Hematological and biochemical alterations in female dogs with mammary cancer and inflammatory carcinoma / Alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas em cadelas com neoplasias mamárias e carcinoma inflamatório

Hematological and biochemical alterations in animals with neoplasms may result from the direct effects of tumor growth or paraneoplastic syndromes. The objective of this study was to evaluate these hematological and biochemical alterations in female dogs with mammary tumors and with inflammatory carcinoma (IC). Blood samples were collected from 43 female dogs divided into three groups according to clinical staging: Group 1 (G1) - animals in initial stage (T1,2,3N0M0, N=17), Group 2 (G2) - animals in advanced stage (T1,2,3N1M0,1, N=15) and Group 3 (G3) - animals presenting IC (N=11). Hematological and biochemical parameters obtained were related to patients' clinical staging. Among alterations, the most common were anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, monocytosis, increased ALT, AST, and hypoalbuminemia, mainly in dogs in advanced clinical staging and with inflammatory carcinoma.

Aterações hematológicas e bioquímicas em animais portadores de neoplasias podem resultar dos efeitos diretos do crescimento tumoral ou de síndromes paraneoplásicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas em cadelas com neoplasias mamárias e carcinoma inflamatório (IC). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 43 cadelas divididas em três grupos de acordo com o estadiamento clínico: grupo 1 (G1) - cadelas em estádio inicial (T1,2,3N0M0, N=17), grupo 2 (G2) - cadelas em estádio avançado (T1,2,3N1M0,1, N=15) e grupo 3 (G3) - cadelas que apresentaram IC (N=11). Os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos obtidos foram relacionados com o estadiamento clínico das pacientes. Entre as alterações, as mais comuns foram anemia, leucocitose neutrofílica, monocitose, aumento de ALT, AST e hipoalbuminemia, principalmente em cadelas em estadiamento clínico avançado e com carcinoma inflamatório.

Características epizootiológicas da infecção natural pelo vírus da cinomose canina em Belo Horizonte / Natural canine distemper virus infection epizootiology characteristics in Belo Horizonte

O perfil epizootiológico da cinomose canina em Belo Horizonte é desatualizado e não alberga algumas características relevantes. Uma análise recente da distribuição do vírus em relação às características do hospedeiro e do meio ambiente associada aos principais sinais clínicos e achados laboratoriais são importantes para se adotarem medidas estratégicas para o controle da enfermidade. Objetivou-se, assim, determinar as características epizootiológicas da infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina associada à variedade de sinais clínico-neurológicos e laboratoriais em Belo Horizonte, auxiliando no diagnóstico precoce da infecção e na diminuição das taxas de morbidade e mortalidade da doença. A avaliação do perfil epizootiológico de 90 cães revelou que a doença é mais frequente em animais adultos (um a seis anos de idade) e que não receberam vacinas conforme recomendado pelos protocolos. Os sinais clínicos extraneurais e neurais foram variados, com predomínio para manifestações gastrentérica e respiratória, mioclonia e déficit motor, respectivamente. O exame do fluido cérebro-espinhal demonstrou predomínio de proteinorraquia associada à pleocitose linfocítica. O teste de imunocromatografia para pesquisa de antígeno com amostras do fluido cerebroespinhal foi eficaz para identificar a doença em pacientes com sinais neurológicos, diferentemente das amostras do swab conjuntival, que não devem ser utilizadas.(AU)

The epizootiology profile of canine distemper in Belo Horizonte is outdated and does not harbor some important characteristics. A recent analysis of the virus distribution in relation to host and environmental characteristics associated with the main clinical signs and laboratory findings are important for adopting strategic measures to control the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the epizootiology characteristics of canine distemper virus infection associated with a variety of clinical and neurologic signs and laboratory findings in Belo Horizonte, helping to detect early infection and reduce morbidity and mortality rates. The evaluation of the epizootiology profile of 90 dogs revealed that the disease is more frequent in adult animals (1-6 years of age) and did not receive vaccines as recommended by the protocols. Extra neural and neural clinical signs were varied, with predominance for gastrointestinal and respiratory manifestations and myoclonus and motor deficit, respectively. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid of 16 dogs showed a predominance of increase protein associated with lymphocytic pleocytosis. The immunochromatography test for antigen screening with samples of cerebrospinal fluid in 76 animals with neurological signs was effective in identifying the disease, unlike conjunctival swab samples, which should not be used.(AU)

Características epizootiológicas da infecção natural pelo vírus da cinomose canina em Belo Horizonte / Natural canine distemper virus infection epizootiology characteristics in Belo Horizonte

O perfil epizootiológico da cinomose canina em Belo Horizonte é desatualizado e não alberga algumas características relevantes. Uma análise recente da distribuição do vírus em relação às características do hospedeiro e do meio ambiente associada aos principais sinais clínicos e achados laboratoriais são importantes para se adotarem medidas estratégicas para o controle da enfermidade. Objetivou-se, assim, determinar as características epizootiológicas da infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina associada à variedade de sinais clínico-neurológicos e laboratoriais em Belo Horizonte, auxiliando no diagnóstico precoce da infecção e na diminuição das taxas de morbidade e mortalidade da doença. A avaliação do perfil epizootiológico de 90 cães revelou que a doença é mais frequente em animais adultos (um a seis anos de idade) e que não receberam vacinas conforme recomendado pelos protocolos. Os sinais clínicos extraneurais e neurais foram variados, com predomínio para manifestações gastrentérica e respiratória, mioclonia e déficit motor, respectivamente. O exame do fluido cérebro-espinhal demonstrou predomínio de proteinorraquia associada à pleocitose linfocítica. O teste de imunocromatografia para pesquisa de antígeno com amostras do fluido cerebroespinhal foi eficaz para identificar a doença em pacientes com sinais neurológicos, diferentemente das amostras do swab conjuntival, que não devem ser utilizadas.(AU)

The epizootiology profile of canine distemper in Belo Horizonte is outdated and does not harbor some important characteristics. A recent analysis of the virus distribution in relation to host and environmental characteristics associated with the main clinical signs and laboratory findings are important for adopting strategic measures to control the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the epizootiology characteristics of canine distemper virus infection associated with a variety of clinical and neurologic signs and laboratory findings in Belo Horizonte, helping to detect early infection and reduce morbidity and mortality rates. The evaluation of the epizootiology profile of 90 dogs revealed that the disease is more frequent in adult animals (1-6 years of age) and did not receive vaccines as recommended by the protocols. Extra neural and neural clinical signs were varied, with predominance for gastrointestinal and respiratory manifestations and myoclonus and motor deficit, respectively. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid of 16 dogs showed a predominance of increase protein associated with lymphocytic pleocytosis. The immunochromatography test for antigen screening with samples of cerebrospinal fluid in 76 animals with neurological signs was effective in identifying the disease, unlike conjunctival swab samples, which should not be used.(AU)

Ureter ectópico extramural em um cão Labrador Retriever: relato de caso / Ectopic ureter extramural in a Labrador Retriever dog: a case report

A ectopia ureteral é uma enfermidade congênita que se caracteriza quando um ou ambos os ureteres apresentam-se inseridos fora do seu local anatômico, com a inserção ocorrendo no útero, no colo da bexiga, na uretra ou na vagina, devido a uma diferenciação anormal dos ductos mesonéfricos e metanéfricos. Nos machos, a inserção pode ocorrer também nos ductos deferentes e na próstata. A incontinência urinária é o sinal clínico mais comumente associado ao ureter ectópico. O presente relato descreve um caso de ureter ectópico extramural unilateral, em um cão da raça Labrador Retriever de sete anos de idade, corrigido cirurgicamente, e mostra a importância dos exames radiográfico contrastado e ultrassonografia.(AU)

Ureteral ectopia is a congenital disease that is characterized when one or both ureters are shown inserted outside their anatomic site, with the possible insertion in the uterus, bladder neck, the urethra or vagina due to abnormal differentiation of ducts mesonephrics and metanephrics. In males the insertion can also occur in the vas deferens and prostate. Urinary incontinence is the most common clinical sign associated with ectopic ureter. This report describes a case of unilateral extramural ectopic ureter in a dog of the Labrador Retriever breed at seven years old surgically corrected, and shows the importance of contrast radiographic examination and ultrasound.(AU)

Ureter ectópico extramural em um cão Labrador Retriever: relato de caso / Ectopic ureter extramural in a Labrador Retriever dog: a case report

A ectopia ureteral é uma enfermidade congênita que se caracteriza quando um ou ambos os ureteres apresentam-se inseridos fora do seu local anatômico, com a inserção ocorrendo no útero, no colo da bexiga, na uretra ou na vagina, devido a uma diferenciação anormal dos ductos mesonéfricos e metanéfricos. Nos machos, a inserção pode ocorrer também nos ductos deferentes e na próstata. A incontinência urinária é o sinal clínico mais comumente associado ao ureter ectópico. O presente relato descreve um caso de ureter ectópico extramural unilateral, em um cão da raça Labrador Retriever de sete anos de idade, corrigido cirurgicamente, e mostra a importância dos exames radiográfico contrastado e ultrassonografia.(AU)

Ureteral ectopia is a congenital disease that is characterized when one or both ureters are shown inserted outside their anatomic site, with the possible insertion in the uterus, bladder neck, the urethra or vagina due to abnormal differentiation of ducts mesonephrics and metanephrics. In males the insertion can also occur in the vas deferens and prostate. Urinary incontinence is the most common clinical sign associated with ectopic ureter. This report describes a case of unilateral extramural ectopic ureter in a dog of the Labrador Retriever breed at seven years old surgically corrected, and shows the importance of contrast radiographic examination and ultrasound.(AU)

Citologia de medula óssea das primeiras seis semanas de vida de bovinos da raça Holandesa / Cytology of the bone marrow of the first six weeks of life of Holstein cattle

The possible changes in the bone marrow associated with hematological changes in peripheral blood during the first six weeks of life in cattle were evaluated. To this purpose, blood samples were evaluated at 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days of life, and cytologic examination of bone marrow at 2, 7, 21, and 42 days of life in 10 Holstein calves. The bone marrow examination showed, in different times, myeloid:erythroid ratio from 0.60 to 0.69. The erythroid lineage distribution remained pyramidal, with concentration of precursor cells above the initial reference values for adult cattle. Proliferation pool of myeloid lineage also remained above the reference range, with decreases of concentrations in the third and sixth weeks. In the lymphoid lineage, the concentration of lymphocytes showed a decrease in the first three weeks, with a tendency to rise in the sixth week.(AU)

Alterações citológicas do sangue periférico e da medula óssea de cães com cinomose / Cytological alterations of the bone marrow and peripheral blood of dogs with canine distemper

Avaliaram-se o mielograma, o hemograma e a ocorrência de apoptose no sangue periférico e na medula óssea de cães com cinomose de ocorrência natural. Foram utilizados 15 cães distribuídos em dois grupos: (a) controle - seis animais clinicamente saudáveis com RT-PCR negativa para o vírus da cinomose canina (CC); (b) infectado - nove animais com manifestações clínicas de CC e RT-PCR positiva. Dos cães com CC, oito (88,9 por cento) apresentaram anemia discreta a moderada (hematócrito: 30,6 por cento), normocítica (VCM: 67,9fL) e normocrômica (CHCM: 34,1g/dL). Todos os animais apresentaram contagens médias normais de leucócitos totais (11600 células/µL) e neutrófilos segmentados (8802 células/µL). Linfopenia foi observada em cinco animais (55,6 por cento) e desvio nuclear dos neutrófilos para a esquerda em oito (88,9 por cento). As contagens médias de linfócitos e neutrófilos bastonetes foram, respectivamente, 1054 e 1508células/µL. No mielograma, todos os animais apresentaram celularidade e relação M:E dentro dos limites de referência. O hemograma e a medula óssea dos cães-controle não apresentaram alteração e não havia células em apoptose no esfregaço sanguíneo desses animais. Nos cães com CC, a média do índice apoptótico foi 0,73 por cento no esfregaço sanguíneo e 1,87 por cento na medula óssea. A apoptose, portanto, pode estar envolvida na patogênese das alterações hematológicas observadas na CC.(AU)

The myelogram, the hemogram, and the occurrence of apoptosis in peripheral blood and bone marrow in dogs with canine distemper (CD) of natural occurrence were studied. Fifteen dogs were distributed into two groups: (a) control - six clinically healthy animals with RT-PCR negative for canine distemper virus (CDV); and (b) infected - nine animals showing clinical CD manifestations and RT-PCR positive. The majority of dogs with CD (88.9 percent) presented discrete to moderate (hematocrit: 30.6 percent), normocytic (MCH: 67.9fL) and normochromic (MCHC: 34.1g/dL) anemia. All animals showed total leukocytes counting (11,600 cells/µL) and segmented neutrophils (8,802 cells/µL) within the limits of reference. Lymphopenia and left shift neutrophils were observed in 55.6 percent and 88.9 percent of the dogs, respectively. Additionally, the average counts of lymphocytes and neutrophils were 1,054 and 1,508cells/µL, respectively. The myelogram of all animals presented cellularity and M:E relation within the limits of reference. Haemogram and bone marrow of the control dogs had no alteration. Moreover, no apoptotic cells were detected in the smear of the peripheral blood of control animals. On the other side, dogs with CD presented a higher apoptotic index (AI), both in the peripheral blood (AI: 0.73 percent) and in the bone marrow (AI: 1.87 percent). Therefore, apoptosis may contribute to hematological changes observed in CD.(AU)

Diagnóstico citológico de neoplasia pulmonar por meio de lavado broncoalveolar em uma cadela: relato de caso / Cytologic diagnosis of pulmonary neoplasm with bronchoalveolar lavage in a bitch: case report

Relata-se o caso de uma cadela de raça Poodle, de 12 anos de idade, com quadro clínico de tosse crônica não responsiva à terapia medicamentosa. O exame radiográfico mostrou imagem de consolidação do lobo pulmonar esquerdo. O exame de lavado broncoalveolar pelo broncofibroscópio mostrou células epiteliais com características de malignidade, permitindo firmar o diagnóstico de carcinoma pulmonar sem diferenciação entre neoplasia primária ou metastática.(AU)

This article reports a case of a bitch, Poodle, 12 year-old with chronic cough, which had insufficient response to medicamentous therapy. Thoracic radiographic revealed a lobar consolidation in left caudal pulmonary lobe. A bronchoalveolar lavage sample was collected by bronchoscopy for cytology examination. Malignant epithelial cells were observed through cytology allowing the diagnosis of carcinoma. The differential diagnosis between primary pulmonary neoplasm and metastatic neoplasm was not possible.(AU)

Histoplamose cutânea em gato: relato de caso / Cutaneous histoplasmosis in cat: a case report

Descreve-se um caso de histoplasmose cutânea em um gato, da raça Siamesa, com três anos de idade. O animal apresentava crescimento de aspecto esponjoso, sanguinolento, com secreção purulenta na região nasal, cuja evolução ocorreu em cerca de dois meses. O exame citológico revelou presença de Histoplasma capsulatum. O animal foi tratado com cetoconazol durante 20 dias, ocorrendo remissão completa dos sintomas.(AU)

A case of a cutenous histoplasmosis in a three-year-old male Siamese cat is described. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs and laboratory exams. Dramatic remission of clinical signs was observed with cetoconazol therapy.(AU)

Punção aspirativa por agulha fina para diagnóstico de mastocitoma em cães / Fine needle aspiration for diagnosis of mast cell tumors in dogs

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) associated with the cytological diagnosis mast cell tumor is a widely employed technique in human medicine, but it is still underused in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of FNA technique for the diagnosis of mast cell tumors in dogs. Over one year period all dogs referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais with tumor-like formations of the skin were submitted to FNA. In order to detect metastasis, both skin lesions and the regional lymph nodes were subjected to FNA. After surgical removal of the lesions, histological examination indicated a complete agreement with the cytological diagnosis. In conclusion, FNA technique is a good choice for diagnosis of mast cell tumors in dogs. In addition, FNA allows an adequate and early therapeutic planning.(AU)

Leiomiossarcoma pulmonar e renal em cão: relato de caso

This report describes a case of pulmonary and renal leiomyosarcoma in a nine-year-old Siberian Husky male dog with a history of progressive weight loss. Clinically, the animal had mildly pale mucosae and severe abdominal pain. Kidneys enlargement also was observed. On hemogram, a mild anemia was observed. On urinalysis, isosthenuria and renal epithelial cells were detected. Urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were normal. Bilateral renal neoplasia was diagnosed by laparotomy and the animal was submitted to euthanasia. On necropsy, many whitish firm nodules ranging from 0.5 to 4cm in diameter were found in the kidneys. The region of the hilum and the left apical lobe of the lungs had a mass with 11× 7cm in area which was well vascularized and had an irregular whitish surface with either firm or friable areas. There was also a whitish firm nodule with 1cm in diameter in the right apical lobe. Histological sections were stained by hematoxilin-eosin, Masson and van Gieson. Positivity for the vimentin and smooth muscle actin were detected by immunohistochemistry. Cytokeratin 1, 5, 10, 14, 8 and 7, protein S100 and CD68 markers showed negative reactions. The anatomopathological and immunohistochemistry features allowed the diagnosis of pulmonary and renal leiomyosarcoma. However, it was not possible to determine the primary site of the neoplasia.

Este relato descreve um caso de leiomiossarcoma pulmonar e renal em cão da raça Husky Siberiano, macho, de nove anos de idade e com histórico de emagrecimento progressivo há mais de três meses. Ao exame clínico, o animal apresentava palidez discreta das mucosas e dor intensa à palpação abdominal, além de aumento de volume acentuado dos rins. No hemograma, foi evidenciada anemia discreta e na urinálise foram observados isostenúria e grumos de células do epitélio renal. Os níveis plasmáticos de uréia e creatinina estavam dentro dos limites considerados normais. O animal foi sacrificado após a confirmação de neoplasia renal bilateral por laparotomia exploratória. À necropsia, os rins apresentavam vários nódulos de 0,5 a 4cm de diâmetro, esbranquiçados e firmes. Na região do hilo e no lobo apical esquerdo dos pulmões havia aumento de volume, com 11 × 7cm de extensão, de superfície irregular e bem vascularizada, esbranquiçada e com áreas de consistência ora firmes, ora friáveis. No lobo apical direito também havia um nódulo com 1cm de diâmetro, firme e esbranquiçado. Secções histológicas dos pulmões e dos rins foram coradas pela hematoxilina-eosina, Masson e Van Gieson. Foi detectada positividade, pela imuno-histoquímica, para a vimentina e actina alfa de músculo liso. Não houve imunomarcação para citoqueratinas 1, 5, 10, 14, 8 e 7, proteína S100 e para CD68. Com base nos achados anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos foi firmado o diagnóstico de leiomiossarcoma pulmonar e renal, sem, no entanto, definir o sítio primário da neoplasia.

Perfil hematológico de ratas castradas e intactas induzidas experimentalmente ao hipertireoidismo

The changes of red and white blood cells counts in intact and castrated rats with hyperthyroidism were analysed. A total of 108 five-month-old female Wistar rats, divided into four groups, were used as following: euthyroid castrated, euthyroid intact, hyperthyroid castrated and hyperthyroid intact. Nine animals of each group were killed at 30, 60 and 90 days to evaluate the red and white blood cells counts. The conclusion was that castration or hyperthyroidism did not affect both the red and white blood cells.

Ocorrência de apoptose em leucócitos no esfregaço de sangue periférico e em sincícios na infecção in vivo pelo vírus da cinomose canina / Occurrence of apoptosis in leukocytes in the peripheral blood smear and in syncytia in canine distemper infection in vivo

The aim of this paper is to report the occurrence of apoptosis in peripheral blood leukocytes and in syncytia induced by experimental infection of dogs with canine distemper virus. Blood was collected from nine puppies that were inoculated with the Snyder Hill strain of CDV, and stained with May Grunwaldt-Giemsa. Dogs were necropsied and retropharyngeal lymph nodes were collected and processed for paraffin embedding. Five micrometers thick sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and methyl green pyronin. Other sections were submitted to TUNEL reaction for in situ detection of apoptosis, and immunohistochemistry to detect CDV antigen. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of viral antigen. Syncytia were present in all retropharyngeal lymph nodes. Several syncytia contained apoptotic nuclei as detected by hematoxylin-eosin and methyl green pyronin stains. Apoptotic nuclei were labeled inside syncytia by the TUNEL reaction. Blood smear analyses indicated higher proportion of apoptotic leukocytes in the peripheral blood of infected dogs.(AU)