Resumo
The establishment of epigenetic marks during the reprogramming window is susceptible to environmental influences, and stimuli during this critical stage can cause altered DNA methylation in offspring. In a previous study, we found that low levels of sulphur and cobalt (low S/Co) in the diet offered to oocyte donors altered the DNA methylome of bovine embryos. However, due to the extensive epigenetic reprogramming that occurs during embryogenesis, we hypothesized that the different methylation regions (DMRs) identified in the blastocysts may not maintain in adulthood. Here, we aimed to characterize DMRs previously identified in embryos, in the blood and sperm of adult progenies of two groups of heifers (low S/Co and control). We used six bulls and characterized the DNA methylation levels of KDM2A, KDM5A, KMT2D, and DOT1L genes. Our results showed that all DMRs analysed in both groups and tissues were hypermethylated unlike that noticed in the embryonic methylome profiles. These results suggest that embryo DMRs were reprogrammed during the final stages of de novo methylation during embryogenesis or later in development. Therefore, due to the highly dynamic epigenetic state during early embryonic development, we suggest that is essential to validate the DMRs found in embryos in adult individuals.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos/embriologia , EpigenômicaResumo
The increasing development of DNA sequencing and genotyping technologies has made possible to analyze the genomes of several species. Genomic studies of production animals have greatly increased the understanding of mechanisms that control the interactions of genetic and environmental factors involved in the expression of traits of economic importance. Several technologies have been presented by different companies for the genotyping of low-density SNP panels, which may be used in different applications with different goals, such as paternity testing, diagnosis of genetic diseases, and identification of genetically superior animals based on polymorphisms characterized in candidate genes. The present review critically analyzes the GoldenGate Beadxpress technology and puts its use in these applications into perspective.(AU)
A crescente evolução das tecnologias de sequenciamento e genotipagem de DNA tornaram possível analisar o genoma de várias espécies, compreender suas funções dentro dos sistemas biológicos e, sobretudo, começar a entender os mecanismos que controlam as interações entre os genótipos e os efeitos ambientais que estão envolvidos com a expressão de características de interesse econômico. Várias tecnologias foram apresentadas por diferentes empresas para a genotipagem de painéis de SNP de baixa densidade, os quais podem ser utilizados em diferentes aplicações com objetivos variados, desde testes de paternidade e diagnósticos de doenças genéticas até a identificação de animais geneticamente superiores, com base em polimorfismos caracterizados em genes candidatos. Essa revisão analisa a tecnologia Goldengate Beadxpress e coloca em perspectiva seu uso nessas aplicações.(AU)