Influência das endometrites nas estruturas ovarianas e qualidade oocitária em tratos reprodutivos post-mortem de vacas / Influence of endometritis on ovarian structures and oocyte quality in post mortem reproductive tract of cows

Objetivou-se no presente estudo estimar o percentual de endometrites clínicas (EC) e subclínicas (ES) em tratos reprodutivos post-mortem de fêmeas bovinas, verificando sua influência sobre as estruturas ovarianas, alterações presentes no ovário, número e qualidade de oócitos recuperados. Foram coletados e avaliados 171 tratos reprodutivos em matadouro frigorífico. As endometrites foram diagnosticadas por meio de citologia endometrial e pela presença e características das secreções uterinas. Os diagnósticos foram confirmados pela análise histopatológica, sendo avaliada a existência de infiltrados de células inflamatórias no endométrio. Os ovários foram avaliados macroscopicamente quanto à estrutura e alterações ovarianas. A qualidade oocitária foi avaliada de acordo com o número de camadas de células do cumulus e aspecto do citoplasma, sendo assim, classificados como: grau I (GI), grau II (GII), grau III (GIII) e grau IV (GIV). Dentre as peças avaliadas, 8,20% (n = 14) apresentaram EC e 4,10% (n = 7) foram diagnosticadas com ES. Observou-se que a presença de endometrites não exerceu efeito sobre as estruturas e alterações ovarianas, assim como não alterou o número de oócitos recuperados. Em relação ao grau de qualidade oocitária, foi encontrado variação entre os diferentes graus de qualidade dentro dos grupos, no entanto, não houve correlação aparente com a presença de infecção uterina.(AU)

The objective of this study was to estimate the percentage of clinical (CE) and subclinical (SE) endometritis in post mortem bovine reproductive tracts, analyzing their influence on ovarian structures, changes in the ovary, and number and quality of oocytes collected. Endometritis were diagnosed by endometrial cytology, and by the presence and characteristics of uterine secretions. The diagnosis was confirmed through histopathological analysis, by evaluating the presence of infiltrated inflammatory cells in the endometrium. The ovaries were macroscopically evaluated for presence of physiological structures and alterations. The oocyte quality evaluation was performed according to the number of cumulus cells layers and cytoplasmic aspect, being classified as: grade I (GI), grade II (GII), grade III (GIII) and grade IV (GIV). Among the uterus evaluated, 8,20% (n = 14) of the animals presented EC, and 4,10% (n = 7) were diagnosed with ES. It was observed that the presence of endometritis had no effect on ovarian structures and alterations, nor did it influence the number of oocytes collected. Regarding the degree of oocyte quality, a variation was found between the different grades of quality within the groups, however, there was no apparent correlation with the presence of uterine infection.(AU)

Influência das endometrites nas estruturas ovarianas e qualidade oocitária em tratos reprodutivos post-mortem de vacas / Influence of endometritis on ovarian structures and oocyte quality in post mortem reproductive tract of cows

Objetivou-se no presente estudo estimar o percentual de endometrites clínicas (EC) e subclínicas (ES) em tratos reprodutivos post-mortem de fêmeas bovinas, verificando sua influência sobre as estruturas ovarianas, alterações presentes no ovário, número e qualidade de oócitos recuperados. Foram coletados e avaliados 171 tratos reprodutivos em matadouro frigorífico. As endometrites foram diagnosticadas por meio de citologia endometrial e pela presença e características das secreções uterinas. Os diagnósticos foram confirmados pela análise histopatológica, sendo avaliada a existência de infiltrados de células inflamatórias no endométrio. Os ovários foram avaliados macroscopicamente quanto à estrutura e alterações ovarianas. A qualidade oocitária foi avaliada de acordo com o número de camadas de células do cumulus e aspecto do citoplasma, sendo assim, classificados como: grau I (GI), grau II (GII), grau III (GIII) e grau IV (GIV). Dentre as peças avaliadas, 8,20% (n = 14) apresentaram EC e 4,10% (n = 7) foram diagnosticadas com ES. Observou-se que a presença de endometrites não exerceu efeito sobre as estruturas e alterações ovarianas, assim como não alterou o número de oócitos recuperados. Em relação ao grau de qualidade oocitária, foi encontrado variação entre os diferentes graus de qualidade dentro dos grupos, no entanto, não houve correlação aparente com a presença de infecção uterina.

The objective of this study was to estimate the percentage of clinical (CE) and subclinical (SE) endometritis in post mortem bovine reproductive tracts, analyzing their influence on ovarian structures, changes in the ovary, and number and quality of oocytes collected. Endometritis were diagnosed by endometrial cytology, and by the presence and characteristics of uterine secretions. The diagnosis was confirmed through histopathological analysis, by evaluating the presence of infiltrated inflammatory cells in the endometrium. The ovaries were macroscopically evaluated for presence of physiological structures and alterations. The oocyte quality evaluation was performed according to the number of cumulus cells layers and cytoplasmic aspect, being classified as: grade I (GI), grade II (GII), grade III (GIII) and grade IV (GIV). Among the uterus evaluated, 8,20% (n = 14) of the animals presented EC, and 4,10% (n = 7) were diagnosed with ES. It was observed that the presence of endometritis had no effect on ovarian structures and alterations, nor did it influence the number of oocytes collected. Regarding the degree of oocyte quality, a variation was found between the different grades of quality within the groups, however, there was no apparent correlation with the presence of uterine infection.

Different ways to evaluate bovine sexed sperm in vitro

Over the years, many techniques for in vitro evaluation of sperm have been developed. Those assessments allow to perform structural, functional and molecular evaluations of the sperm cell. A combination of laboratory tests used simultaneously can provide more accurate information on sperm function and quality because sperm have multiple compartments with different functions. Many of those analyses have been used to assess the effect of sexing by flow cytometry on sperm cellular and molecular levels such as DNA methylation pattern, sperm shape, sperm morphology and capacity to remain viable after thawing. Considering that sexed sperm are submitted to a variety of adverse conditions during sorting, evaluation and identification of the possible damages caused by the sexing process are needed. It is expected that those information will help to develop procedures to improve results when sexed sperm is used. This review is focused on the recent results using structural, functional and molecular tests to evaluate sperm viability after sexing by flow cytometry.

Different ways to evaluate bovine sexed sperm in vitro

Over the years, many techniques for in vitro evaluation of sperm have been developed. Those assessments allow to perform structural, functional and molecular evaluations of the sperm cell. A combination of laboratory tests used simultaneously can provide more accurate information on sperm function and quality because sperm have multiple compartments with different functions. Many of those analyses have been used to assess the effect of sexing by flow cytometry on sperm cellular and molecular levels such as DNA methylation pattern, sperm shape, sperm morphology and capacity to remain viable after thawing. Considering that sexed sperm are submitted to a variety of adverse conditions during sorting, evaluation and identification of the possible damages caused by the sexing process are needed. It is expected that those information will help to develop procedures to improve results when sexed sperm is used. This review is focused on the recent results using structural, functional and molecular tests to evaluate sperm viability after sexing by flow cytometry. (AU)