Abordagem terapêutica hormonal para cistos foliculares ovarianos em vacas leiteiras - relato de casos / Hormonal therapeutic approach for ovarian follicular cysts in dairy cattle - case reports / Enfoque terapéutico hormonal para quistes foliculares ováricos en vacas lecheras - informe de casos

Vacas de alta produção de leite estão mais sujeitas a desequilíbrios metabólicos pós-parto, influenciando na performance reprodutiva subsequente. Alterações relacionadas a funcionalidade do ovário podem desencadear desequilíbrios hormonais e desordens reprodutivas, como a formação de cistos ovarianos, os quais podem interferir no processo de ovulação e impactar substancialmente na eficiência reprodutiva. Neste estudo de caso em específico, sete vacas leiteiras foram diagnosticadas com a presença de cistos foliculares ovarianos. Foram submetidas a terapia hormonal envolvendo o uso de análogos de Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotrofinas (GnRH) e prostaglandina-F2a (PGF-2a), a qual apresentou resultados satisfatórios. A abordagem terapêutica hormonal tem sido amplamente utilizada devido à sua efetividade na resolução dos cistos ováricos e melhoria da função reprodutiva. É fundamental que o médico veterinário tenha conhecimento clínico sobre a abordagem adequada de cistos ovarianos, a fim de proporcionar saúde e bem-estar aos animais, garantindo bons índices em produção de leite e desempenho reprodutivo.

High milk production cows are more likely to postpartum metabolic imbalances, which may influence subsequent reproductive performance. Changes in ovarian functionality can trigger hormonal alterations and reproductive disorders, such as the formation of ovarian cysts, which can interfere with the ovulation process and substantially impact reproductive efficiency. In this specific case study, seven dairy cows were diagnosed with the presence of ovarian follicular cysts. They were submitted to hormonal therapy involving the use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin F2a (PGF-2a) analogs, which presented satisfactory results. Hormonal therapeutic approaches have been widely employed due to their effectiveness in resolving ovarian cysts and improving reproductive function. It is essential for the veterinarian to have clinical knowledge about the appropriate management of ovarian cysts in order to provide the health and welfare of the animals, ensuring suitable rates in milk production and reproductive performance.

Las vacas de alta producción de leche tienen mayor probabilidad de desequilibrios metabólicos posparto, lo cual puede influir en el rendimiento reproductivo posterior. Los cambios en la funcionalidad ovárica pueden desencadenar alteraciones hormonales y trastornos reproductivos, como la formación de quistes ováricos, que pueden interferir en el proceso de ovulación y afectar sustancialmente la eficiencia reproductiva. En este estudio de caso específico, se diagnosticó la presencia de quistes foliculares ováricos en siete vacas lecheras. Se sometieron a terapia hormonal que incluyó el uso de análogos de Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropinas (GnRH) y prostaglandina F2α (PGF-2a), lo cual arrojó resultados satisfactorios. Los enfoques terapéuticos hormonales se han utilizado ampliamente debido a su efectividad en la resolución de quistes ováricos y la mejora de la función reproductiva. Es fundamental que el médico veterinario tenga conocimiento clínico sobre el manejo adecuado de los quistes ováricos para garantizar la salud y el bienestar de los animales, asegurando adecuadas tasas de producción de leche y rendimiento reproductivo.

Carbúnculo sintomático em bovino: evolução clínica e terapêutica / Symptomatic blackleg in bovine: clinical and therapeutic evolution

As clostridioses são infecções comuns em rebanhos bovinos, causadas por microrganismos do gênero Clostridium e que afetam principalmente animais mais jovens. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a evolução clínica e tratamento de um bovino acometido com carbúnculo sintomático. A paciente não apresentava histórico vacinal para clostridiose, e pertencia a um lote de animais em que já haviam ocorrido três mortes súbitas em curto período de tempo. Na avaliação física do animal em decúbito esternal, foram constatados sinais clínicos típicos de carbúnculo sintomático, edema e crepitação em membro pélvico e região escapular, além de claudicação quando colocado em estação. Também foi observado edema na região da cabeça, porém este sinal clínico não é frequentemente relatado em literatura científica. Mesmo com prognóstico desfavorável devido à manifestação grave da doença e grande parte das pesquisas mostrarem taxa de letalidade de quase 100%, optou-se pela tentativa de realizar as medidas terapêuticas necessárias. Foi realizado tratamento suporte e administração de fármacos, destacando-se a antibioticoterapia com penicilina. Além disso, também foi conduzido o procedimento cirúrgico por meio de confecção de incisões na pele e no subcutâneo do membro afetado (método ainda não descrito na literatura científica) com objetivo de reduzir a proliferação do Clostridium. Após 32 dias de tratamento, o animal obteve a cura clínica completa. As medidas terapêuticas foram suficientes para recuperar da saúde da paciente.

Clostridial diseases are common infections in cattle herds, caused by microorganisms of the genus Clostridium that mainly affect younger animals. This study aims to report the clinical evolution and treatment of a bovine affected with symptomatic blackleg. The patient had no vaccination history for clostridial disease and belonged to a group of animals in which three sudden deaths had already occurred in a short time. In the physical evaluation of the animal in sternal recumbency, typical clinical signs of blackleg, edema and crackling in the pelvic limb and scapular region and lameness when placed in the station were determined. Edema was also observed in the head region, but this clinical sign is not frequently reported in the scientific literature. Even with an unfavorable prognosis due to the severe manifestation of the disease and a large part of the studies showing a lethality rate of almost 100%, it was decided to try to carry out the necessary therapeutic methods. Support treatment and drug administration were performed, especially antibiotic therapy with penicillin. In addition, a surgical procedure was carried out by making incisions in the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the affected limb (a method not yet described in the scientific literature) to reduce the proliferation of Clostridium. After thirty-two days of treatment, the animal got a complete clinical cure. Therapeutic measures were sufficient to recover the patient's health.

Método de punção guiada por ultrassom no diagnóstico de hematoma de barbela em bovino - relato de caso / Ultrasound-guided puncture method in the diagnosis of dewlap hematoma in bovine - case report / Método de punción por ultrasonidos en el diagnóstico del hematoma de papadas en bovinos - informe de uncaso

Injúrias relacionadas a interação animal/estrutura podem ser encontradas em sistema de confinamento Free-Stall. O hematoma de barbela pode estar relacionado a uma lesãoporcontato sofrido pelo animal com o tronco limitador da cama do Free-Stall no momentoemque ele deita para descansar. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever ummétododediagnóstico e tratamento utilizado em uma fêmea leiteira que apresentou aumento de volumelocalizado na região da barbela. Um bovino ½ HZ, fêmea, primípara, comaproximadamente60 dias em lactação (DEL), acomodada em sistema de confinamento Free-Stall e provenientede fazenda localizada no município de Lavras ­ MG apresentou aumento de volume na regiãoda barbela, sem mais nenhuma manifestação clínica. Durante o exame físico, identificou-seapresença de líquido na região edemaciada da barbela, próximo a região do peito. Foi realizadoexame ultrassonográfico e descartada a presença de pus. Com isso, foi feita uma punçãoguiada por ultrassom no local e confirmado a presença de sangue. Comesses resultados, confirmou-se o diagnóstico de hematoma e determinou-se a etiologia: lesão de contatodoanimal com o limitador da contenção da cama. Foi realizado o tratamento e houverecuperação significativa do animal. A punção guiada por ultrassomproporcionouaverificação da composição do líquido e comprovou a utilidade do exame ultrassonográfico, que foi de extrema importância para o relato.(AU)

Injuries related to animal/structure interaction can be found in Free-Stall confinement systems. The dewlap hematoma may be related to an injury caused by contact suffered by the animal with the restraint structure of the Free-Stall's liyng when it lies down to rest. The objectiveofthe present report is to describe a method of diagnosis and treatment used in a dairy cattle that presented an increase in volume located in the region of the dewlap. A primiparous female ½ HZ cow, with approximately 60 days in milk (DIM), accommodated in a Free-Stall confinement system and coming from a farm located in the municipality of Lavras - MG, presented an increase in volume in the dewlap region, without any further clinical manifestation. During the physical exam, the presence of fluid was identified in the swollenregion of the dewlap, close to the chest region. Ultrasound examination was performedandthe presence of pus was ruled out. Thus, an ultrasound-guided puncture was performedat thesite and the presence of blood was confirmed. With these results, the diagnosis of hematomawas confirmed and the etiology was determined: contact injury of the animal with the restraint structure of the lying. The treatment was carried out and there was a significant recoveryofthe animal. The ultrasound-guided puncture provided the verification of the liquidcomposition and proved the utility of the ultrasound examination, which was extremely important for this report.(AU)

En los sistemas de confinamiento Free-Stall pueden encontrarse lesiones relacionadas conlainteracción entre el animal y la estructura. El hematoma de la papada puede estar relacionadocon una lesión por contacto sufrida por el animal con el tronco limitador de la cama deFree-Stall al acostarse para descansar. El objetivo del presente informe es describir un métododediagnóstico y tratamiento utilizado en una hembra lechera que presentaba una inflamaciónlocalizada en la región de la papada. Un bovino ½ HZ, hembra, primípara, conaproximadamente 60 días de lactancia (DDL), alojada en un sistema de confinamientoFree-Stall y proveniente de una hacienda localizada en el municipio de Lavras - MGpresentóunaumento de volumen en la región de la papada, sin ninguna otra manifestaciónclínica. Durante el examen físico, se identificó la presencia de líquido en la región hinchadadelapapada, cerca de la región del pecho. Se realizó un examen ultrasonográfico y se descartólapresencia de pus. Con esto, se realizó una punción guiada por ultrasonido en el lugar yseconfirmó la presencia de sangre. Con estos resultados, se confirmó el diagnósticodehematoma y se determinó la etiología: lesión por contacto del animal con el limitador delacama. El tratamiento se llevó a cabo y hubo una recuperación significativa del animal. Lapunción guiada por ultrasonido permitió verificar la composición del fluido y demostrólautilidad del examen ultrasonográfico, que fue sumamente importante para el informe.(AU)

Indução de lactação em vacas leiteiras com dose hormonal reduzida - projeto piloto / Lactation induction in dairy cows with reduced hormonal dose - Pilot Project

Elevadas taxas de descarte de vacas leiteiras relacionadas a baixos índices reprodutivos são observadas nos rebanhos comerciais. A utilização terapêutica de hormônios no intuito de induzir a lactação em animais hígidos é uma realidade. As doses hormonais utilizadas são elevadas e há a necessidade de experimentos que comprovem a possibilidade de redução. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse projeto piloto foi reduzir as doses hormonais em vacas leiteiras submetidas a um protocolo de indução de lactação de 0,71mg/kg de peso vivo (PV) de benzoato de estradiol para 0,005mg/kg PV. Quatro vacas leiteiras receberam tratamento hormonal por 18 dias e iniciaram a lactação induzida após esse período. As vacas apresentaram produção de 32±4,3kg no pico lactacional induzido. A resposta lactacional das vacas foi considerada satisfatória e motivadora para experimentação de maior escala. Entretanto, são necessários estudos futuros que comprovem cientificamente o que foi encontrado nesse projeto piloto.

High culling rates of dairy cows related to low reproductive indices are found in commercial herds. The therapeutic use of hormones to induce lactation in healthy animals is a reality. The hormonal doses used are high and there is a need for experiments to prove the possibility of reduction. In this context, this study aimed to reduce the hormonal doses in dairy cows submitted to a lactation induction protocol from 0.71mg/kg of body weight (BW) of estradiol benzoate to 0.005mg/kg BW. Four dairy cows received hormone treatment for 18 days and started the induced lactation after this period. The cows had a production of 32±4.3kg at the induced lactational peak. The lactational response of the cows was considered satisfactory and motivating for larger scale experimentation. However, further studies are needed to scientifically prove what was observed in this pilot project.

Bone radiographic changes in slaughter buffalos with low body condition index

Background: The largest buffalo herd in Brazil is located on the Island of Marajó, in the State of Pará, northern Brazil. The pastures of the Island of Marajó consist of low quality graminaceous plants, which are generally poor in protein and mineral content. Unbalanced diets associated with low quality pastures are responsible for latent, sub-clinical diseases and metabolic disorders in bovines which affect bone health, especially in periods such as pregnancy and lactation. The purpose of this study was to point out and to describe the radiographic bone changes of buffalos with low body index bred in extensive system and intended for slaughter on the Island of Marajó, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Radiographic examinations of anatomical pieces were obtained from 34 animals of buffalo species, with no distinction of gender, age, or breed. The animals were selected among those that were in the stockyard waiting for slaughtering for the obtainment of the anatomical pieces. For this selection, low physical condition was considered, which mainly included individuals with body condition indexes (ICC) of 1 and 2, on a scale of 1 to 5. From this selection, 98 anatomical pieces were obtained, which included: 28 sets of ribs, 20 femurs, 26 metacarpus, 7 mandibles, 3 radius and ulnas, 4 sets of vertebrae, 4 sets of metacarpus and phalanges, 1 tarsus and 1 set of tarsus and metatarsus. All the pieces were separated, identified, packed in plastic bag and forwarded to the radiographic study. At least one radiographic projection was obtained of each anatomical piece. These were identified, manually processed and stored for subsequent assessment. A single observer, in order to identify and to describe the bone radiographic changes, subjectively performed the radiographic assessment.[...]

Bone radiographic changes in slaughter buffalos with low body condition index

Background: The largest buffalo herd in Brazil is located on the Island of Marajó, in the State of Pará, northern Brazil. The pastures of the Island of Marajó consist of low quality graminaceous plants, which are generally poor in protein and mineral content. Unbalanced diets associated with low quality pastures are responsible for latent, sub-clinical diseases and metabolic disorders in bovines which affect bone health, especially in periods such as pregnancy and lactation. The purpose of this study was to point out and to describe the radiographic bone changes of buffalos with low body index bred in extensive system and intended for slaughter on the Island of Marajó, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Radiographic examinations of anatomical pieces were obtained from 34 animals of buffalo species, with no distinction of gender, age, or breed. The animals were selected among those that were in the stockyard waiting for slaughtering for the obtainment of the anatomical pieces. For this selection, low physical condition was considered, which mainly included individuals with body condition indexes (ICC) of 1 and 2, on a scale of 1 to 5. From this selection, 98 anatomical pieces were obtained, which included: 28 sets of ribs, 20 femurs, 26 metacarpus, 7 mandibles, 3 radius and ulnas, 4 sets of vertebrae, 4 sets of metacarpus and phalanges, 1 tarsus and 1 set of tarsus and metatarsus. All the pieces were separated, identified, packed in plastic bag and forwarded to the radiographic study. At least one radiographic projection was obtained of each anatomical piece. These were identified, manually processed and stored for subsequent assessment. A single observer, in order to identify and to describe the bone radiographic changes, subjectively performed the radiographic assessment.[...](AU)