Electrolytic and hemogasometric parameters for female agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831) raised in captivity / Parâmetros eletrolíticos e hemogasométricos para cutias fêmeas (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831) criadas em cativeiro

Agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha, WAGLER 1831) have been studied in captivity as a potential source of meat for rural populations in Brazil, as a way of providing low-cost protein and easing hunting pressures in local communities. However, little is known about their physiological blood markers, which are crucial for animal husbandry and effective welfare management. This study provides hemogasometric and ionic venous parameters for female agoutis raised in captivity in the drylands of Brazil. Venous blood samples were collected from six females and analyzed for dissolved gases and ions in the blood. Hemogasometric parameters, especially base excess and anion gap were generally heterogenous, while ions varied little among individuals. Moreover, we observed high chlorine values and negative base excess values, which suggest that some animals might be implementing compensatory mechanisms for ion imbalances. We provide a preliminary note on agouti venous gases and ions, while reiterating the importance of the clinical context and in-house parameter definition to maximize accuracy.(AU)

Cutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha, WAGLER 1831) têm sido estudadas em cativeiro como uma fonte potencial de carne para populações rurais no Brasil, como uma forma de fornecer proteína de baixo custo e aliviar as pressões de caça nas comunidades locais. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre seus marcadores sanguíneos fisiológicos os quais são cruciais para a criação animal e o manejo eficaz do bem-estar. Este estudo fornece parâmetros hemogasométricos e iônicos veno-sos para cutias fêmeas criadas em cativeiro em regiões áridas do Brasil. Amostras de sangue venoso foram coletadas de seis fêmeas e analisadas para gases dissolvidos e íons no sangue. Os parâmetros hemogasométricos, especialmente o excesso de base e o anion gap, foram heterogêneos, enquanto os íons variaram pouco entre os indivíduos. Além disso, altos valores de cloro e valores negativos de excesso de base foram observados o que sugere que alguns animais podem estar desenvol-vendo mecanismos compensatórios para desequilíbrios iônicos. Um perfil preliminar sobre gases e íons venosos de cutias foi fornecido, ao mesmo tempo, destaca-se a importância do contexto clínico e da definição interna dos parâmetros para maximizar a precisão.(AU)

Anestesia de cutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) com dextrocetamina e midazolam / Anesthesia of agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) with dextroketamine and midazolam

Research has increasingly focused on wild animals, and this requires the use of chemical restraints that are safe for both the species and the team involved. Dextroketamine is the levorotatory ketamine isomer that has been used on domestic species as an alternative that is more potent and safer than the racemic form. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine that induces muscle relaxation and minimal cardiorespiratory changes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a combination of dextroketamine and midazolam can be safely used for the chemical restraint of agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha), and the effects of this protocol on physiological and anesthetic parameters. This study was carried out under conditions similar to those found for wild animals in captivity or in zoos. A pre-evaluation was also made to compare the baseline values of this study with those of other studies on the same species. Nine healthy adult agoutis were used, weighing between 1.5 kg and 2 kg. All the parameters were evaluated and recorded before the drugs were applied, and this was considered the baseline moment (M0). The dextroketamine and midazolam combination was then administered intramuscularly, in the same syringe, in dosages of 15 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. Successive evaluations were made every 10 min over a period of 40 min (M10, M20, M30 and M40). The latency stage of anesthesia, effective stage and recovery stage were observed. Heart rate (HR) and breathing frequency (f), body temperature (BT), systolic blood pressure (SBP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) and electrocardiogram were recorded. HR and SBP showed no significant difference between moments. Breathing frequency (f) showed a significant decline at M10 and M20 when compared to baseline values (P < 0.05). BT decreased from the moment the drugs were administered until the end of the experimental period, with a significant difference between M0 and M40, and M10 and M40 (P < 0.05). SpO2 decreased significantly at M10 and M20 when compared to baseline values (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the duration and amplitude of the P wave or in the duration of the QRS complex, QT interval and amplitude of the R wave. Regarding the PR interval, there was a significant difference only at M40 when compared to baseline values (P < 0.05). No arrhythmia was observed. An evaluation of the effects of anesthesia indicated that the animals had an average latency stage of 2 min, an effective stage of 87 min, and an average recovery stage of 111 min. Adverse effects observed during the anesthetic recovery period consisted of tearing, salivation, tongue protrusion, vocalization and chewing reflex. The results indicated that the association of anesthetic drugs under study caused minimal changes in the animals' physiological parameters, except for the breathing frequency (f), which declined considerably, resulting in a reduction in SpO2 , which was compensated during the study. In addition, there was a rapid onset of restraint and a satisfactory duration. Thus, from the cardiorespiratory standpoint, the combination of dextroketamine and midazolam in the doses used provides a safe anesthetic protocol for agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) and can be used for the chemical restraint of these animals for the performance of non-invasive and short-term procedures.(AU)

Descrição e morfometria do osso quadrado de Amazona aestiva e Diopsittaca nobilis / Description and morphometry of the quadrate bone of Amazona aestiva and Diopsittaca nobilis

This study aimed to describe the anatomical specificities and morphometric values of the quadrate bone of two species of psittacines. Were used the quadrate bones of twenty specimens of Amazona aestiva and three specimens of Diopsittaca nobilis donated for studies by the Paraíba Wild Animal Triage Center (CETAS-PB)/IBAMA. The bones presented similar characteristics, having the same crests and depressions. The results obtained provide data that may assist the veterinarian in better understanding the anatomy of this essential bone for craniocinesis.

Descrição e morfometria do osso quadrado de Amazona aestiva e Diopsittaca nobilis / Description and morphometry of the quadrate bone of Amazona aestiva and Diopsittaca nobilis

This study aimed to describe the anatomical specificities and morphometric values of the quadrate bone of two species of psittacines. Were used the quadrate bones of twenty specimens of Amazona aestiva and three specimens of Diopsittaca nobilis donated for studies by the Paraíba Wild Animal Triage Center (CETAS-PB)/IBAMA. The bones presented similar characteristics, having the same crests and depressions. The results obtained provide data that may assist the veterinarian in better understanding the anatomy of this essential bone for craniocinesis.(AU)

Descrição anatômica dos músculos do membro torácico da preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus) / Anatomical description of the forelimb muscles of the brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus)

Background: Brown-throated sloths are mammals of the order Xenarthra, suborder Pilosa, family Bradypodidae. These folivorous and arboreal animals, which possess a peculiar type of arboreal quadrupedalism, move through the forest canopy by means of suspensory locomotion. On the ground, their extremely slow movements make them easy targets for road accidents, often leading to serious injury or even death. This paper describes the forelimb muscles of the brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus), updating the literature on the subject to help veterinarians in clinical and surgical interventions on this species, and to provide data for comparative animal anatomy.Materials, Methods & Results: Five brown-throated sloths (Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825), two adults and three babies were dissected. The animals were donated by the Arruda Câmara Zoo and Botanical Park in João Pessoa, state of Paraíba, Brazil, where they were thawed and fixed in 10% formalin. The sloths’ forelimbs were dissected by lifting and folding over a skin flap to expose, identify and describe the underlying musculature. The dissection revealed the following muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoideus, teres major, subscapularis, coracobrachialis, brachialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, anconeus epitrochlearis, dorsoepitrochlearis, brachioradialis, supinator, pronator teres, pronator quadratus, extensor carpi radialis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi obliquus, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum communis, extensor digitorum lateralis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, extensor indicis longus second finger, extensor indicis brevis second finger, extensor digitorum third finger, abductor digitorum second finger, abductor digitorum third finger, palmaris brevis, and interosseous muscles.[...]

Descrição anatômica dos músculos do membro torácico da preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus) / Anatomical description of the forelimb muscles of the brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus)

Background: Brown-throated sloths are mammals of the order Xenarthra, suborder Pilosa, family Bradypodidae. These folivorous and arboreal animals, which possess a peculiar type of arboreal quadrupedalism, move through the forest canopy by means of suspensory locomotion. On the ground, their extremely slow movements make them easy targets for road accidents, often leading to serious injury or even death. This paper describes the forelimb muscles of the brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus), updating the literature on the subject to help veterinarians in clinical and surgical interventions on this species, and to provide data for comparative animal anatomy.Materials, Methods & Results: Five brown-throated sloths (Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825), two adults and three babies were dissected. The animals were donated by the Arruda Câmara Zoo and Botanical Park in João Pessoa, state of Paraíba, Brazil, where they were thawed and fixed in 10% formalin. The sloths forelimbs were dissected by lifting and folding over a skin flap to expose, identify and describe the underlying musculature. The dissection revealed the following muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoideus, teres major, subscapularis, coracobrachialis, brachialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, anconeus epitrochlearis, dorsoepitrochlearis, brachioradialis, supinator, pronator teres, pronator quadratus, extensor carpi radialis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi obliquus, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum communis, extensor digitorum lateralis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, extensor indicis longus second finger, extensor indicis brevis second finger, extensor digitorum third finger, abductor digitorum second finger, abductor digitorum third finger, palmaris brevis, and interosseous muscles.[...](AU)

Extrusão de disco intervertebral em cão – Relato de Caso / Extrusion of intervertebral disc in dog - Case Report

We report a case of an 11-year-old poodle dog that entered the veterinary clinic with nohistory of mechanical trauma presenting a mild ataxia without proprioceptive alterationsand underwent a CT scan, where a frame was observed characteristic of intervertebral discextrusion and a stenosis in the left vertebral foramen between the second and third thoracicvertebrae.

Extrusão de disco intervertebral em cão Relato de Caso / Extrusion of intervertebral disc in dog - Case Report

We report a case of an 11-year-old poodle dog that entered the veterinary clinic with nohistory of mechanical trauma presenting a mild ataxia without proprioceptive alterationsand underwent a CT scan, where a frame was observed characteristic of intervertebral discextrusion and a stenosis in the left vertebral foramen between the second and third thoracicvertebrae.(AU)

Obtenção de oócitos post mortem em Leopardus tigrinus Schreber, 1775: relato de caso / Obtention of post mortem oocytes in Leopardus tigrinus Schreber, 1775: case report

Entre as várias técnicas utilizadas para a preservação e manejo de espécies selvagens, as biotécnicas aplicadas à reprodução são apresentadas como alternativas promissoras na conservação do germoplasma de espécies ameaçadas, além de fornecer dados cada vez mais detalhados sobre a fisiologia reprodutiva dessas espécies. O presente relato pretende demonstrar a aplicabilidade da técnica de fatiamento ovariano (slicing) na recuperação de oócitos post mortem em um exemplar de gato-do-mato-pequeno (Leopardus tigrinus) vítima de atropelamento, observando a quantidade de oócitos e seus respectivos graus morfológicos para uma possível maturação celular. Um total de 88 oócitos foram coletados e estes foram classificados em três graus de acordo com sua conformação. A técnica de corte de ovário foi viável para a recuperação de oócitos na espécie e apresentou um número considerável de coleta com ovários em ótimo estado de conservação, no entanto, sugere-se a realização de estudos adicionais para obter dados complementares.(AU)

Among the various techniques used for the preservation and management of wild species, biotechniques applied to reproduction are presented as promising alternatives in the conservation of the germplasm of endangered species, as well as providing increasingly detailed data on the reproductive physiology of these species. The present report intends to demonstrate the applicability of the slicing technique in the recovery of postmortem oocytes in a small leopard (Leopardus tigrinus), a victim of trampling, observing the amount of oocytes and their respective morphological degrees for possible cell maturation. A total of 88 oocytes were collected and classified into three grades according to their conformation. The ovarian cutting technique was feasible for the recovery of oocytes in the species and presented a considerable number of ovarian collection in excellent condition, however, it is suggested to carry out additional studies to obtain complementary data.(AU)

Obtenção de oócitos post mortem em Leopardus tigrinus Schreber, 1775: relato de caso / Obtention of post mortem oocytes in Leopardus tigrinus Schreber, 1775: case report

Entre as várias técnicas utilizadas para a preservação e manejo de espécies selvagens, as biotécnicas aplicadas à reprodução são apresentadas como alternativas promissoras na conservação do germoplasma de espécies ameaçadas, além de fornecer dados cada vez mais detalhados sobre a fisiologia reprodutiva dessas espécies. O presente relato pretende demonstrar a aplicabilidade da técnica de fatiamento ovariano (slicing) na recuperação de oócitos post mortem em um exemplar de gato-do-mato-pequeno (Leopardus tigrinus) vítima de atropelamento, observando a quantidade de oócitos e seus respectivos graus morfológicos para uma possível maturação celular. Um total de 88 oócitos foram coletados e estes foram classificados em três graus de acordo com sua conformação. A técnica de corte de ovário foi viável para a recuperação de oócitos na espécie e apresentou um número considerável de coleta com ovários em ótimo estado de conservação, no entanto, sugere-se a realização de estudos adicionais para obter dados complementares.

Among the various techniques used for the preservation and management of wild species, biotechniques applied to reproduction are presented as promising alternatives in the conservation of the germplasm of endangered species, as well as providing increasingly detailed data on the reproductive physiology of these species. The present report intends to demonstrate the applicability of the slicing technique in the recovery of postmortem oocytes in a small leopard (Leopardus tigrinus), a victim of trampling, observing the amount of oocytes and their respective morphological degrees for possible cell maturation. A total of 88 oocytes were collected and classified into three grades according to their conformation. The ovarian cutting technique was feasible for the recovery of oocytes in the species and presented a considerable number of ovarian collection in excellent condition, however, it is suggested to carry out additional studies to obtain complementary data.

Anatomic bases for brachial plexus block of capuching (Sapajus libidinosus) / Bases anatômicas para o bloqueio anestésico do plexo braquial de macacos-prego (Sapajus libidinosus)

Background: In captivity, capuchin monkeys compete for space and rank. Fights can result in traumas, especially to the limbs, requiring interventions that are often outpatient. Local anesthesia as a tool in these procedures, as an aid to chemical restraint, is very relevant for small outpatient surgeries, or even for pain relief. Knowledge of peripheral nerve anatomy is essential to perform local anesthesia. Thus the objective of the present study was to determine, by anatomical studies of the brachial plexus region, the best access pathways for anesthetic blocking of the nerve. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven adult capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) were used, weighing 2-3 kg, fixed and preserved in formaldehyde aqueous solution at 10%. In five of these animals the supraclavicular, infraclavicular and axillar regions were dissected to visualize the muscles, clavicle and bracchial plexus nerves. An analogical pachymeter was used to measure the depth of the plexus in relation to the cranial and caudal clavicle face and axillary fossa, comparing the length of two hypodermic needles (13x4.5 mm and 15x5 mm). Simulation of the anesthetic block was tested in two animals: before dissecting an acrylic varnish solution was injected using a syringe and 13x4.5 mm needle in the supraclavicular, infraclavicular regions and axillary fossa. To assess the positioning points of the [...](AU)

Anatomic bases for brachial plexus block of capuching (Sapajus libidinosus) / Bases anatômicas para o bloqueio anestésico do plexo braquial de macacos-prego (Sapajus libidinosus)

Background: In captivity, capuchin monkeys compete for space and rank. Fights can result in traumas, especially to the limbs, requiring interventions that are often outpatient. Local anesthesia as a tool in these procedures, as an aid to chemical restraint, is very relevant for small outpatient surgeries, or even for pain relief. Knowledge of peripheral nerve anatomy is essential to perform local anesthesia. Thus the objective of the present study was to determine, by anatomical studies of the brachial plexus region, the best access pathways for anesthetic blocking of the nerve. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven adult capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) were used, weighing 2-3 kg, fixed and preserved in formaldehyde aqueous solution at 10%. In five of these animals the supraclavicular, infraclavicular and axillar regions were dissected to visualize the muscles, clavicle and bracchial plexus nerves. An analogical pachymeter was used to measure the depth of the plexus in relation to the cranial and caudal clavicle face and axillary fossa, comparing the length of two hypodermic needles (13x4.5 mm and 15x5 mm). Simulation of the anesthetic block was tested in two animals: before dissecting an acrylic varnish solution was injected using a syringe and 13x4.5 mm needle in the supraclavicular, infraclavicular regions and axillary fossa. To assess the positioning points of the [...]