários. O objetivo desse trabalho foi pesquisar a ocorrência da Salmonella spp. e seus sorovares em fontes ambientais de produção, em aves e em carcaças abatidas de forma artesanal na Mesorregião Norte do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Foram coletadas 240 amostras de suabe de arrasto, propé, fezes cecais e ração de comedouros, 100 amostras de suabes de cloaca de aves destinadas ao abate e 180 amostras de carcaças recém abatidas. As amostras foram submetidas a cultura e isolamento de Salmonella spp. e sorotipificação. A ocorrência do gênero Salmonella foi de 25,0% (15/60) em suabe de arrasto, 16,6% (10/60) de propé, 1,7% (1/60) em fezes cecais, ausência (0/60) em ração, 7% (7/100) de suabe cloacal e 48,9% (88/180) em carcaças de frango. Foram identificados 15 sorovares de Salmonella enterica nas amostras, sendo os de maior ocorrência: Schwarzengrund (28,09%; 34/121), Albany (19,83%; 24/121), Enteritidis (7,43%; 9/121) e Heidelberg (7,43%; 9/121). Salmonella ser. Schwarzengrund apresentou maior predominância na cadeia produtiva de aves, com maior isolamento em amostras de carcaça (34 isolados) enquanto Salmonella ser. Enteritidis teve maior ocorrência na cadeia inicial de produção. Os resultados encontrados indicam a necessidade de implementação do controle sanitário nas granjas para as salmonelas paratíficas e que o abate artesanal de aves pode aumentar a disseminação da bactéria no produto final, representando risco para saúde pública.

Multidrug resistant and ESBL-producing Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry / Salmonella spp. produtora de ESBL e multirresistente a drogas isolada de frangos

Salmonella spp. is one of the main agents responsible for foodborne infection in humans, and products of poultry origin are the most common infection sources. Studies have shown the occurrence of antimicrobials resistant Salmonella spp. in animal products. The Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) are enzymes that confer to bacteria the ability to hydrolyze cephalosporin with an oximino side chain and monobactams. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance profile, identify phenotypes and genotypes for multiple drug resistance (MDR) and that produce ESBL from isolates of Salmonella spp. in the broiler production chain. We used samples of Salmonella spp. (n=11) isolates from poultry, poultry products and poultry-source environment from the state of Maranhão - Brazil. The isolates of Salmonella spp. assessed showed genotypical and phenotypical characteristics of MDR. The results show that 72.72% (08/11) of the strains presented the phenotypic profile for ESBL production. The isolates showed positivity to at least 13.64% (03/22) of the genes studied and the highest frequencies were observed in genes sul1 (73%), dfrA12 (55%), blaCTX-M (55%), tetA, tetB and tetC, with 45%. In conclusion, the strains of Salmonella spp. isolates present genotypic and phenotypic characteristics for MDR and ESBL production, demonstrating the dissemination risk of these microorganisms through the food chain.

Salmonella spp. é um dos principais agentes responsáveis por infecção de origem alimentar em humanos, sendo os produtos de origem avícola apontados como as fontes de infecção mais frequentes. Estudos demonstraram a ocorrência de Salmonella spp. resistente a antimicrobianos em produtos de origem animal. As β-lactamases de espectro extendido (ESBL) são enzimas que conferem às bactérias a capacidade de hidrolisar cefalosporinas com uma cadeia lateral oximino e monobactâmicos. Este estudo objetivou investigar o perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos, identificar fenótipos e genótipos de multirresistência a drogas (MDR), e produção de ESBL em isolados de Salmonella spp. provenientes da cadeia produtiva de frangos de corte. Foram utilizadas amostras de Salmonella spp. (n=11) isoladas de aves, produtos e ambiente de origem avícola do estado do Maranhão - Brasil. Os isolados de Salmonella spp. avaliados apresentaram resistência múltipla a drogas tanto genotípica quanto fenotipicamente. Os resultados mostram que 72,72% (08/11) das cepas apresentaram perfil fenotípico de produção de ESBL. Os isolados apresentaram positividade a pelo menos 13,64% (03/22) dos genes pesquisados, sendo as maiores frequências observadas nos genes sul1 (73%), dfrA12 (55%), blaCTX-M (55%), tetA, tetB e tetC, com 45%. Conclui-se que as cepas de Salmonella spp. isoladas apresentam características genotípicas e fenotípicas de multirresistência a drogas e produção de ESBL, demonstrando o risco de disseminação destes microrganismos ao longo da cadeia alimentar.

Sources of paratyphoid Salmonella in the production chain of broilers in the Northern mesoregion of Maranhão State, Brazil / Fontes de salmonelas paratíficas na cadeia produtiva de frangos de corte da mesorregião Norte do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil

Paratyphoid Salmonella significantly impacts modern poultry farming, because it is one of the main causes of foodborne diseases in the world. Efforts have been made by the government and poultry industry to reduce the existence of Salmonella in the entire poultry production chain through sanitary programs. The aim of this work was to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella spp. and its serovars in environmental sources of production, poultry, and carcasses slaughtered in an artisanal manner in the northern mesoregion of Maranhão State, Brazil. A total of 520 samples were collected, comprising drag swabs (n = 60), prope (n = 60), cecal feces (n = 60), feed of feeder (n = 60), and cloacal swabs (n = 100) of poultry sent for slaughter, and newly slaughtered carcasses (n = 180). The samples were subjected to culture and isolation of Salmonella spp. and serotyping. The occurrence of the genus Salmonella was 25.0% (15/60) in drag swabs, 16.6% (10/60) in prope, 1.7% (1/60) in cecal feces, absent (0/60) in the feed, 7% (7/100) in cloacal swabs, and 48.9% (88/180) in poultry carcasses. Fifteen Salmonella enterica serovars were identified in the samples, with the highest occurrence in the Schwarzengrund (28.09%; 34/121), Albany (19.83%; 24/121), Enteritidis (7.43%; 9/121), and Heidelberg (7.43%; 9/121). Salmonella ser. Schwarzengrund showed higher predominance in the poultry production chain, with greater isolation in carcass samples (34 isolates), while Salmonella ser. Enteritidis had the highest occurrence in the initial production chain. The results of our study indicate the need to implement sanitary control in farms for paratyphoid salmonella and that artisanal poultry slaughter can increase bacterial dissemination in the final product, representing a public health risk.(AU)

As salmonelas paratíficas causam grande impacto para avicultura moderna, por se tratar de uma das principais causas de doenças de origem alimentar no mundo. Há um esforço de órgãos governamentais e da indústria avícola em diminuir a presença da Salmonella em toda cadeia produtiva de aves, através de programas sanitários. O objetivo desse trabalho foi pesquisar a ocorrência da Salmonella spp. e seus sorovares em fontes ambientais de produção, em aves e em carcaças abatidas de forma artesanal na Mesorregião Norte do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Foram coletadas 240 amostras de suabe de arrasto, propé, fezes cecais e ração de comedouros, 100 amostras de suabes de cloaca de aves destinadas ao abate e 180 amostras de carcaças recém abatidas. As amostras foram submetidas a cultura e isolamento de Salmonella spp. e sorotipificação. A ocorrência do gênero Salmonella foi de 25,0% (15/60) em suabe de arrasto, 16,6% (10/60) de propé, 1,7% (1/60) em fezes cecais, ausência (0/60) em ração, 7% (7/100) de suabe cloacal e 48,9% (88/180) em carcaças de frango. Foram identificados 15 sorovares de Salmonella enterica nas amostras, sendo os de maior ocorrência: Schwarzengrund (28,09%; 34/121), Albany (19,83%; 24/121), Enteritidis (7,43%; 9/121) e Heidelberg (7,43%; 9/121). Salmonella ser. Schwarzengrund apresentou maior predominância na cadeia produtiva de aves, com maior isolamento em amostras de carcaça (34 isolados) enquanto Salmonella ser. Enteritidis teve maior ocorrência na cadeia inicial de produção. Os resultados encontrados indicam a necessidade de implementação do controle sanitário nas granjas para as salmonelas paratíficas e que o abate artesanal de aves pode aumentar a disseminação da bactéria no produto final, representando risco para saúde pública.(AU)

Multidrug resistant and ESBL-producing Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry / Salmonella spp. produtora de ESBL e multirresistente a drogas isolada de frangos

Salmonella spp. is one of the main agents responsible for foodborne infection in humans, and products of poultry origin are the most common infection sources. Studies have shown the occurrence of antimicrobials resistant Salmonella spp. in animal products. The Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) are enzymes that confer to bacteria the ability to hydrolyze cephalosporin with an oximino side chain and monobactams. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance profile, identify phenotypes and genotypes for multiple drug resistance (MDR) and that produce ESBL from isolates of Salmonella spp. in the broiler production chain. We used samples of Salmonella spp. (n=11) isolates from poultry, poultry products and poultry-source environment from the state of Maranhão - Brazil. The isolates of Salmonella spp. assessed showed genotypical and phenotypical characteristics of MDR. The results show that 72.72% (08/11) of the strains presented the phenotypic profile for ESBL production. The isolates showed positivity to at least 13.64% (03/22) of the genes studied and the highest frequencies were observed in genes sul1 (73%), dfrA12 (55%), blaCTX-M (55%), tetA, tetB and tetC, with 45%. In conclusion, the strains of Salmonella spp. isolates present genotypic and phenotypic characteristics for MDR and ESBL production, demonstrating the dissemination risk of these microorganisms through the food chain.(AU)

Salmonella spp. é um dos principais agentes responsáveis por infecção de origem alimentar em humanos, sendo os produtos de origem avícola apontados como as fontes de infecção mais frequentes. Estudos demonstraram a ocorrência de Salmonella spp. resistente a antimicrobianos em produtos de origem animal. As β-lactamases de espectro extendido (ESBL) são enzimas que conferem às bactérias a capacidade de hidrolisar cefalosporinas com uma cadeia lateral oximino e monobactâmicos. Este estudo objetivou investigar o perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos, identificar fenótipos e genótipos de multirresistência a drogas (MDR), e produção de ESBL em isolados de Salmonella spp. provenientes da cadeia produtiva de frangos de corte. Foram utilizadas amostras de Salmonella spp. (n=11) isoladas de aves, produtos e ambiente de origem avícola do estado do Maranhão - Brasil. Os isolados de Salmonella spp. avaliados apresentaram resistência múltipla a drogas tanto genotípica quanto fenotipicamente. Os resultados mostram que 72,72% (08/11) das cepas apresentaram perfil fenotípico de produção de ESBL. Os isolados apresentaram positividade a pelo menos 13,64% (03/22) dos genes pesquisados, sendo as maiores frequências observadas nos genes sul1 (73%), dfrA12 (55%), blaCTX-M (55%), tetA, tetB e tetC, com 45%. Conclui-se que as cepas de Salmonella spp. isoladas apresentam características genotípicas e fenotípicas de multirresistência a drogas e produção de ESBL, demonstrando o risco de disseminação destes microrganismos ao longo da cadeia alimentar.(AU)

Desempenho produtivo e rendimento de carcaça de frangos criados em diferentes materiais de cama aviária / Productive performance and carcass yield of boilers reared on different materials of poultry liitter

A cama de aviário é um aspecto de enorme relevância para a avicultura de corte, por influenciar tanto no desempenho zootécnico das aves como nas características de carcaça. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho produtivo e o rendimento de carcaça e de vísceras de frangos criados em diferentes materiais de cama aviária. No experimento, foram avaliados 192 pintos, da linhagem Ag Ross, a partir dos 10 dias de vida, distribuídos em 16 unidades experimentais, com 12 aves em cada parcela. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro materiais de cama (maravalha, capim elefante seco, casca de arroz e areia), com quatro repetições cada. Aos 42 dias de vida, as aves foram pesadas, abatidas e evisceradas. Foram calculados os parâmetros de peso médio, ganho de peso, consumo alimentar, conversão alimentar, viabilidade, rendimento de carcaça e das vísceras comestíveis (coração, moela e fígado). Entre os materiais de cama testados, não houve diferenças significativas nos parâmetros avaliados, porém o ganho de peso das aves criadas em cama de areia foi significativamente superior em relação às aves criadas em cama de capim elefante seco. Concluiu-se que a maravalha, a casca de arroz, o capim elefante seco e a areia podem ser usados como material de cama aviária para frangos de corte sem influenciar no desempenho produtivo e nos rendimentos de carcaça e vísceras comestíveis

The litter is an aspect of great importance for poultry production because it affects both birds's performance and carcass characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate performance and carcass and viscera yields of broilers raised on different materials of poultry litter. In the experiment, we used 192 chicks of Ag Ross strain, from 10 days of age, distributed into 16 experimental units, with 12 birds each plot. Treatments consisted of four bedding materials (wood shavings, dry elephant grass, rice husk and sand), with four replicates each. At 42 days of age, birds were weighed, slaughtered and eviscerated. Then, we calculated the parameters of weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, viability, carcass and viscera yield (heart, gizzard and liver). Among the bedding materials tested, there were no significant differences in parameters; however, weight gain of birds reared on sand was significantly higher compared to birds reared on dry elephant grass bed. In conclusion, wood shavings, rice husk, dry elephant grass, and sand may be used as litter material for broilers without affecting the productive performance and the yield of carcass and edible offal

Desempenho produtivo e rendimento de carcaça de frangos criados em diferentes materiais de cama aviária / Productive performance and carcass yield of boilers reared on different materials of poultry liitter

A cama de aviário é um aspecto de enorme relevância para a avicultura de corte, por influenciar tanto no desempenho zootécnico das aves como nas características de carcaça. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho produtivo e o rendimento de carcaça e de vísceras de frangos criados em diferentes materiais de cama aviária. No experimento, foram avaliados 192 pintos, da linhagem Ag Ross, a partir dos 10 dias de vida, distribuídos em 16 unidades experimentais, com 12 aves em cada parcela. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro materiais de cama (maravalha, capim elefante seco, casca de arroz e areia), com quatro repetições cada. Aos 42 dias de vida, as aves foram pesadas, abatidas e evisceradas. Foram calculados os parâmetros de peso médio, ganho de peso, consumo alimentar, conversão alimentar, viabilidade, rendimento de carcaça e das vísceras comestíveis (coração, moela e fígado). Entre os materiais de cama testados, não houve diferenças significativas nos parâmetros avaliados, porém o ganho de peso das aves criadas em cama de areia foi significativamente superior em relação às aves criadas em cama de capim elefante seco. Concluiu-se que a maravalha, a casca de arroz, o capim elefante seco e a areia podem ser usados como material de cama aviária para frangos de corte sem influenciar no desempenho produtivo e nos rendimentos de carcaça e vísceras comestíveis(AU)

The litter is an aspect of great importance for poultry production because it affects both birds's performance and carcass characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate performance and carcass and viscera yields of broilers raised on different materials of poultry litter. In the experiment, we used 192 chicks of Ag Ross strain, from 10 days of age, distributed into 16 experimental units, with 12 birds each plot. Treatments consisted of four bedding materials (wood shavings, dry elephant grass, rice husk and sand), with four replicates each. At 42 days of age, birds were weighed, slaughtered and eviscerated. Then, we calculated the parameters of weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, viability, carcass and viscera yield (heart, gizzard and liver). Among the bedding materials tested, there were no significant differences in parameters; however, weight gain of birds reared on sand was significantly higher compared to birds reared on dry elephant grass bed. In conclusion, wood shavings, rice husk, dry elephant grass, and sand may be used as litter material for broilers without affecting the productive performance and the yield of carcass and edible offal(AU)

DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO E RENDIMENTO DE CARCAÇA DE FRANGOS CRIADOS EM DIFERENTES MATERIAIS DE CAMA AVIÁRIA

Abstract The litter is an aspect of great importance for poultry production because it affects both birds's performance and carcass characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate performance and carcass and viscera yields of broilers raised on different materials of poultry litter. In the experiment, we used 192 chicks of Ag Ross strain, from 10 days of age, distributed into 16 experimental units, with 12 birds each plot. Treatments consisted of four bedding materials (wood shavings, dry elephant grass, rice husk and sand), with four replicates each. At 42 days of age, birds were weighed, slaughtered and eviscerated. Then, we calculated the parameters of weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, viability, carcass and viscera yield (heart, gizzard and liver). Among the bedding materials tested, there were no significant differences in parameters; however, weight gain of birds reared on sand was significantly higher compared to birds reared on dry elephant grass bed. In conclusion, wood shavings, rice husk, dry elephant grass, and sand may be used as litter material for broilers without affecting the productive performance and the yield of carcass and edible offal.

Resumo A cama de aviário é um aspecto de enorme relevância para a avicultura de corte, por influenciar tanto no desempenho zootécnico das aves como nas características de carcaça. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho produtivo e o rendimento de carcaça e de vísceras de frangos criados em diferentes materiais de cama aviária. No experimento, foram avaliados 192 pintos, da linhagem Ag Ross, a partir dos 10 dias de vida, distribuídos em 16 unidades experimentais, com 12 aves em cada parcela. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro materiais de cama (maravalha, capim elefante seco, casca de arroz e areia), com quatro repetições cada. Aos 42 dias de vida, as aves foram pesadas, abatidas e evisceradas. Foram calculados os parâmetros de peso médio, ganho de peso, consumo alimentar, conversão alimentar, viabilidade, rendimento de carcaça e das vísceras comestíveis (coração, moela e fígado). Entre os materiais de cama testados, não houve diferenças significativas nos parâmetros avaliados, porém o ganho de peso das aves criadas em cama de areia foi significativamente superior em relação às aves criadas em cama de capim elefante seco. Concluiu-se que a maravalha, a casca de arroz, o capim elefante seco e a areia podem ser usados como material de cama aviária para frangos de corte sem influenciar no desempenho produtivo e nos rendimentos de carcaça e vísceras comestíveis.

Maintenance of quality of eggs submitted to treatment with propolis extract and sanitizers / Maintenance of quality of eggs submitted to treatment with propolis extract and sanitizers

This study aimed to evaluate the internal and microbiological quality of eggs submitted to different types of shell treatments. One hundred and forty-four fresh red eggs were distributed in a scheme of 4 treatments (no washing; washing and immersion in chlorine; washing and immersion in peracetic acid; and washing and spraying of propolis extract) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days), stored at 25°C, in each period 6 eggs per treatment were analyzed. The parameters to assess were: weight loss; shell weight; yolk weight; albumen weight, yolk diameter; yolk height; albumen height and Haugh unit (HU). The microbiological quality of eggs was evaluated at 35 days through analysis for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and molds and yeasts. The treatment with propolis extract was the only effective one to maintain the high HU quality of the eggs until 21 days of storage at 25°C and was effective against microbiological contamination of all bacterial groups. The results presented showed greater effectiveness of the propolis extract for maintenance of internal and microbiological quality of eggs, it can be an alternative product to chemical sanitizers.

This study aimed to evaluate the internal and microbiological quality of eggs submitted to different types of shell treatments. One hundred and forty-four fresh red eggs were distributed in a scheme of 4 treatments (no washing; washing and immersion in chlorine; washing and immersion in peracetic acid; and washing and spraying of propolis extract) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days), stored at 25°C, in each period 6 eggs per treatment were analyzed. The parameters to assess were: weight loss; shell weight; yolk weight; albumen weight, yolk diameter; yolk height; albumen height and Haugh unit (HU). The microbiological quality of eggs was evaluated at 35 days through analysis for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and molds and yeasts. The treatment with propolis extract was the only effective one to maintain the high HU quality of the eggs until 21 days of storage at 25°C and was effective against microbiological contamination of all bacterial groups. The results presented showed greater effectiveness of the propolis extract for maintenance of internal and microbiological quality of eggs, it can be an alternative product to chemical sanitizers.