Insecticidal activity of essential oil of Cannabis sativa against the immature and adult stages of Ctenocephalides felis felis / Atividade inseticida do óleo essencial de Cannabis sativa frente aos estágios imaturos e adultos de Ctenocephalides felis felis

Essential oil (EO) of Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) was evaluated against the egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages of the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. The chemical composition of EO was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometry. EO mainly comprised γ-elemene (16.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (14.2%) as major compounds. To evaluate the mortality of flea stages in vitro, filter paper tests were performed at different concentrations. EO of C. sativa showed insecticidal activity (100% mortality at the highest concentrations) for flea control at egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages, with lethal concentrations (LC50) of 32.45; 91.61; 466.41 and 927.92 µg/cm2, respectively. EO of C. sativa indicated the potential for the development of ectoparasiticide for veterinary use, especially for fleas in egg and larval stages.(AU)

O óleo essencial (OE) de Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) foi avaliado contra os estágios de ovo, larva, pupa e adulto da pulga Ctenocephalides felis felis. A composição química do OE foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa com ionização de chama e espectrometria de massa. O OE foi composto principalmente de γ-elemeno (16,2%) e óxido de cariofileno (14,2%) como compostos majoritários. Para avaliar a mortalidade dos estágios de pulgas in vitro, foram realizados testes de papel filtro em diferentes concentrações. O OE de C. sativa apresentou atividade inseticida (100% de mortalidade nas maiores concentrações), para controle de pulgas nos estágios de ovo, larva, pupa e adulto, com concentrações letais (CL50) de 32,45; 91,61; 466,41 e 927,92 µg/cm2, respectivamente. O OE de C. sativa indicou potencial para o desenvolvimento de ectoparasiticida para uso veterinário, principalmente para pulgas em fase de ovo e larva.(AU)

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic cats (Felis catus) diagnosed by different coproparasitological techniques in the municipality of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro / Prevalência de parasitos gastrointestinais gatos de domésticos (Felis catus) diagnosticados por diferentes técnicas coproparasitológicas no município de Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro

The objectives of this work were to investigate the occurrence of parasites in feces of cats, compare different coproparasitological techniques for their diagnosis and determine associations with parasitism. The samples were processed using three different coproparasitological techniques: centrifugal flotation in sucrose, centrifugal flotation in ZnSO4 and simple sedimentation. The parasitic association between parasitism and variables such as age, sex and fecal consistency was performed using the chi-square test or the G test with a significance level of 5%. A total of 237 samples were analyzed, of which 93 (39.2%) were positive, being Ancylostoma spp. (17.3%), Giardia intestinalis (12.2%), Platynosomum illiciens (8.0%), Cystoisospora spp. (6.3%), Toxoplasma gondii/ Hammondia hammondi (3.4%), Diphyllobothriidae (2.1%), Toxocara spp. (1.7%), Dipylidium caninum (1.3%) and Mesocestoides spp. (0.8%). In the parasitism association analysis, it was possible to verify a statistical difference in the age category for Cystoisospora spp. (p=0.001) observing a strong relationship between parasitism and young animals, the association with sex proved to be important for P. illiciens (p<0.001) with a higher frequency of parasitized females and fecal consistency revealed to be related to the parasites G. intestinalis (p=0.007) and P. illiciens (p=0.033) showing a higher number of positive animals for these parasites with normal fecal consistency. In conclusion, we observed a higher occurrence of Ancylostoma spp. and G. intestinalis in fecal samples from domestic cats received in routine diagnoses and the presence of other parasites with zoonotic potential, as well as the relationship of these diagnosed parasites with the categories sex, age and fecal consistency.(AU)

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram investigar a ocorrência de parasitos em fezes de gatos, comparar diferentes técnicas coproparasitológicas para o seu diagnóstico e determinar as associações com o parasitismo. As amostras foram processadas usando três diferentes técnicas coproparasitológicas: centrífugo-flutuação em sacarose, centrífugo-flutuação em ZnSO4 e sedimentação simples. A associação parasitária entre o parasitismo e variáveis, como idade, sexo e consistência fecal, foi realizada pelo teste de qui-quadrado ou teste de G com nível de significância de 5%. No total, foram analisadas 237 amostras, das quais 93 (39,2%) foram positivas, sendo diagnosticados os parasitos Ancylostoma spp. (17,3%), Giardia intestinalis (12,2%), Platynosomum illiciens (8,0%), Cystoisospora spp. (6,3%), Toxoplasma gondii/ Hammondia hammondi (3,4%), Diphyllobothriidae (2,1%), Toxocara spp. (1,7%), Dipylidium caninum (1,3%) e Mesocestoides spp. (0,8%). Na análise de associação entre o parasitismo e as outras variáveis, foi possível verificar diferença estatística na categoria idade para Cystoisospora spp. (p=0,001), observando forte relação entre o parasitismo e animais jovens. A associação com o sexo demonstrou ser importante para P. illiciens (p<0,001), com maior frequência de fêmeas parasitadas. E a consistência fecal revelou ter relação com os parasitos G. intestinalis (p=0,007) e P. illiciens (p=0,033), com maior frequência de fezes com consistência normal nos animais positivos para esses parasitos. Em conclusão, foi observada uma maior ocorrência de Ancylostoma spp. e G. intestinalis em amostras fecais de gatos domésticos, recebidas em diagnósticos de rotina e a presença de outros parasitos com potencial zoonótico, como também, a relação desses parasitos diagnosticados com as categorias sexo, idade e consistência fecal.(AU)

Myelodysplastic syndrome progression to acute myeloid leukemia in a cat FeLV seroreactive

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of non-lymphoid hematological tumors characterized by aberrant proliferation and/or decreased apoptosis of a clone of non-mature cells, resulting in the accumulation of immature blast cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. It is considered rare, as it represents 10% of neoplasms of hematopoietic origin. However, it is known that felines seroreactive for FIV and FeLV are more predisposed and reports of this type of leukemia in cats in the literature are scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the blood and bone marrow of a cat seroreactive for FeLV that presented with myelodysplastic syndrome that progressed to acute myeloid leukemia. Case: A 6-year-old male mixed-breed cat, neutered, seroreactive for FeLV, showed apathy, weight loss, and pale mucous membranes. Initial peripheral blood smear evaluation revealed hypochromic normocytic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytosis with many macropackets and giant platelets. Based on this blood picture, a long-spectrum antimicrobial therapy with amoxicillin and clavulanate [Clavulin® BD - 25 mg/kg, every 12 h] was started. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor used filgrastim (rHu G-CSF) [Fiprina® - 5 µg/kg, SC, every 48 h] and appetite stimulant mirtazapine [Mirtz® - 2 mg/cat, orally, every 48 h] were used to correct leukopenia and nutritional status, respectively. Follow-up blood smear evaluation on the 30th day showed persistence of the hematological changes noticed earlier. A bone marrow puncture was performed, and immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone [Predsim® - 4 mg/kg, orally, every 24 h] was initiated. The aspirated material showed increased cellularity for age, decreased myeloid:erythroid ratio, and 39.8% of blasts of myeloid origin. An average of 17.7 megakaryocytes were observed per field (10x magnification). Bone marrow cytological evaluation suggested acute myeloid leukemia with dysmegakaryocytopoiesis. After the diagnosis, the examinations were repeated monthly, and there was still intense leukopenia. However, in view of the stable clinical status and leukopenia with neutropenia, treatment for leukemia was not instituted and only supportive treatment was administered when necessary. Eight months after the diagnosis, clinical status had worsened, and unlike the earlier hemograms, global leukocyte count had increased with predominant lymphocytosis (95% of the total leukocytes) with atypical lymphocytes. The cat died a few days later. Discussion: Bone marrow evaluation is indicated when peripheral blood cell abnormalities are present and cannot be explained in the context of the clinical history. In the present report, the bone marrow aspirate was hypercellular (cellularity above 75%); however, intense leukopenia was observed in the peripheral blood. In myelodysplastic syndromes, it is common for the bone marrow to be normal to hypercellular, which occurs when there is a greater production of myeloid or erythroid cell lines in response to the loss, destruction, or consumption of cells. Despite this, cytopenias may be present in the peripheral blood, since the defective cells undergo apoptosis and die before being released into the circulation, characterizing inefficient hematopoiesis. The diagnosis of acute leukemia comprises a variety of hematopoietic neoplasms that are complex and unique. Each acute leukemia subtype has defining characteristics that affect the prognosis and treatment of each animal.

Efficacy and residual effect of Illicium verum (star anise) and Pelargonium graveolens (rose geranium) essential oil on cat fleas Ctenocephalides felis felis / Eficácia e efeito residual dos óleos essenciais de Illicium verum (anis-estrelado) e Pelargonium graveolens (gerânio rosa) em pulgas de gato Ctenocephalides felis felis

Abstract The essential oils (EOs) of Illicium verum and Pelargonium graveolens were evaluated for lethality, inhibition of development and residual efficacy against the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. Their chemical composition was characterized by means of gas chromatography with a flame ionization and mass spectrometry detection. Mortality at different immature stages and among adult fleas was measured through in vitro filter paper tests at different concentrations of EOs. The chemical characterization of I. verum volatile oil showed that E-anethole (79.96%) was the major constituent, while the major compounds in P. graveolens were citronellol (29.67%) and geraniol (14.85%). Insecticidal activity against both immature and adult flea stages were observed. The EO of I. verum had insecticidal activity for approximately 18 days, while the EO activity of P. graveolens lasted for 13 days. The pulicidal activity of I. verum remained above 70% for up to 9 days, while the activity of P. graveolens was 41.7% for up to 2 days. Essential oils, especially that of I. verum, showed insecticidal activity for flea control at different life cycle stages and have potential for the development of ectoparasiticides (biopesticides) for veterinary use.

Resumo Os óleos essenciais (OE) de Illicium verum e Pelargonium graveolens foram avaliados quanto à letalidade, inibição do desenvolvimento e eficácia residual contra a pulga Ctenocephalides felis felis. Sua composição química foi caracterizada por meio de cromatografia gasosa com detector de ionização de chama e espectrometria de massas. A mortalidade entre os diferentes estágios imaturos e pulgas adultas foi avaliada por meio de testes in vitro em papel filtro, contendo diferentes concentrações de OEs. A caracterização química do óleo volátil de I. verum mostrou que o E-anetol (79,96%) foi o constituinte majoritário, enquanto os principais compostos de P. graveolens foram citronelol (29,67%) e geraniol (14,85%). Foi observada atividade inseticida contra os estágios imaturos e adulto da pulga. O OE de I. verum teve atividade inseticida por aproximadamente 18 dias, enquanto o de P. graveolens durou 13 dias. A atividade pulicida de I. verum permaneceu acima de 70% até o 9º dia, enquanto a atividade de P. graveolens foi de 41,7% até o 2º dia. Os óleos essenciais, principalmente de I. verum, apresentam atividade inseticida para o controle de pulgas em diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida e têm potencial para o desenvolvimento de ectoparasiticidas (biopesticidas) de uso veterinário.

Behavior of free omental grafts without vascular anastomosis implanted in cats experimental wounds / Comportamento do enxerto omental livre sem anastomose vascular implantado em feridas experimentais de gatos

It is known that skin healing in cats is slower and has a higher complication rate than in dogs, what leads to search for new resources to enhance this process. Omentum properties in the aid of tissue repair are known and, among the forms of extraperitoneal omentalization, the use of free omental grafts without vascular anastomosis is advantageous, but little studied; there is no knowledge about its effect on skin healing, nor if its still viable when implanted in the subcutaneous space. Thus, the present study aimed to describe possible alterations produced by free omental graft without anastomosis inserted in the subcutaneous space, by means of macroscopic clinical analysis of the implantation region in cats. Twenty intact female cats were divided into two groups (Group 1: treated animals; Group 2: controls) of similar size. All animals were subjected to ovariosalpingohysterectomy (OSH) prior to the induction of an experimental wound for the implantation of the omental graft. Wounds were evaluated on days 1, 2, 4, 8, and 15 postsurgery and then weekly until no lesions were noted. Data regarding color, consistency, presence or absence of crusts, wound resistance, and volume measurements were recorded. There was activation of the omentum on the 4th day of evaluation with reduction of hemorrhage and an increase in the resistance to traction of the experimental wound. We concluded that the omentum without vascular anastomosis is capable of maintaining its viability and exert positive influence on the repair process without showing deleterious signs on the implantation site.(AU)

Sabe-se que a cicatrização de pele em gatos é mais lenta e apresenta índice maior de complicações que nos cães, dai a importância da busca de novos recursos para estimular o processo cicatricial. São conhecidas as propriedades do omento no auxílio ao reparo tecidual e, dentre as formas de omentalização extraperitoneal, o uso do omento livre sem anastomose vascular é vantajoso, porém pouco estudado; não há conhecimento sobre seu efeito na cicatrização cutânea, tampouco se permanece viável quando implantado no espaço subcutâneo. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar possíveis alterações produzidas pelo enxerto omental livre sem anastomose inserido no espaço subcutâneo, por meio da avaliação clínica macroscópica da região de implantação em gatos. Foram utilizadas 20 gatas, de idade entre um e sete anos, sem alterações em exame de sangue, FIV/FELV negativas. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos (Tratado e Controle) de igual tamanho, diferindo quanto à utilização do enxerto de omento livre. Foi realizada cirurgia de ovariossalpingohisterectomia (OSH) em todos os animais, previamente à criação da ferida experimental para implantação ou não do enxerto omental. As feridas foram avaliadas nos dias 1, 2, 4, 8 e 15 do pós-operatório e a partir de então semanalmente, até nenhuma alteração ser observada. Foram anotados dados referentes à coloração, consistência, presença de crosta, resistência da ferida e medidas do volume. Nos resultados destacou-se a ativação do omento no quarto dia de avaliação, observada pelo aumento de volume, com redução de hemorragia e aumento na resistência da ferida experimental à tração. Conclui-se que o omento em sua forma livre sem anastomose é capaz de manter sua viabilidade e exercer influência positiva sobre o processo de reparo, sem demonstrar sinais deletérios sobre a região implantada.(AU)

In vitro acaricidal activity of different ectoparasiticide classes against Amblyomma sculptum larvae / Atividade acaricida in vitro de diferentes classes de ectoparasiticidas frente a larvas de Amblyomma sculptum

Zoonoses are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among them, Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) is an important one that occurs in some regions of South America and can be transmitted by the “star tick” Amblyomma sculptum. Application of acaricides against the larval stage is important as strategy of population control. However, there is still a deficiency of studies on chemical control of A. sculptum and the present work aims to evaluate the in vitro acaricidal activity of cypermethrin, flumethrin, deltamethrin, fipronil, coumaphos and chlorpyrifos against A. sculptum larvae. Bioassays were performed using the larval immersion test method. A discriminatory analysis between the antiparasitic classes most used for tick control was carried out, which made it possible to determine the classes with higher potential for controlling A. sculptum larvae. Our results showed that A. sculptum larvae present highest sensitivity to the synthetic pyrethroid group, followed by the phenylpyrazole, organophosphate and macrocyclic lactone groups. These findings may support studies on improvement of tick control as in animals as in the environment.(AU)

As zoonoses são a maior causa de morbidade de mortalidade no mundo. A Febre Maculosa Brasileira (FMB) é uma importante zoonose que ocorre em algumas regiões da América do Sul e pode ser transmitida pelo “carrapato-estrela” Amblyomma sculptum. A aplicação de acaricidas, frente ao estágio larval, é importante como estratégia no controle da população. No entanto, ainda há uma deficiência de estudos para o controle químico de A. sculptum. Devido à necessidade de mais informações sobre o controle de A. sculptum, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a atividade acaricida in vitro de cipermetrina, flumetrina, deltametrina, fipronil, coumafós e clorpirifós frente a larvas de A. sculptum. Os bioensaios foram realizados pelo método Teste de Imersão de Larva. Foi realizada uma análise discriminatória entre as classes antiparasitárias mais utilizadas para controle de carrapatos, possibilitando determinar classes com maior potencial para o controle de larvas de A. sculptum. Os resultados deste trabalho mostraram que as larvas de A. sculptum apresentam maior sensibilidade ao grupo dos piretroides sintéticos, seguido pelos grupos fenilpirazóis, organofosforados e lactonas macrocíclicas. Esses achados poderiam apoiar estudos visando ao controle do carrapato tanto em animais quanto no meio ambiente.(AU)~ipt

Development of Ctenocephalides felis felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) in different substrates for maintenance under laboratory conditions / Desenvolvimento de Ctenocephalides felis felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) em diferentes substratos para manutenção em condições laboratoriais

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of different substrates for larval development of Ctenocephalides felis felis during its biological cycle. Eight hundred eggs of C. felis felis from a flea maintenance colony were used. Different diets were formulated, in which the main substrates were meat flour, powdered milk, sugar, lyophilized bovine blood, tick metabolites and lyophilized egg. The flea eggs were placed in test tubes (10 per tube) and approximately 2 g of the diet to be tested was added to each tube. There were 10 replicates for each substrate. After 28 days, each tube was evaluated individually for the presence of pupae and emerged adults. The following percentages of the larvae completed the cycle to the adult stage: 67% in diets containing tick metabolites; 55%, meat flour; 39%, dehydrated bovine blood; 14%, powdered milk; and less than 1% in diets containing sugar, lyophilized bovine blood, lyophilized egg or wheat bran. It was concluded that among the diets tested, the one constituted by tick metabolites as the substrate was shown to be the most satisfactory for maintaining a laboratory colony of C. felis felis, followed by the one containing meat flour.(AU)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes substratos no desenvolvimento larval de Ctenocephalides felis felis durante seu ciclo biológico. Foram utilizados 800 ovos de C. felis felis, oriundos de colônia de manutenção de pulgas. Diferentes dietas foram formuladas, contendo como substratos principais a farinha de carne, leite em pó, açúcar, sangue bovino liofilizado, metabólitos de carrapato e ovo liofilizado. Foram distribuídos 10 ovos por tubo de ensaio, aos quais foram acrescidos as dietas a serem testadas, realizando-se10 repetições para cada substrato. Após 28 dias, cada tubo foi avaliado individualmente pela presença de pupas e adultos emergidos. Nas dietas que continham metabólitos de carrapato, 67% das larvas completaram o ciclo até a fase adulta; 55% nas que continham farinha de carne; 39% contendo sangue bovino desidratado; 14% com leite em pó, e menos de 1% em dietas contendo açúcar, sangue bovino liofilizado, ovo liofilizado e farelo de trigo. Conclui-se que, entre as dietas testadas, a constituída por metabólitos de carrapato como substrato, mostrou-se a mais satisfatória para a manutenção de colônia laboratorial de C.felis felis, seguida da que continha farinha de carne.(AU)

Topical treatment of external otitis in cats with combination of levofloxacin, miconazole and dexamethasone / Tratamento tópico de otite externa em gatos com a associação de levofloxacina, miconazol e dexametasona

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical formulation containing levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone in the treatment of external otitis in cats. Eighteen cats showing clinical signs of external otitisin the video otoscopy examination and cerumen cytologywere evaluated. The animals were divided into three groups of six animals. Group 1 (G1) was the control group; Group 2 (G2) was treated with a combination of 0.5% levofloxacin, 2% miconazole, and 0.02% dexamethasone, using distilled water as the vehicle; and Group 3 (G3) was treated with the same combination, using vegetable glycerin as the vehicle. The animals were reassessed weekly; animals in G1 had no improvement of clinical signs of otitis or in the findings in the cerumen cytology. However, animals in G2 and G3 showed improvement of clinical signs, and control of yeasts and/or bacteria in the cytological examination of the ear after seven days of treatment. Based on the results, the formulation containing the combination of levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone was effective in controlling the perpetuating factors of external otitis in cats.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de uma formulação tópica contento levofloxacina, miconazol e dexametasona no tratamento da otite externa em gatos. Foram utilizados 18 gatos que apresentavam sinais clínicos de otite externa no exame de videotoscopia e na citologia do cerúmen. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos com seis animais cada. O grupo 1 foi o grupo controle; grupo 2 foi tratado com a associação de levofloxacina 0,5%, miconazol a 2% e dexametasona 0,02% sendo o veículo água destilada; já o grupo 3 foi medicado com a mesma associação, sendo o veículo glicerina vegetal. Os animais foram reavaliados semanalmente e os animais do grupo controle não tiveram melhora dos sinais clínicos de otite e nos achados na citologia de cerúmen. No entanto, os animais do grupo 2 e 3 apresentaram melhora dos sinais clínicos e no controle de leveduras e/ou bactérias no exame citológico de ouvido a partir de sete dias de tratamento. Com base nos resultados foi possível concluir que a formulação contendo a associação levofloxacina + miconazol + dexametasona foi eficaz no controle dos fatores perpetuantes da otite externa em gatos.

Topical treatment of external otitis in cats with combination of levofloxacin, miconazole and dexamethasone / Tratamento tópico de otite externa em gatos com a associação de levofloxacina, miconazol e dexametasona

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical formulation containing levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone in the treatment of external otitis in cats. Eighteen cats showing clinical signs of external otitisin the video otoscopy examination and cerumen cytologywere evaluated. The animals were divided into three groups of six animals. Group 1 (G1) was the control group; Group 2 (G2) was treated with a combination of 0.5% levofloxacin, 2% miconazole, and 0.02% dexamethasone, using distilled water as the vehicle; and Group 3 (G3) was treated with the same combination, using vegetable glycerin as the vehicle. The animals were reassessed weekly; animals in G1 had no improvement of clinical signs of otitis or in the findings in the cerumen cytology. However, animals in G2 and G3 showed improvement of clinical signs, and control of yeasts and/or bacteria in the cytological examination of the ear after seven days of treatment. Based on the results, the formulation containing the combination of levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone was effective in controlling the perpetuating factors of external otitis in cats.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de uma formulação tópica contento levofloxacina, miconazol e dexametasona no tratamento da otite externa em gatos. Foram utilizados 18 gatos que apresentavam sinais clínicos de otite externa no exame de videotoscopia e na citologia do cerúmen. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos com seis animais cada. O grupo 1 foi o grupo controle; grupo 2 foi tratado com a associação de levofloxacina 0,5%, miconazol a 2% e dexametasona 0,02% sendo o veículo água destilada; já o grupo 3 foi medicado com a mesma associação, sendo o veículo glicerina vegetal. Os animais foram reavaliados semanalmente e os animais do grupo controle não tiveram melhora dos sinais clínicos de otite e nos achados na citologia de cerúmen. No entanto, os animais do grupo 2 e 3 apresentaram melhora dos sinais clínicos e no controle de leveduras e/ou bactérias no exame citológico de ouvido a partir de sete dias de tratamento. Com base nos resultados foi possível concluir que a formulação contendo a associação levofloxacina + miconazol + dexametasona foi eficaz no controle dos fatores perpetuantes da otite externa em gatos.(AU)

Efficacy of afoxolaner in the flea control in experimentally infested cats / Eficácia do afoxolaner no controle de pulgas em gatos experimentalmente infestados

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of oral afoxolaner in controlling fleas in cats. Fourteen cats were used. The cats were given identification numbers, housed individually, artificially infested with Ctenocephalides felis felis, and treated (or not) with afoxolaner. Were divided into a treatment group and a control group (n = 7/group), on the basis of the fleas count hours after an infestation applied on Day (one-by-one allocation after ordering by count). At the start of the experimental protocol (designated day 0), the treated group received afoxolaner in a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg and the control group animals received a placebo. All animals were infested with 100 C. felis felis fleas two days before day 0, as well as on days 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54, and 63, parasite loads being evaluated at 48 h after each infestation. The efficacy of afoxolaner was 100% on day 2 and remained above 98% until day 42, decreasing to 95.3% by day 63. The findings confirm that a single dose of oral afoxolaner was effective in controlling C. felis felis in cats, and there were no observed adverse events.(AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de uma dose única de afoxolaner oral no controle de pulgas em gatos. Foram utilizados 14 gatos. Os animais foram identificados, alojados individualmente, infestados artificialmente com C. felis felis e tratados (ou não) com afoxolaner. Foram divididos em um grupo de tratamento e um grupo controle (n = 7/ grupo), com base na contagem de pulgas, horas após a infestação aplicada no dia (alocação de um por um após o período por contagem). No início do protocolo experimental (dia 0), o grupo tratado recebeu afoxolaner em dose inicial de 2,5 mg / kg e os animais do grupo controle receberam um placebo. Todos os animais foram infestados com 100 pulgas C. felis felis dois dias antes do dia 0, assim como nos dias 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54 e 63, sendo avaliadas as cargas parasitárias às 48 h após cada infestação. A eficácia do afoxolaner foi de 100% no dia 2 e permaneceu acima de 98% até o dia 42, diminuindo para 95,3% no dia 63. Os resultados confirmam que uma dose única de afoxolaner oral foi eficaz no controle de C. felis felis em gatos, e não houve eventos adversos observados.(AU)

Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection In Dog Case Report

Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) are diseases that can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissue, superficial fascia, and occasionally, deep fascia, muscle tissue and adipose tissue. They present states of necrosis, which can lead to systemic toxicity and high rates of mortality. This paper describes the occurrence of a NSTI in a six year-old female beagle. The animal presented pain, areas of edema, erythema, loss of sensitivity and crepitations, in the right flank, from the dorso-lumbar area to the mammary gland. In the bacterial culture, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Group B Streptococcus, were isolated. The biopsy revealed necrotizing cellulites. Treatment was administered with ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg IV 12/12h), metronidazole (25 mg/kg 12/12h), and tramadol clorhidrate (4 mg/kg IV 8/8h). Wound treatment included extensive cleanings, every twelve hours, with warm diluted iodopovidone (0,01%) and compressive bandages. The diagnosis and early treatment of this disease allows a better prognosis for affected animals.

Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection In Dog Case Report

Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) are diseases that can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissue, superficial fascia, and occasionally, deep fascia, muscle tissue and adipose tissue. They present states of necrosis, which can lead to systemic toxicity and high rates of mortality. This paper describes the occurrence of a NSTI in a six year-old female beagle. The animal presented pain, areas of edema, erythema, loss of sensitivity and crepitations, in the right flank, from the dorso-lumbar area to the mammary gland. In the bacterial culture, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Group B Streptococcus, were isolated. The biopsy revealed necrotizing cellulites. Treatment was administered with ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg IV 12/12h), metronidazole (25 mg/kg 12/12h), and tramadol clorhidrate (4 mg/kg IV 8/8h). Wound treatment included extensive cleanings, every twelve hours, with warm diluted iodopovidone (0,01%) and compressive bandages. The diagnosis and early treatment of this disease allows a better prognosis for affected animals.(AU)