Metastatic gallbladder adenocarcinoma in a cat

Biliary neoplasms are uncommon in cats and affect older animals. A 12-year-old female crossbreed cat showed prostration, lethargy, apathy, and severe jaundice. Ultrasonography showed distention of the gallbladder associated with severe obstruction of the bile ducts with thickening of the biliary wall, forming amorphous masses of irregular contour and heterogeneous appearance directed to the lumen measuring up to 2 cm. Necropsy showed a gallbladder with a yellowish and soft nodule measuring 3 × 3 cm, compressing the extrahepatic bile duct, occluding the passage of bile. There were also firm, yellowish multifocal to coalescing nodules in the liver, ranging from 0.5 to 1 cm, affecting 10% of the organ, in addition to lungs with firm, yellowish multifocal nodules ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 cm, affecting 20% of the organ. Histologically, gallbladder and bile ducts had malignant epithelial neoplastic proliferation, which was organized into multiple papillary and ductal projections, separated by moderate fibrovascular stroma compatible with gallbladder adenocarcinoma. The liver and lungs also contained neoplastic structures with a ductal appearance and papilliform projections identical to those observed in the gallbladder. The immunohistochemical examination (IHC) showed intense positive staining of epithelial neoplastic cells for pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and no staining for vimentin (Clone V9). The diagnosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma with metastasis in the liver and lungs was established based on the clinical, macroscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings.(AU)

Polysaccharide storage myopathy in two Percheron horses / Miopatia por acúmulo de polissacarídeo em dois equinos da raça Percheron

Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) is a genetic disorder or by undetermined cause characterized by the abnormal accumulation of glycogen and polysaccharides in skeletal muscle fibers. The present report describes two Percheron horses, from different properties in the municipality of Pouso Redondo -SC, with locomotor clinical signs that started after work. The clinical signs observed were rigid gait, mainly of the pelvic limbs, muscle weakness, and recumbency. In the first case, the animal was diagnosed with severe multifocal rhabdomyonecrosis, moderate multifocal myoglobin nephrosisand severe diffuse transmural fibrinonecrotic gastritis. PSSM was confirmed by the presence of polysaccharide inclusions in myofiber sarcolemma visualized by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. In the second case, the horse presented two episodes ofmuscle disorder after work. The therapeutic protocol was based on penicillin, flunixin meglumine and fluid therapy with ringer lactate. An increase in creatine kinase (669.0 UI/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (669.0 UI/L) was observed in the serum biochemical evaluation. Research for mutation in the GYS1 gene was performed, with a positive heterozygote result. After rest and gradual recovery, the horse was only submitted to light work, with no return of the clinical condition since then. Thus, this report describes two cases of PSSM with distinct clinical evolution and diagnostic methods.(AU)

A miopatia por acúmulo de polissacarídeos (PSSM) é uma desordem genética ou de causa indeterminada caracterizada pelo acúmulo anormal de glicogênio e polissacarídeos nas fibras musculares esqueléticas. O presente relato descreve dois cavalos Percheron, oriundos de diferentes propriedades do município de Pouso Redondo ­SC, com sinais clínicos locomotores que iniciaram após o trabalho. Os sinais clínicos observados foram marcha rígida, principalmente dos membros pélvicos, fraqueza muscular, e decúbito. No primeiro caso, o animal foi diagnosticado com rabdomionecrose multifocal acentuada, nefrose mioglobínica multifocal moderada e gastrite fibrinonecrótica transmural difusa acentuada. A PSSM foi confirmada pela presença de inclusões polissacarídicas no sarcolema de miofibras visualizadas pela coloração com ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS). No segundo caso, o equino apresentou dois episódios de disfunção muscular após o trabalho. O protocolo terapêutico foi baseado em penicilina, flunixin megluminee fluidoterapia com ringer lactato. Um aumento de creatina quinase (669,0 UI/L) e aspartato aminotransferase (669,0 UI/L) foi observado na avaliação bioquímica sérica. Foi realizada pesquisa de mutação nogene GYS1, com resultado heterozigoto positivo. Após repouso e recuperação gradual, o cavalo foi submetido apenas a trabalhos leves, sem retorno do quadro clínico desde então. Assim, este relato descreve dois casos com PSSM com evolução clínica e métodos diagnósticos distintos.(AU)

Surto de botulismo tipo C em aves de subsistência em Santa Catarina, Brasil / Outbreak of type C botulism in backyard poultry in Santa Catarina, Brazil

Background: Botulism is a disease caused by the ingestion of neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, characterizedby flaccid paralysis, which can lead to high mortality. They have seven types of neurotoxins (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) and,in birds, most cases are attributed to type C. They are considered sources of botulinum toxins where the decomposition oforganic matter occurs, like stagnant water and rotting food. The main feature of the disease in birds is ascending symmetricflaccid paralysis. The present study aims to describe an outbreak of type C botulism in backyard poultry in the state ofSanta Catarina, Southern Brazil.Case: A visit was made to the property with 160 backyard poultry with a history of high mortality in the municipality ofAgrolândia, Santa Catarina. Clinical signs were characterized by paralysis of the pelvic limbs, neck and pendular wings,which progressed to death within 48 h. There was a mortality rate of 37.5% (60/160) between March and May 2019. Thesebirds were kept in an overcrowded environment, with different species (chickens, ducks, teals, and turkeys) fed irregularly.The water supplied was provided from kitchen exhaust, accumulating in puddles on the floor that contained organic matterresidues such as animal feces, food waste and bone fragments. The disposal of the carcasses of birds that died was in thesame enclosure, buried superficially, facilitating the access of other birds to dig them up and consume them. Necropsywas performed on 2 chickens and one duck, no macroscopic or histopathological lesions were observed. Blood, liver, andgastrointestinal content samples were sent for research and identification of botulinum toxin through the serum neutralization test in mice. The presence of type C botulinum toxin was confirmed in the liver chicken of one sampled animals.Discussion: The identification of type C botulism toxin enabled the characterization of the outbreak, which is...

Surto de botulismo tipo C em aves de subsistência em Santa Catarina, Brasil / Outbreak of type C botulism in backyard poultry in Santa Catarina, Brazil

Background: Botulism is a disease caused by the ingestion of neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, characterizedby flaccid paralysis, which can lead to high mortality. They have seven types of neurotoxins (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) and,in birds, most cases are attributed to type C. They are considered sources of botulinum toxins where the decomposition oforganic matter occurs, like stagnant water and rotting food. The main feature of the disease in birds is ascending symmetricflaccid paralysis. The present study aims to describe an outbreak of type C botulism in backyard poultry in the state ofSanta Catarina, Southern Brazil.Case: A visit was made to the property with 160 backyard poultry with a history of high mortality in the municipality ofAgrolândia, Santa Catarina. Clinical signs were characterized by paralysis of the pelvic limbs, neck and pendular wings,which progressed to death within 48 h. There was a mortality rate of 37.5% (60/160) between March and May 2019. Thesebirds were kept in an overcrowded environment, with different species (chickens, ducks, teals, and turkeys) fed irregularly.The water supplied was provided from kitchen exhaust, accumulating in puddles on the floor that contained organic matterresidues such as animal feces, food waste and bone fragments. The disposal of the carcasses of birds that died was in thesame enclosure, buried superficially, facilitating the access of other birds to dig them up and consume them. Necropsywas performed on 2 chickens and one duck, no macroscopic or histopathological lesions were observed. Blood, liver, andgastrointestinal content samples were sent for research and identification of botulinum toxin through the serum neutralization test in mice. The presence of type C botulinum toxin was confirmed in the liver chicken of one sampled animals.Discussion: The identification of type C botulism toxin enabled the characterization of the outbreak, which is...(AU)

Abortamento por Neospora caninum em bovinos de leite no sul de Santa Catarina, Brasil / Abortion due to Neospora caninum in dairy cattle in Southern Santa Catarina state, Brazil

Background: Neosporosis is a cosmopolitan disease known as the main infectious cause of abortion in cattle, reported in several states in Brazil. The transplacental transmission in cattle is responsible for perpetuating the disease in the herd. In the state of Santa Catarina, previous studies on this protozoan in cattle are mostly serological surveys. To increase information about this reproductive disorder, this work describes the diagnosis of abortions due to Neospora caninum in dairy cattle from state of Santa Catarina and the follow-up for 4 years in a farm affected by neosporosis. Cases: From 2015 to 2019, necropsy was performed on 10 aborted bovine fetuses, between fifth and eighth month of pregnancy, with 1 fetus aborted in 2015, 3 in 2016, 2 in 2017 and, 4 in 2019, all originating from the same dairy property in the southern region of state of Santa Catarina. No macroscopic lesions were found. Histopathology revealed mild to moderate multifocal mononuclear necrotizing encephalitis in 5 fetuses, and multifocal mild mononuclear myositis and myocarditis in 4 and 3 fetuses, respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using primers based on the Nc-5 gene was positive for N. caninum in five fetuses. Three visits were performed in the farm for epidemiological evaluation and blood samples collection for IgG antibodies anti-N. caninum (IFAT). The total herd was 170 Jersey, Holstein and crossbred cattle, raised in a semi-confined system with mechanical milking system. Since 2014, there has been a significant increase in abortions cases, approximately 20 cows had abortions; in the year 2015, approximately 10; in 2016, less than 5; in 2017, 4 cows aborted; in 2018, 11 abortions and, in 2019, there were 4 abortions. An increase in the rate of return to estrus was also reported, and both primiparous and multiparous cows had reproductive disorders. Abortions were recorded throughout the year and occurred predominantly between the fourth and sixth month of pregnancy. In 2016, an Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction (IFAT) was performed on sera from 26 cows (13 with a history of reproductive disorders and another 13 without disorders). Of these, 50.0% (13/26) were seropositive, with titers ranging from 100 to 1600 (cutoff ≥100). The Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA) of the entire herd was carried out in 2017, with 26.54% (43/162) of seropositivity, 8.02% (13/162) suspect, and 30.4% (17/56) had reproductive disorders. It was observed that only animals born on the property were used for replacement, there was less possibility of direct contact between dogs on the property with milking facilities, placental and fetal remains, properly disposing of these, incinerating or burying. Thirty animals were discarded from the property, 25 of which had reproductive disorders. All young female daughters of seropositive cows remained on the property for replacement. During the evaluation period, all dogs were eliminated. Discussion: In this study, the diagnosis of neosporosis was made through epidemiology, histopathological lesions characterized by mononuclear encephalitis, myocarditis and myositis, and detection of the agent by PCR, associated with serological techniques. The lesions observed are indicative of N. caninum infection and are compatible with lesions observed in other studies. Serological screening is important to complement the diagnosis of abortion by N. caninum and to help control the agent in herds. From this report it is concluded that N. caninum is an important agent of reproductive disorders in cattle in the southern region of Santa Catarina, the different serological analyzes showed a good screening index for the inclusion of control strategies. In addition, the monitoring of reproductive rates of affected properties becomes necessary over the years, allowing better observation of control strategies.

Carcinoma com metástase em coluna vertebral em dois cães / Carcinoma with vertebral column metastasis in two dogs

Background: Carcinomas are aggressive and invasive malignancies that originate from any type of epithelial cell and are responsible for many deaths in dogs. Carcinoma metastases occur primarily via the lymphatic route; however, they can occur by blood flow, thus reaching bone structures. In dogs, metastasis of mammary and squamous cell carcinomas to the skeletal system is poorly described. The aim of this study was to report two cases of dogs that developed metastases of carcinomas to the vertebral column. Cases: Case 1. A 10-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog with paralysis of the left pelvic limb, subcutaneous mass in the lumbar region, apathy, anorexia and progressive weight loss and with a previous history of amputation of the right pelvic limb resulting from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the integument of the cranial face of the femorotibiopatellar joint. Due to the patient’s clinical condition and the negative prognosis associated with the neoplasia, euthanasia was performed. At necropsy, infiltrating the lumbar vertebrae from L5 to L7, a whitish and firm mass of approximately 15 x 8 cm was observed. Histologically, it comprised a malignant epithelial neoplastic development consisting of nests and cords interspersed with fibrovascular stroma, containing multiple keratine pearls. There was moderate to severe anisocytosis, severe anisokariosis, and about 4 mitosis figures for every 10 high power fields (400x). The histological features were consistent with an invasive SCC. Anti-cytokeratin and anti-p63 immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations were performed, both with immunoreactivity in neoplastic cells. Case 2. An 8-year-old, female, Chihuahua with bilateral paralysis of the pelvic limbs, anorexia, and progressive weight loss, with a history of excision of solid mammary carcinoma. The clinical condition...

Carcinoma com metástase em coluna vertebral em dois cães / Carcinoma with vertebral column metastasis in two dogs

Background: Carcinomas are aggressive and invasive malignancies that originate from any type of epithelial cell and are responsible for many deaths in dogs. Carcinoma metastases occur primarily via the lymphatic route; however, they can occur by blood flow, thus reaching bone structures. In dogs, metastasis of mammary and squamous cell carcinomas to the skeletal system is poorly described. The aim of this study was to report two cases of dogs that developed metastases of carcinomas to the vertebral column. Cases: Case 1. A 10-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog with paralysis of the left pelvic limb, subcutaneous mass in the lumbar region, apathy, anorexia and progressive weight loss and with a previous history of amputation of the right pelvic limb resulting from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the integument of the cranial face of the femorotibiopatellar joint. Due to the patients clinical condition and the negative prognosis associated with the neoplasia, euthanasia was performed. At necropsy, infiltrating the lumbar vertebrae from L5 to L7, a whitish and firm mass of approximately 15 x 8 cm was observed. Histologically, it comprised a malignant epithelial neoplastic development consisting of nests and cords interspersed with fibrovascular stroma, containing multiple keratine pearls. There was moderate to severe anisocytosis, severe anisokariosis, and about 4 mitosis figures for every 10 high power fields (400x). The histological features were consistent with an invasive SCC. Anti-cytokeratin and anti-p63 immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations were performed, both with immunoreactivity in neoplastic cells. Case 2. An 8-year-old, female, Chihuahua with bilateral paralysis of the pelvic limbs, anorexia, and progressive weight loss, with a history of excision of solid mammary carcinoma. The clinical condition...(AU)

Unilateral idiopathic renal hematuria in a dog / Hematúria renal idiopática unilateral em um cão

Idiopathic renal hematuria is diagnosed in situations where the cause of hematuria is not clear, even after ruling out all possible differential diagnoses. A 14-year-old female Cocker Spaniel with continuous hematuria as the only clinical sign for two months. Concomitant changes were ruled out by blood tests, urinalysis, and abdominal ultrasonography. It was evidenced that hematuria originated from the left kidney through ureteral catheterization and the diagnosis of idiopathic renal hematuria was determined by excluding other possible causes of renal hematuria. Idiopathic renal hematuria is a rarely reported disease but has great importance as a differential diagnosis in cases where the main clinical sign is hematuria.

A hematúria renal idiopática é diagnosticada em situações onde a razão da hematúria não é esclarecida, descartando-se todos os possíveis diagnósticos diferenciais. Um cão, fêmea, Cocker Spaniel com 14 anos de idade manifestou hematúria contínua como único sinal clínico, por dois meses. Foram descartadas alterações concomitantes, por meio de exames de sangue, urinálise e ultrassonografia abdominal. A hematúria proveniente do rim esquerdo foi evidenciada através de cateterização ureteral e o diagnóstico de hematúria renal idiopática foi obtido por meio da exclusão de outras possíveis causas de hematúria renal. A hematúria renal idiopática é uma doença pouco relatada, no entanto apresenta grande importância como diagnóstico diferencial nos casos onde o principal sinal clínico é a hematúria.

Avaliação anatomopatológica de testículos de bovinos(Bos taurus) superprecoces submetidos a imunocastração / Anatomopathological evaluation of young bulls (Bos taurus) testicles submitted to immunocastration

Background: Immunocastration is a less invasive and painless procedure compared to surgical castration, which causesgreater stress to animals, especially when performed improperly. Immunocastration stimulates the production of antibodiesagainst Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), temporarily blocking the hormone production by the male gonads.Anatomopathological evaluation of animals submitted to immunocastration with the establishment of different degrees oftesticular degeneration helps to evaluate the efficacy of the different dose ranges used for this procedure. Because of thescarcity of information about this procedure in young bulls, the study aimed to compare the immunocastrated and noncastrated animals.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Angus-Limousin bulls were used from weaning (7±1 months) to slaughtering(15±1 months) with the establishment of two groups composed of nine non-castrated (NC) and nine immunocastrated (IC)animals. In the IC group, three doses of GnRH synthesis inhibitor vaccine (Bopriva®) were applied on days 0 (weaning),87 and 223. At slaughter, scrotal circumference, weight (kg), width (cm), length (cm) and total size (width x length) of thetesticles were obtained, then were routinely processed for histopathological analysis. Four degrees of testicular degeneration was established: grade 0 (no changes), grade 1 (mild), grade 2 (moderate) and grade 3 (severe). Statistical analysiswas performed using Student’s t-test to compare the means of macroscopic variables. The scrotal circumference startedto decrease in the IC animals on day 132, with a certain growth from day 194. There was a significant difference betweenthe two groups for width (P = 0.001), length (P = 0.004), total size (P = 0.003) and scrotal circumference (P = 0.04).Testicles of the IC group tended to be lighter (P = 0.06)...

Typhlocolitis by Edwardsiella tarda in a cow

Background: Edwardsiella tarda has been report as etiology of gastroenteritis in both human and veterinary medicine,usually associated with exposure to aquatic environments in immunocompromised individuals. The present report describesa case of typhlocolitis in a cow in the west region of Santa Catarina state, Brazil.Case: After clinically evaluation of animal and proceeding euthanasia and realized the necropsy. Tissue samples were collected, and routinely processed for histological examination. Histopathological lesions were described as mild, moderateand severe. Tissue and swabs samples of small and large intestine were sent to standard microbiological culture processing.At necropsy, cattle presented severe dehydration and emaciation. Eye and vaginal mucosa were severely congested. Theopening of the abdominal cavity revealed a great amount of greenish fluid and a large amount of fecal material, associatedwith diffuse severe peritonitis, evidenced by hyperemia and severe deposition of fibrin in the visceral and parietal peritonealsurface. In the serosa of the cecum, there were two points of rupture, observed in the proximal colon. The mucosa of cecumand colon were severely edematous, hyperemic, and presented diffusely distributed pinpoint round hemorrhages, as wellas fibrinonecrotic material adhered to the surface. Histologically, in the mucosa of cecum and colon, moderate to severediffuse inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells associated with multifocal severe necrosiswere observed. Moderate diffuse fibrin deposition was evidenced in the submucosa and muscular, as well as multifocalmoderate necrosis in the muscular layer. In the serous, severe diffuse inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils associated withfibrin deposition and innumerous coccoid bacterial colonies were observed. The samples subjected to bacterial isolationshowed growth of Edwardsiella tarda. All samples were negative for Salmonella spp. and...

Surto de Pasteurelose por Pasteurella multocida tipo A em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / Pasteurellosis outbreak due to Pasteurella multocida type A in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Background: Pasteurellosis is a common disease of cattle, pigs, and poultry, which rarely affects humans. In rabbits, therespiratory presentation of the disease is frequently reported. Clinical signs related to bronchopneumonia include sneezing, lung stertors, oculonasal discharge, dyspnea and cyanosis. Infection may lead to otitis, conjunctivitis, abscesses andsepsis. Furthermore, Pasteurella multocida infection may lead to sudden death without clinical manifestations. Reports ofpasteurellosis in rabbits are scarce in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this article is to describe an outbreak of pasteurellosis with high mortality in a rabbity in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: Two adult rabbits were submitted for necropsy at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Instituto Federal Catarinense- Campus Concórdia, within an interval of twenty days. Herd was represented by 40 animals, of which six fattening rabbits andthree breeders died. Animals were kept in suspended cages with slatted floor. Clinical signs were represented by prostration,sneezing, and mucopurulent nasal discharge. In addition, wounds were observed in the distal portion of the limbs. Death occurredup to two days after the onset of clinical signs. Necropsies were performed and tissue samples were collected for histopathologic,immunohistochemical and microbiologic (bacterial culture and antibiogram) exams. At the necropsy, severe diffuse fibrinousexudate covering the pericardium sac, visceral and parietal pleural surfaces was noted, as well as multiple diaphragm adhesions.In addition, the lungs presented diffuse red coloration and showed multiple abscesses ranging from 0.3 to 1cm in diameter. Thenasal sinus and the tracheal mucosa showed diffuse reddening (rabbits 1 and 2). Abscesses up to 2 cm in diameter were observedin the mammary glands (rabbit 1), heart and kidneys (rabbit 2). The urinary bladder...

Typhlocolitis by Edwardsiella tarda in a cow

Background: Edwardsiella tarda has been report as etiology of gastroenteritis in both human and veterinary medicine,usually associated with exposure to aquatic environments in immunocompromised individuals. The present report describesa case of typhlocolitis in a cow in the west region of Santa Catarina state, Brazil.Case: After clinically evaluation of animal and proceeding euthanasia and realized the necropsy. Tissue samples were collected, and routinely processed for histological examination. Histopathological lesions were described as mild, moderateand severe. Tissue and swabs samples of small and large intestine were sent to standard microbiological culture processing.At necropsy, cattle presented severe dehydration and emaciation. Eye and vaginal mucosa were severely congested. Theopening of the abdominal cavity revealed a great amount of greenish fluid and a large amount of fecal material, associatedwith diffuse severe peritonitis, evidenced by hyperemia and severe deposition of fibrin in the visceral and parietal peritonealsurface. In the serosa of the cecum, there were two points of rupture, observed in the proximal colon. The mucosa of cecumand colon were severely edematous, hyperemic, and presented diffusely distributed pinpoint round hemorrhages, as wellas fibrinonecrotic material adhered to the surface. Histologically, in the mucosa of cecum and colon, moderate to severediffuse inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells associated with multifocal severe necrosiswere observed. Moderate diffuse fibrin deposition was evidenced in the submucosa and muscular, as well as multifocalmoderate necrosis in the muscular layer. In the serous, severe diffuse inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils associated withfibrin deposition and innumerous coccoid bacterial colonies were observed. The samples subjected to bacterial isolationshowed growth of Edwardsiella tarda. All samples were negative for Salmonella spp. and...(AU)

Surto de Pasteurelose por Pasteurella multocida tipo A em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / Pasteurellosis outbreak due to Pasteurella multocida type A in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Background: Pasteurellosis is a common disease of cattle, pigs, and poultry, which rarely affects humans. In rabbits, therespiratory presentation of the disease is frequently reported. Clinical signs related to bronchopneumonia include sneezing, lung stertors, oculonasal discharge, dyspnea and cyanosis. Infection may lead to otitis, conjunctivitis, abscesses andsepsis. Furthermore, Pasteurella multocida infection may lead to sudden death without clinical manifestations. Reports ofpasteurellosis in rabbits are scarce in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this article is to describe an outbreak of pasteurellosis with high mortality in a rabbity in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: Two adult rabbits were submitted for necropsy at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Instituto Federal Catarinense- Campus Concórdia, within an interval of twenty days. Herd was represented by 40 animals, of which six fattening rabbits andthree breeders died. Animals were kept in suspended cages with slatted floor. Clinical signs were represented by prostration,sneezing, and mucopurulent nasal discharge. In addition, wounds were observed in the distal portion of the limbs. Death occurredup to two days after the onset of clinical signs. Necropsies were performed and tissue samples were collected for histopathologic,immunohistochemical and microbiologic (bacterial culture and antibiogram) exams. At the necropsy, severe diffuse fibrinousexudate covering the pericardium sac, visceral and parietal pleural surfaces was noted, as well as multiple diaphragm adhesions.In addition, the lungs presented diffuse red coloration and showed multiple abscesses ranging from 0.3 to 1cm in diameter. Thenasal sinus and the tracheal mucosa showed diffuse reddening (rabbits 1 and 2). Abscesses up to 2 cm in diameter were observedin the mammary glands (rabbit 1), heart and kidneys (rabbit 2). The urinary bladder...(AU)

Avaliação anatomopatológica de testículos de bovinos(Bos taurus) superprecoces submetidos a imunocastração / Anatomopathological evaluation of young bulls (Bos taurus) testicles submitted to immunocastration

Background: Immunocastration is a less invasive and painless procedure compared to surgical castration, which causesgreater stress to animals, especially when performed improperly. Immunocastration stimulates the production of antibodiesagainst Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), temporarily blocking the hormone production by the male gonads.Anatomopathological evaluation of animals submitted to immunocastration with the establishment of different degrees oftesticular degeneration helps to evaluate the efficacy of the different dose ranges used for this procedure. Because of thescarcity of information about this procedure in young bulls, the study aimed to compare the immunocastrated and noncastrated animals.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Angus-Limousin bulls were used from weaning (7±1 months) to slaughtering(15±1 months) with the establishment of two groups composed of nine non-castrated (NC) and nine immunocastrated (IC)animals. In the IC group, three doses of GnRH synthesis inhibitor vaccine (Bopriva®) were applied on days 0 (weaning),87 and 223. At slaughter, scrotal circumference, weight (kg), width (cm), length (cm) and total size (width x length) of thetesticles were obtained, then were routinely processed for histopathological analysis. Four degrees of testicular degeneration was established: grade 0 (no changes), grade 1 (mild), grade 2 (moderate) and grade 3 (severe). Statistical analysiswas performed using Students t-test to compare the means of macroscopic variables. The scrotal circumference startedto decrease in the IC animals on day 132, with a certain growth from day 194. There was a significant difference betweenthe two groups for width (P = 0.001), length (P = 0.004), total size (P = 0.003) and scrotal circumference (P = 0.04).Testicles of the IC group tended to be lighter (P = 0.06)...(AU)

Unilateral idiopathic renal hematuria in a dog / Hematúria renal idiopática unilateral em um cão

Idiopathic renal hematuria is diagnosed in situations where the cause of hematuria is not clear, even after ruling out all possible differential diagnoses. A 14-year-old female Cocker Spaniel with continuous hematuria as the only clinical sign for two months. Concomitant changes were ruled out by blood tests, urinalysis, and abdominal ultrasonography. It was evidenced that hematuria originated from the left kidney through ureteral catheterization and the diagnosis of idiopathic renal hematuria was determined by excluding other possible causes of renal hematuria. Idiopathic renal hematuria is a rarely reported disease but has great importance as a differential diagnosis in cases where the main clinical sign is hematuria.(AU)

A hematúria renal idiopática é diagnosticada em situações onde a razão da hematúria não é esclarecida, descartando-se todos os possíveis diagnósticos diferenciais. Um cão, fêmea, Cocker Spaniel com 14 anos de idade manifestou hematúria contínua como único sinal clínico, por dois meses. Foram descartadas alterações concomitantes, por meio de exames de sangue, urinálise e ultrassonografia abdominal. A hematúria proveniente do rim esquerdo foi evidenciada através de cateterização ureteral e o diagnóstico de hematúria renal idiopática foi obtido por meio da exclusão de outras possíveis causas de hematúria renal. A hematúria renal idiopática é uma doença pouco relatada, no entanto apresenta grande importância como diagnóstico diferencial nos casos onde o principal sinal clínico é a hematúria.(AU)

Medulloblastoma in a calf of the flemish breed / Meduloblastoma em bezerro da raça Flamenga

Medulloblastomas are neuroectodermal tumors of embryonic origin developing in cerebellum and spinal cord and have an unusual occurrence. When occurs in cattle, it is observed in neonatal cases, leading to multiple neurological clinical signs. Flemish cattle are considered at risk of extinction and the rare specimens of Brazil are in Lages, Santa Catarina. The case of a two-month-old calf with difficulty to remain in a standing position, imbalance, opisthotonus, strabismus, and broad-based gait is described in this study. The animal was euthanized and the necropsy showed an irregular, whitish pink, and friable mass in the cerebellar vermis region, measuring 5×6×3.8 cm associated with the dilation of the lateral ventricles, which extended through the interventricular foramen, midbrain aqueduct, and fourth ventricle. Histologically, it presented elongated triangular neuronal cells arranged in a dense sheet that sometimes encircled small areas of neuropil to form Homer-Wright pseudorosettes. These tumor characteristics were compatible with a medulloblastoma. The immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of the tumor demonstrated a positive staining for vimentin in neoplastic cells and glial fibrillary acidic protein in neoplastic stromal cells, non-reactive for synaptophysin, and negative for S100 protein and pan-cytokeratin. The histological and topographical characteristics were paramount for determining the medulloblastoma diagnosis and the IHC panl is similar to that observed in other studies. Tumor growth is limited by skull bony structures, allowing determining that the clinical signs expressed by the animal were directly related to the compression of important functional structures due to tumor expansion. Medulloblastoma is an unusual tumor in all animal species, not previously reported in Flemish cattle, and necropsy followed by histopathological examination is essential for diagnosis.(AU)

Meduloblastomas são tumores da neuroectoderme com origem embrionária, que se desenvolvem no cerebelo e na medula espinhal com ocorrência incomum. Quando ocorre em bovinos é observado em casos neonatal, levando a múltiplos sinais clínicos neurológicos. Os bovinos da raça Flamenga estão considerados em risco de extinção e os raros exemplares do Brasil estão localizados em Lages, Santa Catarina. Descreve-se o caso de um bezerro com dois meses de idade, apresentando dificuldade para manter-se em estação, desequilíbrio, opistótono, estrabismo e caminhar em base ampla. O animal foi submetido a eutanásia e na necropsia observou-se na região do vérmis do cerebelo uma massa irregular, rosa esbranquiçada e friável, medindo 5x6x3,8cm associado a dilatação dos ventrículos laterais, que prolongava pelo forame interventricular, aqueduto do mesencéfalo e IV ventrículo. Histologicamente, observava células neuronais triangulares alongadas organizadas em um lençol denso, que às vezes circundavam pequenas áreas de neurópilo para formar pseudorosetas de Homer-Wright, estas características do tumor eram compatíveis com um meduloblastoma. A avaliação imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) do tumor demonstrou marcação positiva para vimentina em células neoplásicas e para proteína glial fibrilar ácida em células do estroma neoplásico, não reagente para sinaptofisina e negativo para proteína S100 e pan-citoqueratina. As características histológicas e topográficas foram primordiais para a determinação do diagnóstico de meduloblastoma e o painel IHQ é semelhante à observada em outros trabalhos. O crescimento do tumor é limitado pelas estruturas ósseas do crânio, permitindo determinar que os sinais clínicos expressos pelo animal estavam diretamente relacionados com a compressão de estruturas funcionais importantes em decorrência da expansão tumoral.(AU)

Medulloblastoma in a calf of the flemish breed / Meduloblastoma em bezerro da raça Flamenga

Medulloblastomas are neuroectodermal tumors of embryonic origin developing in cerebellum and spinal cord and have an unusual occurrence. When occurs in cattle, it is observed in neonatal cases, leading to multiple neurological clinical signs. Flemish cattle are considered at risk of extinction and the rare specimens of Brazil are in Lages, Santa Catarina. The case of a two-month-old calf with difficulty to remain in a standing position, imbalance, opisthotonus, strabismus, and broad-based gait is described in this study. The animal was euthanized and the necropsy showed an irregular, whitish pink, and friable mass in the cerebellar vermis region, measuring 5×6×3.8 cm associated with the dilation of the lateral ventricles, which extended through the interventricular foramen, midbrain aqueduct, and fourth ventricle. Histologically, it presented elongated triangular neuronal cells arranged in a dense sheet that sometimes encircled small areas of neuropil to form Homer-Wright pseudorosettes. These tumor characteristics were compatible with a medulloblastoma. The immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of the tumor demonstrated a positive staining for vimentin in neoplastic cells and glial fibrillary acidic protein in neoplastic stromal cells, non-reactive for synaptophysin, and negative for S100 protein and pan-cytokeratin. The histological and topographical characteristics were paramount for determining the medulloblastoma diagnosis and the IHC panl is similar to that observed in other studies. Tumor growth is limited by skull bony structures, allowing determining that the clinical signs expressed by the animal were directly related to the compression of important functional structures due to tumor expansion. Medulloblastoma is an unusual tumor in all animal species, not previously reported in Flemish cattle, and necropsy followed by histopathological examination is essential for diagnosis.

Meduloblastomas são tumores da neuroectoderme com origem embrionária, que se desenvolvem no cerebelo e na medula espinhal com ocorrência incomum. Quando ocorre em bovinos é observado em casos neonatal, levando a múltiplos sinais clínicos neurológicos. Os bovinos da raça Flamenga estão considerados em risco de extinção e os raros exemplares do Brasil estão localizados em Lages, Santa Catarina. Descreve-se o caso de um bezerro com dois meses de idade, apresentando dificuldade para manter-se em estação, desequilíbrio, opistótono, estrabismo e caminhar em base ampla. O animal foi submetido a eutanásia e na necropsia observou-se na região do vérmis do cerebelo uma massa irregular, rosa esbranquiçada e friável, medindo 5x6x3,8cm associado a dilatação dos ventrículos laterais, que prolongava pelo forame interventricular, aqueduto do mesencéfalo e IV ventrículo. Histologicamente, observava células neuronais triangulares alongadas organizadas em um lençol denso, que às vezes circundavam pequenas áreas de neurópilo para formar pseudorosetas de Homer-Wright, estas características do tumor eram compatíveis com um meduloblastoma. A avaliação imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) do tumor demonstrou marcação positiva para vimentina em células neoplásicas e para proteína glial fibrilar ácida em células do estroma neoplásico, não reagente para sinaptofisina e negativo para proteína S100 e pan-citoqueratina. As características histológicas e topográficas foram primordiais para a determinação do diagnóstico de meduloblastoma e o painel IHQ é semelhante à observada em outros trabalhos. O crescimento do tumor é limitado pelas estruturas ósseas do crânio, permitindo determinar que os sinais clínicos expressos pelo animal estavam diretamente relacionados com a compressão de estruturas funcionais importantes em decorrência da expansão tumoral.

Alterações clínicas e hematológicas em gatos com infecção natural e progressivapelo vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) / Clinical and haematological disorders in cats with natural and progressive infectionby feline leukemia virus (FeLV)

Background: Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is an important infectious agent in cats, responsible for great health damages anda large death amount. Among the most common clinical disorders caused by FeLV, severe hematological changes are relatedat the progressive infection, ordinarily presented as cytopenias. Regarding its oncogenic potential, lymphoma and leukemiaare the most observed illness originated by the agent. Therefore, this study has the goal of describing and comparing clinicaland hematological disorders in FeLV positive cats from a selected population.Materials, Methods & Results: Data of clinical evaluations of felines from a previously performed cross-sectional epidemiological study were compiled. This study obtained the prevalence of FeLV infected cats in Santa Catarina Plateau. Threegroups were established from the original sample of 274 cats; Group 1 (control), FeLV negative and none clinical changes (n= 80); Group 2, FeLV positive and none clinical changes (n = 9); Group 3, FeLV positive cats with clinical disorders (n = 29).Physical and hematological examination data were obtained from the medical records. The clinical changes at Group 3 weremucosal pallor (65.51% [19/29]), neurological disorders (20.69% [6/29]), lymphoma (20.69% [6/29]), coinfections (10.34%[3/29]) and leukemia (6.9% [2/29]). The most observed hematological disorders of Group 3 were anemia (65.51% [19/29]) andthrombocytopenia (62.7% [18/20]). At the complete blood count, the medium erythrocyte and eosinophil count, hemoglobinconcentration and hematocrit were lower for Group 3 than the other two groups. The mean number of platelets count werehigher for Group 1 than Group 2 and 3. The mean of the other variables remained between reference numbers. However, adescriptive analysis within the groups demonstrated that lymphopenia was observed in 34.48% (10/29) and neutropenia in17.24% (5/29) at the Group 3...

Alterações clínicas e hematológicas em gatos com infecção natural e progressivapelo vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) / Clinical and haematological disorders in cats with natural and progressive infectionby feline leukemia virus (FeLV)

Background: Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is an important infectious agent in cats, responsible for great health damages anda large death amount. Among the most common clinical disorders caused by FeLV, severe hematological changes are relatedat the progressive infection, ordinarily presented as cytopenias. Regarding its oncogenic potential, lymphoma and leukemiaare the most observed illness originated by the agent. Therefore, this study has the goal of describing and comparing clinicaland hematological disorders in FeLV positive cats from a selected population.Materials, Methods & Results: Data of clinical evaluations of felines from a previously performed cross-sectional epidemiological study were compiled. This study obtained the prevalence of FeLV infected cats in Santa Catarina Plateau. Threegroups were established from the original sample of 274 cats; Group 1 (control), FeLV negative and none clinical changes (n= 80); Group 2, FeLV positive and none clinical changes (n = 9); Group 3, FeLV positive cats with clinical disorders (n = 29).Physical and hematological examination data were obtained from the medical records. The clinical changes at Group 3 weremucosal pallor (65.51% [19/29]), neurological disorders (20.69% [6/29]), lymphoma (20.69% [6/29]), coinfections (10.34%[3/29]) and leukemia (6.9% [2/29]). The most observed hematological disorders of Group 3 were anemia (65.51% [19/29]) andthrombocytopenia (62.7% [18/20]). At the complete blood count, the medium erythrocyte and eosinophil count, hemoglobinconcentration and hematocrit were lower for Group 3 than the other two groups. The mean number of platelets count werehigher for Group 1 than Group 2 and 3. The mean of the other variables remained between reference numbers. However, adescriptive analysis within the groups demonstrated that lymphopenia was observed in 34.48% (10/29) and neutropenia in17.24% (5/29) at the Group 3... (AU)

Endocardite por Staphylococcus sp. em bovino e ovino causando osteoartrite e sepse como desfechos incomuns / Endocarditis by Staphylococcus sp. in cow and sheep leading to osteoarthritis and sepsis as unusual outcomes

Background: Endocarditis is one of the most important heart diseases in cattle and a rare disease in sheep. This illness could be caused by any bacteria when related to bacteremia, being Staphylococcus aureus one uncommon cause for this disorder in ruminants. The clinical sings at the early stages are unspecific and many cases are only diagnosed just at the final stages of the disease, resulting in heart insufficiency with bad prognosis. The aim of this study is to report two cases of endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus spp. leading to sepsis in a sheep and osteoarthritis in a cow, showing the importance of this bacteria in the pathogenesis of this disease.Cases: Case 1. A 8-month-old sheep, female, Texel showed lameness in the left thoracic limb, and even treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug had anorexia, locomotion difficulty and on the day before of death showed neurological sings, with less than one week of total clinical course. At necropsy, in the heart was observed thrombus in the tricuspid, mitral and aortic valves and pale areas in the myocardium. Multiples abscesses were observed in the lungs, liver and kidneys and infarcts in kidneys, spleen and brain. At the histopathology exam was observed in the tricuspid, mitral and aortic valves subacute endocarditis with intralesional coccoids bacteria Gram positives. There were multifocal fibrinonecrotic myocarditis, abscess in lung, liver and kidney with intralesional bacterial myriads. In kidneys, spleen and brain was observed thrombosis associated to multiple infarct areas. Samples of cardiac thrombus, heart, spleen, kidney and meningeal swabs were submitted for bacterial cultivation and was isolated Staphylococcus aureus in all samples, in pure culture. Case 2. A 2-year-old cow, female, mixed breed Angus and Charolais showed a wound in the distal part of the thoracic limb that was done topical treatment.[...](AU)