Diet crude protein reduction on follicular fluid and cumulus-oocyte complexes of mid-lactating Girolando cows

This study evaluated the effect of crude protein (CP) reduction in four diets (156, 139, 132, and 127 g Kg-1 DM) maintaining constant metabolizable protein (188 g/day) on the follicular fluid and cumulus-oocyte complexes of mid-lactating Girolando cows. Twenty-two Girolando cows with average of 21.55 ±3.19 L daily milk yield, 105.30 ±22.62 days in lactation and 3.22 ±0.03 body condition score were selected. To reduce CP in diets and maintain constant metabolizable protein, urea and soybean meal were gradually replaced by lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal (SoyPass®, Cargill), resulting in an increase in rumen-undegradable protein and a reduction in rumen degradable protein. A linear and quadratic reduction was observed in the plasma and follicular fluid urea nitrogen concentration following CP reduction, with the most intense reduction occurring in the 127 g Kg-1 DM group (p<0.001). As CP reduced, there was a tendency for a linear increase in the follicular growth rate (P=0.0696), on the number and proportion of viable oocytes (P<0.09), and also a linear increase for the number (P=0.0397) and proportion (P<0.09) of grade I viable oocytes. Plus, there was a linear effect for the number of cumulus oophorus cells. Cows fed with the lowest amount of CP had cumulus-oocyte complexes with higher numbers of cumulus oophorus cells (P=0.0238). Also, the reduction of diet crude protein was followed by a decrease in the probability of oocytes' DNA degradation. In conclusion, the reduction of CP in the diet of mid-lactating Girolando cows, reduces urea nitrogen concentration in both blood plasma and follicular fluid, and, as a consequence, increases the viability of oocytes and the number of cumulus oophorus cells while reducing oocytes' DNA degradation of follicular included cumulus-oocyte complex. The reduction on dietary CP may improve in vivo oocytes' embryo development impacting fertility of lactating dairy cows.(AU)

Chromium supplementation modulates glucose metabolism in heatstressed Girolando dairy cows / Suplementação com cromo modula o metabolismo de glicose de vacas Girolando sob estresse térmico pelo calor

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary chromium supplementation on hepatic gene expression of lactating Girolando (Holstein x Gyr) cows under heat stress conditions in climatic chamber. Thirty-six ¾ Holstein x Gyr lactating cows were used, based on a 2x3 factorial scheme, to evaluate the effects of two diets (0 vs 0.50 mg of organic chromium kg-¹ dry matter) and three environmental conditions (ECs): heat stress conditions in climatic chamber with ad libitum feeding (HS), a thermoneutral environment with ad libitum feeding (TN), and a pair-fed group in a thermoneutral environment (PF). Under HS group, the expression levels of glucose transporter 2(GLUT2), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and growth hormone receptor (rGH) were down regulated (P 0.05). Heat stress caused changes in the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism, and organic chromium could modulate glucose metabolism in animals under heat stress conditions to some extent.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação com cromo na dieta na expressão gênica hepática de vacas Girolando (Holstein x Gyr) sob estresse térmico pelo calor em câmara climática. Foram utilizadas 36 vacas da raça Holandês x Gir, em um esquema fatorial 2x3, para avaliar duas dietas (0 vs 0,50 mg de cromo orgânico kg-1 de matéria seca) e três condições ambientais: condições de estresse térmico pelo calor em câmara climática com alimentação ad libitum (HS), ambiente termoneutro com alimentação ad libitum (TN) e um grupo com alimentação restrita em um ambiente termoneutro (PF). No grupo HS, as expressões de transportador de glicose 2 (GLUT2), glicose-6-fosfatase (G6Pase) e receptor de hormônio de crescimento (rGH) foram reguladas negativamente (P 0.05). O estresse térmico pelo calor causou alterações na expressão de genes relacionados ao metabolismo da glicose, e o cromo orgânico pode modular o metabolismo da glicose em animais sob essas condições de estresse pelo calor.

Chromium supplementation modulates glucose metabolism in heatstressed Girolando dairy cows / Suplementação com cromo modula o metabolismo de glicose de vacas Girolando sob estresse térmico pelo calor

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary chromium supplementation on hepatic gene expression of lactating Girolando (Holstein x Gyr) cows under heat stress conditions in climatic chamber. Thirty-six ¾ Holstein x Gyr lactating cows were used, based on a 2x3 factorial scheme, to evaluate the effects of two diets (0 vs 0.50 mg of organic chromium kg-¹ dry matter) and three environmental conditions (ECs): heat stress conditions in climatic chamber with ad libitum feeding (HS), a thermoneutral environment with ad libitum feeding (TN), and a pair-fed group in a thermoneutral environment (PF). Under HS group, the expression levels of glucose transporter 2(GLUT2), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and growth hormone receptor (rGH) were down regulated (P < 0.05) in chromium-supplemented cows compared to those in cows fed the control diet. GLUT2 expression was upregulated (P = 0.02) in the HS group and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was downregulated (P < 0.01) in the PF group in cows fed the control diet compared to the expressionin the TN group. No differences were observed between the ECs in terms of relative abundances of GLUT2, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), G6Pase, rGH, and IGF1 transcripts among the chromium-supplemented cows (P > 0.05). Heat stress caused changes in the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism, and organic chromium could modulate glucose metabolism in animals under heat stress conditions to some extent.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação com cromo na dieta na expressão gênica hepática de vacas Girolando (Holstein x Gyr) sob estresse térmico pelo calor em câmara climática. Foram utilizadas 36 vacas da raça Holandês x Gir, em um esquema fatorial 2x3, para avaliar duas dietas (0 vs 0,50 mg de cromo orgânico kg-1 de matéria seca) e três condições ambientais: condições de estresse térmico pelo calor em câmara climática com alimentação ad libitum (HS), ambiente termoneutro com alimentação ad libitum (TN) e um grupo com alimentação restrita em um ambiente termoneutro (PF). No grupo HS, as expressões de transportador de glicose 2 (GLUT2), glicose-6-fosfatase (G6Pase) e receptor de hormônio de crescimento (rGH) foram reguladas negativamente (P < 0,05) nas vacas suplementadas com cromo orgânico em comparação com as vacas alimentadas com a dieta controle. A expressão de GLUT2 foi regulada positivamente (P < 0,02) no grupo HS e o fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina 1 (IGF1) foi regulado negativamente (P < 0,01) no grupo PF em comparação como grupo TN para as vacas alimentadas com a dieta controle. Não foram observadas diferenças entre as diferentes condições ambientais na abundância relativa de GLUT2, fosfoenolpiruvato carboxiquinase (PEPCK), G6Pase, rGH e transcritos de IGF1 para as vacas suplementadas com cromo orgânico(P > 0.05). O estresse térmico pelo calor causou alterações na expressão de genes relacionados ao metabolismo da glicose, e o cromo orgânico pode modular o metabolismo da glicose em animais sob essas condições de estresse pelo calor.(AU)