Hepatic and renal lesions in free ranging black caimans (Melanosuchus niger) in the Brazilian Amazon for human consumption / Lesões hepáticas e renais em jacarés-açu (Melanosuchus niger) de vida livre na Amazônia brasileira destinados ao consumo humano

Background: The black caiman (Melanosuchus niger), belongs to the order Crocodylia, family Alligatoridae. More than a hundred species of helminths, mainly trematodes and nematodes, parasitize crocodilians around the world and a considerable number of species of ascaris have been described in crocodilians. There are few descriptions of hepatic and renal diseases affecting M. niger, and no articles related to the histopathological aspects of this species were found. The aim of this study was to evaluate gross and microscopically the liver and kidneys of 100 specimens of Melanosuchus niger slaughtered in Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, from natural populations.Materials, Methods & Results: The capture of the alligators was performed during the night, by members of the community itself in the channels and lagoons of the Reserve’s lowland ecosystem. For the capture procedures, ties and harpoons were used and the animals were identified through the red glow of the eyes using the spot light lanterns. After being conducted to the slaughter area, the animals were submitted to the previous biometry to select which animals were appropriated for slaughter, they should measure between 2.10 m and 2.80 m. A total of 88 livers and 95 kidneys of M. niger of natural populations were analysed gross and microscopically, independently of gross lesions. The fragments collected for histopathological examination were approximately 0.5 cm thick and they were packed in appropriated identified containers with formalin 10% solution. The collection procedures were accompanied by field records for data recording. After fixation of the collected material, it were processes by habitual techniques for paraffin inclusion and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Grossly, none of the livers examined presented alterations and two kidneys presented parasitism.[...]

Hepatic and renal lesions in free ranging black caimans (Melanosuchus niger) in the Brazilian Amazon for human consumption / Lesões hepáticas e renais em jacarés-açu (Melanosuchus niger) de vida livre na Amazônia brasileira destinados ao consumo humano

Background: The black caiman (Melanosuchus niger), belongs to the order Crocodylia, family Alligatoridae. More than a hundred species of helminths, mainly trematodes and nematodes, parasitize crocodilians around the world and a considerable number of species of ascaris have been described in crocodilians. There are few descriptions of hepatic and renal diseases affecting M. niger, and no articles related to the histopathological aspects of this species were found. The aim of this study was to evaluate gross and microscopically the liver and kidneys of 100 specimens of Melanosuchus niger slaughtered in Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, from natural populations.Materials, Methods & Results: The capture of the alligators was performed during the night, by members of the community itself in the channels and lagoons of the Reserves lowland ecosystem. For the capture procedures, ties and harpoons were used and the animals were identified through the red glow of the eyes using the spot light lanterns. After being conducted to the slaughter area, the animals were submitted to the previous biometry to select which animals were appropriated for slaughter, they should measure between 2.10 m and 2.80 m. A total of 88 livers and 95 kidneys of M. niger of natural populations were analysed gross and microscopically, independently of gross lesions. The fragments collected for histopathological examination were approximately 0.5 cm thick and they were packed in appropriated identified containers with formalin 10% solution. The collection procedures were accompanied by field records for data recording. After fixation of the collected material, it were processes by habitual techniques for paraffin inclusion and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Grossly, none of the livers examined presented alterations and two kidneys presented parasitism.[...](AU)

Paraganglioma de corpo aórtico em cão / Aortic body paraganglioma in dog

Background: Aortic body paragangliomas are uncommon neoplasms that develop mainly in aortic and carotid bodies. It has been supposed that genetic factors and chronic hypoxia may stimulate tumor development. The brachycephalic dog breeds, as Boxer, are most predisposed to present this neoplasm. The clinical symptomatology is related to tumor size and localization. Usually aortic body paraganglioma has benign biological behavior, when it is malignant, rarely promotes metastases. The aim of this study was to report a case of the aortic body paraganglioma as death cause in a dog. Case: A canine, 10-year-old, male, cross breed, presented clinical signs as anorexia, emesis, cough, dyspnea and exercise intolerance. After death the animal was examined at the Department of Veterinary Pathology at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia. On necropsy, no pericardial effusion was identified, however pleural and abdominal effusion was observed, volume like 1000 and 700 mL, respectively. The heart had a neoplasm near the left atrium, it measured 6.5 x 8.2 cm, had irregular surface, firm consistency, grayish color, and at the cut showed infiltration in the myocardium, as well as obstruction of the left atrial lumen and left ventricle concentric hypertrophy. No distant metastases were found. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of polyhedral morphology cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm, spherical and hyperchromatic nucleus. Cells were grouped into lobes separated by fibrovascular stroma, large cells (less uniform cells), low mitotic rate and myocardial infiltration. On immunohistochemical analysis anti-cytokeratin, anti-vimentin and anti-S-100 antibodies were used. Tumour cells stained was absent for anti-cytokeratin and anti-vimentin, but was anti-S-100 positive. A case of malignant aortic body paraganglioma grade II was diagnosed.[…]

Paraganglioma de corpo aórtico em cão / Aortic body paraganglioma in dog

Background: Aortic body paragangliomas are uncommon neoplasms that develop mainly in aortic and carotid bodies. It has been supposed that genetic factors and chronic hypoxia may stimulate tumor development. The brachycephalic dog breeds, as Boxer, are most predisposed to present this neoplasm. The clinical symptomatology is related to tumor size and localization. Usually aortic body paraganglioma has benign biological behavior, when it is malignant, rarely promotes metastases. The aim of this study was to report a case of the aortic body paraganglioma as death cause in a dog. Case: A canine, 10-year-old, male, cross breed, presented clinical signs as anorexia, emesis, cough, dyspnea and exercise intolerance. After death the animal was examined at the Department of Veterinary Pathology at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia. On necropsy, no pericardial effusion was identified, however pleural and abdominal effusion was observed, volume like 1000 and 700 mL, respectively. The heart had a neoplasm near the left atrium, it measured 6.5 x 8.2 cm, had irregular surface, firm consistency, grayish color, and at the cut showed infiltration in the myocardium, as well as obstruction of the left atrial lumen and left ventricle concentric hypertrophy. No distant metastases were found. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of polyhedral morphology cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm, spherical and hyperchromatic nucleus. Cells were grouped into lobes separated by fibrovascular stroma, large cells (less uniform cells), low mitotic rate and myocardial infiltration. On immunohistochemical analysis anti-cytokeratin, anti-vimentin and anti-S-100 antibodies were used. Tumour cells stained was absent for anti-cytokeratin and anti-vimentin, but was anti-S-100 positive. A case of malignant aortic body paraganglioma grade II was diagnosed.[…](AU)

Schistosomus reflexus in a dog and a cat

Background: Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a congenital anomaly, that the animal presents exposed abdominal and thoracic organs. The alterations includes limbs malformation, abnormal spinal column, liver and diaphragm hypoplasia, genitourinary and gastrointestinal changes, on this way, the fetus can not survive. The aim of this study was to report the first SR case in dog and cat in Brazil, and describe anatomical, pathological and radiographic changes. Case: The puppy had ventral midline defect in the abdominal and thoracic wall extending from the sternum to the pubis with viscera exposition, including the heart, lung, liver, stomach, intestine, spleen, kidneys, moreover right army was abnormal, however no spinal column was present. It was performed radiography to evaluate bone abnormalities, and was diagnosed agenesis of carpal, metacarpal and phalange bones. The kitten had ventral midline defect measuring 4 x 2 cm, in the abdominal wall and exposition of liver, stomach, intestine and spleen, as well as tibiotarsal joint arthrogryposis on both lags. It was performed fetus radiography and no spinal column change was diagnosed. Discussion: Schistosomus reflexus is a congenital abnormality common in ruminants. Although it was few reported in dogs and cats. The two cases in this study are the firsts reposts in Brazil in these especies. In our case, the dog had exposition of abdominal and thoracic organs and died one hour after born, similar to this, another author reported a case where the thoracic and abdominal evisceration and the puppy died ten minutes after born. However, in another case with abdominal evisceration only, the puppy survived for eight days. Probably it happened because respiratore function was not compromised. The kitten had abdominal opening only, in turn, other authors reported a case whose abdominal viscera exposition was by pelvic fissure, and another case, what presented thoracic and abdominal evisceration, like our dog case...

Schistosomus reflexus in a dog and a cat

Background: Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a congenital anomaly, that the animal presents exposed abdominal and thoracic organs. The alterations includes limbs malformation, abnormal spinal column, liver and diaphragm hypoplasia, genitourinary and gastrointestinal changes, on this way, the fetus can not survive. The aim of this study was to report the first SR case in dog and cat in Brazil, and describe anatomical, pathological and radiographic changes. Case: The puppy had ventral midline defect in the abdominal and thoracic wall extending from the sternum to the pubis with viscera exposition, including the heart, lung, liver, stomach, intestine, spleen, kidneys, moreover right army was abnormal, however no spinal column was present. It was performed radiography to evaluate bone abnormalities, and was diagnosed agenesis of carpal, metacarpal and phalange bones. The kitten had ventral midline defect measuring 4 x 2 cm, in the abdominal wall and exposition of liver, stomach, intestine and spleen, as well as tibiotarsal joint arthrogryposis on both lags. It was performed fetus radiography and no spinal column change was diagnosed. Discussion: Schistosomus reflexus is a congenital abnormality common in ruminants. Although it was few reported in dogs and cats. The two cases in this study are the firsts reposts in Brazil in these especies. In our case, the dog had exposition of abdominal and thoracic organs and died one hour after born, similar to this, another author reported a case where the thoracic and abdominal evisceration and the puppy died ten minutes after born. However, in another case with abdominal evisceration only, the puppy survived for eight days. Probably it happened because respiratore function was not compromised. The kitten had abdominal opening only, in turn, other authors reported a case whose abdominal viscera exposition was by pelvic fissure, and another case, what presented thoracic and abdominal evisceration, like our dog case...(AU)

Leiomiossarcoma uterino em Canis familiaris (Linnaeus, 1758): Relato de caso / Uterine leiomyosarcoma in Canis familiaris (Linneus, 1758): a case report

Leiomyosarcomas are rare malignant neoplasias originated from smooth muscle and may affectprimarily female reproductive organs. The aim of this work is to report a case of uterine leiomyosarcoma in thebitch. A female dog, mixed breed, 6 years old showed history of use of contraceptive and it underwent to aelective ovariosalpingohysterectomy. Multiple uterine masses were observed grossly and the histopathologyconfirmed a uterine leiomyosarcoma associated with cystic endometrial hyperplasia and ovarian cysts.(AU)

Leiomiossarcoma uterino em Canis familiaris (Linnaeus, 1758): Relato de caso / Uterine leiomyosarcoma in Canis familiaris (Linneus, 1758): a case report

Leiomyosarcomas are rare malignant neoplasias originated from smooth muscle and may affectprimarily female reproductive organs. The aim of this work is to report a case of uterine leiomyosarcoma in thebitch. A female dog, mixed breed, 6 years old showed history of use of contraceptive and it underwent to aelective ovariosalpingohysterectomy. Multiple uterine masses were observed grossly and the histopathologyconfirmed a uterine leiomyosarcoma associated with cystic endometrial hyperplasia and ovarian cysts.

Lesões pulmonares associadas ao parasitismo por sebekia oxycephala (pentastomida) em jacarés-açu (melanosuchus niger spix, 1825) oriundos de vida livre na Amazônia brasileira / Pulmonary lesions associated with parasitism by sebekia oxycephala (pentastomida) in free-ranging black caimans (melanosuchus niger spix, 1825) from the brazilian Amazon

O presente estudo objetivou descrever as lesões pulmonares macro e microscópicas associadas ao parasitismo por Sebekia oxycephala em 100 espécimes de jacarés-açu (Melanosuchus niger), abatidos na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, situada no Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Durante a avaliação macroscópica, exemplares dos parasitos encontrados no tecido pulmonar foram coletados individualmente em AFA (Álcool etílico - Formalina - Ácido acético glacial) e formol a 5% para avaliação parasitológica e classificação taxonômica. Amostras de tecido pulmonar de todos os animais, independentemente da ocorrência de lesões macroscópicas, foram fixadas em formol 10% e incluídas em parafina. Secções histológicas coradas por Hematoxilina- Eosina destas amostras foram avaliadas por meio de microscopia óptica. Macroscopicamente, 4 dos 100 animais (4%) apresentaram espécimes de pentastomídeos no parênquima pulmonar. Os parasitos foram classificados taxonomicamente como pertencentes à espécie Sebekia oxycephala. Nenhuma alteração macroscópicas foi observada, porém, microscopicamente, lesões pulmonares foram encontradas em 37% dos casos, sendo que, lesões inflamatórias associadas ao parasitismo corresponderam a 75,6% dos mesmos (28/37). Nestes, segmentos degenerados e ovos de S. oxycephala encontravam-se envolvidos por cápsula de tecido conjuntivo fibroso e infiltrado inflamatório predominantemente composto por células gigantes do tipo corpo estranho. Três espécimes apresentaram espessamento de septos alveolares e sete exemplares continham infiltrado inflamatório granulocítico multifocal no parênquima pulmonar. As lesões associadas ao parasitismo, de modo geral, apresentaram intensidade discreta e parecem não representar uma causa importante de doença pulmonar entre a população estudada. Esta é a primeira descrição de lesões pulmonares em M. niger associadas ao parasitismo por S. oxycephala na Amazônia brasileira.

Hematopoiese extramedular decorrente de hemangiossarcoma em cão - Relato de caso / Extramedullary hematopoiesis arising from hemangiosarcoma in dogs

A hematopoiese extramedular (HE) é um mecanismo compensatório raro que surge em pacientes com distúrbios medulares graves para a correção do déficit de células sanguíneas no organismo, sendo uma de suas causas as anemais arregenerativas decorrentes de hemangiossarcoma. O objetivo dos pesquisadores é descrever um caos clínico de HE hepática decorrente de hemangiossarcoma em cão. Foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (HOVET/UFRA) uma cadela SRD, com oito anos de idade e peso vivo de 10 kg com histórico de êmese, anorexia, letargia, oligúria e presença de uma massa irregular de consistência firme no fígado. Dois meses antes, o animal já havia sido submetido à esplenectomia total devido a presença de hemangiossarcoma com peso de aproximadamente 3kg. A ultrassonografia evidenciou aumento das dimensões hepáticas, dilatação de vasos e dutos hepáticos, paredes espessadas, presença de duas áreas nodulares soltas na cavidade abdominal com aproximadamente quatro centímetros cranial a bexiga e ascite. O hemograma constatou anemia arregenerativa e leucocitose. Foi indicado tratamento sintomático, paracentese para drenagem do líquido cavitário sanguinolento, e laparotomia exploratória com transfusão sanguínea total. Foram administrados metoclopramida (1mg/kg IV), antibioticoterapia com metronidazol (25mg/kg BID) e ampicilina (25mg/kg BID) por via oral e fluido com solução de ringer com lactato acrescidos de vitaminas C e do complexo B. Durante a cirurgia foi identificada metástase em todos os órgãos abdominais e peritônio e optou-se pela realização da eutanásia. Durante a necropsia foi colhido material para exame histopatológico, tendo como resultado hemangiossarcoma e um achado relevante foi a presença de metaplasia mielóide hepática... (AU)

The extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH) is a compensatory mechanism that often arises in patients with severe marroudisorders for the correction of the deficit of blood cells in the body, one of the causes is nonregenerative anemia due to hemangiosarcoma. The researchers' objective is to describe a clinical case of EH in a dog's liver due to hemangiosarcoma. It was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (HOVET/UFRA) a 8 years old female, and weight 10kg, with history of vomit, anorexia, lethargy, oliguria, and presence of an irregular mass of firm consistency in the liver. Two months earlier, the animal had already been submitted to total splenectomy due the presence of hemangiosarcoma weighing about 3kg. Ultrasonography showed an increase in liver size, dilatation of vessels and hepatic ducts, thickened walls, presence of two nodular areas loose in the abdominal cavity with about four centimeters cranial to the bladder and ascites. The CBC noted not regenerative anemia and leukocytosis. It was indicated symptomatic treatment, paracentesis to drain the fluid cavity that was bloody, and exploratory laparotomy with total blood transfusion. Were administered metoclopramide (1 mg / kg BID) oral antibiotic therapy with metronidazole (25 mg/kg BID) and ampicillin (25 mg/kg BID) and fluid IV therapy with lactated ringer's solution plus vitamins C and B complex. During the surgery, it was detected metastasis in all abdominal organs and peritoneum and it was chosen to perform euthanasia. During the necropsy material was sampled for histopathological examination, resulting in hemangiosarcoma and one finding was the presence of hepatic myeloid metaplasia. The history of the patient with hemangiosarcoma, chronic bleeding and blood loss kidnapping and nutrition of the tumor led to severe and persistent anemia, which triggered a compensatory behavior forming sites of EH in liver... (AU)

Hematopoiese extramedular decorrente de hemangiossarcoma em cão - Relato de caso / Extramedullary hematopoiesis arising from hemangiosarcoma in dogs

A hematopoiese extramedular (HE) é um mecanismo compensatório raro que surge em pacientes com distúrbios medulares graves para a correção do déficit de células sanguíneas no organismo, sendo uma de suas causas as anemais arregenerativas decorrentes de hemangiossarcoma. O objetivo dos pesquisadores é descrever um caos clínico de HE hepática decorrente de hemangiossarcoma em cão. Foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (HOVET/UFRA) uma cadela SRD, com oito anos de idade e peso vivo de 10 kg com histórico de êmese, anorexia, letargia, oligúria e presença de uma massa irregular de consistência firme no fígado. Dois meses antes, o animal já havia sido submetido à esplenectomia total devido a presença de hemangiossarcoma com peso de aproximadamente 3kg. A ultrassonografia evidenciou aumento das dimensões hepáticas, dilatação de vasos e dutos hepáticos, paredes espessadas, presença de duas áreas nodulares soltas na cavidade abdominal com aproximadamente quatro centímetros cranial a bexiga e ascite. O hemograma constatou anemia arregenerativa e leucocitose. Foi indicado tratamento sintomático, paracentese para drenagem do líquido cavitário sanguinolento, e laparotomia exploratória com transfusão sanguínea total. Foram administrados metoclopramida (1mg/kg IV), antibioticoterapia com metronidazol (25mg/kg BID) e ampicilina (25mg/kg BID) por via oral e fluido com solução de ringer com lactato acrescidos de vitaminas C e do complexo B. Durante a cirurgia foi identificada metástase em todos os órgãos abdominais e peritônio e optou-se pela realização da eutanásia. Durante a necropsia foi colhido material para exame histopatológico, tendo como resultado hemangiossarcoma e um achado relevante foi a presença de metaplasia mielóide hepática...

The extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH) is a compensatory mechanism that often arises in patients with severe marroudisorders for the correction of the deficit of blood cells in the body, one of the causes is nonregenerative anemia due to hemangiosarcoma. The researchers' objective is to describe a clinical case of EH in a dog's liver due to hemangiosarcoma. It was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (HOVET/UFRA) a 8 years old female, and weight 10kg, with history of vomit, anorexia, lethargy, oliguria, and presence of an irregular mass of firm consistency in the liver. Two months earlier, the animal had already been submitted to total splenectomy due the presence of hemangiosarcoma weighing about 3kg. Ultrasonography showed an increase in liver size, dilatation of vessels and hepatic ducts, thickened walls, presence of two nodular areas loose in the abdominal cavity with about four centimeters cranial to the bladder and ascites. The CBC noted not regenerative anemia and leukocytosis. It was indicated symptomatic treatment, paracentesis to drain the fluid cavity that was bloody, and exploratory laparotomy with total blood transfusion. Were administered metoclopramide (1 mg / kg BID) oral antibiotic therapy with metronidazole (25 mg/kg BID) and ampicillin (25 mg/kg BID) and fluid IV therapy with lactated ringer's solution plus vitamins C and B complex. During the surgery, it was detected metastasis in all abdominal organs and peritoneum and it was chosen to perform euthanasia. During the necropsy material was sampled for histopathological examination, resulting in hemangiosarcoma and one finding was the presence of hepatic myeloid metaplasia. The history of the patient with hemangiosarcoma, chronic bleeding and blood loss kidnapping and nutrition of the tumor led to severe and persistent anemia, which triggered a compensatory behavior forming sites of EH in liver...

Interação Genótipo X Ambiente para a Produção de Leite em Bubalinos Utilizando a Inferência Bayesiana por Meio de Amostradores de Gibbs

Com o objetivo de verificar a existência da interação genótipo x ambiente, sob a forma de heterogeneidade de variâncias para a produção de leite na espécie bubalina e o seu impacto na avaliação genética dos animais, utilizando a inferência Bayesiana por meio de Amostrador de Gibbs, foram utilizados 5.484 registros de produção de leite referentes à produções de 2.994 búfalas predominantemente Murrah, filhas de 150 reprodutores, acasalados com 1130 matrizes, cujos partos ocorreram entre os anos de 1974 e 2004. Os registros foram provenientes do Programa de Melhoramento Genético dos Bubalinos (PROMEBUL) com a adição de registros provenientes do rebanho da EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental -EAO, localizada em Belém, Pará. Foram estabelecidas classes de rebanho-ano de parto e de acordo com o desvio padrão de cada classe, os registros de produção de leite foram classificados em classes de alto e baixo desvio-padrão fenotípico. Posteriormente, os dados foram analisados desconsiderando e considerando as classes de desvio-padrão. O modelo utilizado empregou os efeitos fixos referentes às classes de rebanho-ano, mês de parto e covariáveis idade da fêmea ao parto e duração da lactação, além do efeito aleatório de animal, ambiente permanente e ambiente temporário. Para os efeitos fixos, foi assumido distribuição à priori uniforme e para os componentes de (co)variâncias foram assumidas distribuições priori qui-quadrado inversa e Wishart invertida. As médias observadas e desvio-padrão para produção de leite nas classes de alto e baixo desvio-padrão e em análise geral, foram iguais a 1870,21?758,78, 1900,50?587,76 e 1885,48?677,98, respectivamente. As médias posteriores para os componentes de variâncias foram maiores na classe de alto desvio-padrão. A herdabilidade obtida na classe de alto desvio-padrão foi próxima do valor observado na análise geral e inferior ao valor encontrado na classe de baixo desvio-padrão fenotípico. A correlação genética para produção de leite entre as classes de desvio-padrão foi igual a 0,58. As correlações de Spearman entre os valores genéticos para a produção de leite obtidos em análise geral com os valores obtidos nas classes de alto e baixo desvio padrão foram iguais a 0,94 e 0,93, respectivamente, para todos os reprodutores. Para uma amostra dos 10 melhores reprodutores, as mesmas correlações foram iguais a 0,94 e 0,47, respectivamente. Tais resultados revelam presença de heterogeneidade de variâncias entre rebanhos e esta heterogeneidade de variâncias é resultante de fatores ambientais, que podem levar a uma classificação errônea dos melhores reprodutores geneticamente para a produção leite