Resumo
Background: Choroid plexus papilloma is a benign neoplasm derived from the neuroepithelium of the choroid plexus of the ventricular cavity, commonly located in the fourth ventricle, affecting dogs of different age groups and without predilection for sex. There is a range of therapeutic options, and the treatment to be chosen will be defined based on tumor localization and development. Due to the difficulties in accessing treatments, tutors opt for euthanasia or death occurs with the worsening of the clinical condition. This case report aims to present the symptomatology, treatment and evolution of the case until the death of the animal, as well as the pathological findings. Case: A 12-year-old bitch, mixed breed, was treated presenting behavior alteration, with unusual aggressiveness, perceived by the tutor four weeks ago. Neurological examination revealed changes in behavior, compulsive walking and focal epileptic seizures. After the presumptive diagnosis of brain neoplasia, the dog underwent symptomatic treatment with prednisolone (1 mg/kg, orally, every 24 h, for 15 days, with subsequent reduction to 0.5 mg/kg for another 15 days) and phenobarbital (3 mg/kg, every 12 h, orally), until death. After the beginning of the treatment, no more epileptic seizures and aggressive behavior were observed. After 5 months of consultation, the dog returned with aggressive and anorexic behavior. Due to the worsening of clinical signs, with the possibility of brain neoplasia, the tutor opted for euthanasia. Necropsy was performed and macroscopic examination was observed in the telecephalus, occlusion of the third ventricle by grayish mass, soft, 1.2 cm in diameter with slight dilation of lateral ventricles. On histological examination, it was observed that the third ventricle was occluded, epithelial proliferation of arboriform aspect, composed of cuboidal cells to columnares sustained by moderate fibrovascular stroma. Based on macroscopic and histopathological findings of the telecephalus, the alterations determined the diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma. Discussion: The diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma was confirmed by observing the neurological signs and pathological findings that characterize this neoplasm. Choroid plexus tumors are less common, in the third ventricle, only in 36% of all reports are of tumors in that area. The search for care is mainly due to clinical signs that include behavioral, and locomotor changes and sometimes epileptic seizures, such clinical signs were found in the dog. Choroid plexus papilloma affects dogs of all ages, but more in adults and increasing the occurrence as they age. The tumor is still correlated in a higher occurrence in large animals, the evaluated dog was of age, but small in size. During anamnesis, in addition to the clinical history, neurological examinations provide a good basis for the presumptive diagnosis that can be complemented by an imaging diagnosis. Sometimes such technologies are not available for use, therefore, more comprehensive knowledge about clinical signs and anamnesis are indispensable for a correct diagnosis. Palliative drug therapies are an excellent option for most cases presented in the literature and clinical routine, since they provide better quality of life by decreasing or eliminating clinical signs, besides being easily administered by tutors. The therapy proved to be of great value for the improvement of the clinical signs of the evaluated dog, confirming the importance of knowledge of the appropriate prescriptions for each case and reinforcing that consultation with one was important in defining the diagnosis and symptomatic treatment.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Telencéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Papiloma do Plexo Corióideo/veterinária , Neoplasias do Plexo Corióideo/veterinária , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/veterináriaResumo
A well-nourished animal is predisposed to good quality of life, health and high longevity. On the other hand, malnourished animals are predisposed to higher morbidity and mortality rates, recurrent hospitalizations, longer hospitalization times, and high health care expenditures. Malnutrition is associated with metabolic alterations and systemic dysfunctions, such as immunosuppression, impaired healing, and loss of weight due to reduced muscle and adipose mass, in addition to worsening skin and coat appearance. Nutritional assessment quantifies not only malnutrition and overweight but also how much these deviations would influence a patient"s prognosis. In addition, the identification of malnourished animals allows the performance of specific nutritional treatments, with consequent clinical improvement. There are several techniques to evaluate nutritional status (NS) in dogs and cats; however, because they are individually limited, it is highly recommended to incorporate different methods before completing each case assessment. This literature review gathered information on the techniques of NS assessment during clinical examination, including anamnesis and physical examination. The importance of the manuscript is justified by the lack of nutritional semiology of small animals in the literature. In summary, there are useful markers of NS in companion animals: weight variation...
Um animal bem nutrido é tendenciado a boa qualidade de vida, saúde e alta longevidade. Por outro lado, o animal desnutrido é predisposto a maiores taxas de morbidade e mortalidade, internações recorrentes, maior tempo de hospitalização e elevados gastos com cuidados na saúde. A desnutrição está associada a alterações metabólicas e disfunções sistêmicas, como imunodepressão, comprometimento da cicatrização, perda de peso por redução da massa adiposa e muscular, além de piora no aspecto da pele e pelagem. A avaliação nutricional não só quantifica subnutrição e sobrepeso, como também o quanto esses desvios influenciariam o prognóstico de um paciente. Além disso, a identificação dos animais desnutridos permite a realização de tratamentos nutricionais específicos, com consequente melhoria clínica. Existem várias técnicas para avaliar o estado nutricional (EN) em cães e gatos, porém, por serem limitadas individualmente, é altamente recomendável a associação de diferentes métodos, antes da conclusão para um caso. Essa revisão de literatura reúne informações sobre as técnicas de avaliação do EN por exame clínico, incluindo anamnese e exame físico. A importância do manuscrito se justifica pela carência na literatura sobre semiologia nutricional de pequenos animais. Em síntese, são marcadores úteis do EN em animais de companhia: a variação de peso, o escore de massa muscular (EMM) e...
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cães , Animais de Estimação , Avaliação Nutricional , Deficiências Nutricionais/veterinária , Desnutrição/veterináriaResumo
A well-nourished animal is predisposed to good quality of life, health and high longevity. On the other hand, malnourished animals are predisposed to higher morbidity and mortality rates, recurrent hospitalizations, longer hospitalization times, and high health care expenditures. Malnutrition is associated with metabolic alterations and systemic dysfunctions, such as immunosuppression, impaired healing, and loss of weight due to reduced muscle and adipose mass, in addition to worsening skin and coat appearance. Nutritional assessment quantifies not only malnutrition and overweight but also how much these deviations would influence a patient"s prognosis. In addition, the identification of malnourished animals allows the performance of specific nutritional treatments, with consequent clinical improvement. There are several techniques to evaluate nutritional status (NS) in dogs and cats; however, because they are individually limited, it is highly recommended to incorporate different methods before completing each case assessment. This literature review gathered information on the techniques of NS assessment during clinical examination, including anamnesis and physical examination. The importance of the manuscript is justified by the lack of nutritional semiology of small animals in the literature. In summary, there are useful markers of NS in companion animals: weight variation...(AU)
Um animal bem nutrido é tendenciado a boa qualidade de vida, saúde e alta longevidade. Por outro lado, o animal desnutrido é predisposto a maiores taxas de morbidade e mortalidade, internações recorrentes, maior tempo de hospitalização e elevados gastos com cuidados na saúde. A desnutrição está associada a alterações metabólicas e disfunções sistêmicas, como imunodepressão, comprometimento da cicatrização, perda de peso por redução da massa adiposa e muscular, além de piora no aspecto da pele e pelagem. A avaliação nutricional não só quantifica subnutrição e sobrepeso, como também o quanto esses desvios influenciariam o prognóstico de um paciente. Além disso, a identificação dos animais desnutridos permite a realização de tratamentos nutricionais específicos, com consequente melhoria clínica. Existem várias técnicas para avaliar o estado nutricional (EN) em cães e gatos, porém, por serem limitadas individualmente, é altamente recomendável a associação de diferentes métodos, antes da conclusão para um caso. Essa revisão de literatura reúne informações sobre as técnicas de avaliação do EN por exame clínico, incluindo anamnese e exame físico. A importância do manuscrito se justifica pela carência na literatura sobre semiologia nutricional de pequenos animais. Em síntese, são marcadores úteis do EN em animais de companhia: a variação de peso, o escore de massa muscular (EMM) e...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cães , Animais de Estimação , Avaliação Nutricional , Deficiências Nutricionais/veterinária , Desnutrição/veterináriaResumo
Background: The lymphatic system plays an important role in the local control of neoplasms as well as in the transportation of tumor cells, which represents the most common pathway of metastasis. From the tumorigenesis, there is a remarkable enlargement of the tumor drainage network towards the regional and target lymph nodes. Since the mammary lymphatic system of animals with neoplasms as well as the demarcation of the pelvic and abdominal caudal chain are poorly studied, the aim of the present study is to report a case of iliac lymphadenectomy after intrauterine lymphatic dyeing in a dog with breast neoplasm, which allowed the identification of metastasis in the medial iliac lymph node.Case: A 7-year-old, 13.4 kg, non neutered, mixed breed, female dog was diagnosed with ulcerative neoplasm in the left caudal abdominal breast, which presented evolution of approximately 90 days, presenting ulceration for 10 days, according to the tutor. After a clinical evaluation, thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography were requested, which did not present metastasis suggestive images. Therefore, left unilateral total mastectomy was indicated. Retro-umbilical celiotomy was performed for the administration of 0.5 mL of 1% intrauterine methylene blue (body of the uterus), which allowed lymphatic mapping and medial iliac lymphadenectomy. Subsequently, ovariohysterectomy was performed and after celiorrhaphy, axillary lymphadenectomy was performed, followed by left unilateral mastectomy and concomitant removal of the superficial inguinal lymph node. The patient had a prompt recovery and was discharged from hospital in six hours postoperatively. The excised material was referred for histopathological examination, which revealed the presence of metastasis of simple tubulopapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland in the left medial and superficial inguinal lymph nodes, while the axillary lymph node had no metastases.[...]
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Excisão de Linfonodo/veterinária , Linfonodo Sentinela/cirurgia , Mastectomia/veterinária , Metástase Linfática , Neoplasias Mamárias AnimaisResumo
Background: The lymphatic system plays an important role in the local control of neoplasms as well as in the transportation of tumor cells, which represents the most common pathway of metastasis. From the tumorigenesis, there is a remarkable enlargement of the tumor drainage network towards the regional and target lymph nodes. Since the mammary lymphatic system of animals with neoplasms as well as the demarcation of the pelvic and abdominal caudal chain are poorly studied, the aim of the present study is to report a case of iliac lymphadenectomy after intrauterine lymphatic dyeing in a dog with breast neoplasm, which allowed the identification of metastasis in the medial iliac lymph node.Case: A 7-year-old, 13.4 kg, non neutered, mixed breed, female dog was diagnosed with ulcerative neoplasm in the left caudal abdominal breast, which presented evolution of approximately 90 days, presenting ulceration for 10 days, according to the tutor. After a clinical evaluation, thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography were requested, which did not present metastasis suggestive images. Therefore, left unilateral total mastectomy was indicated. Retro-umbilical celiotomy was performed for the administration of 0.5 mL of 1% intrauterine methylene blue (body of the uterus), which allowed lymphatic mapping and medial iliac lymphadenectomy. Subsequently, ovariohysterectomy was performed and after celiorrhaphy, axillary lymphadenectomy was performed, followed by left unilateral mastectomy and concomitant removal of the superficial inguinal lymph node. The patient had a prompt recovery and was discharged from hospital in six hours postoperatively. The excised material was referred for histopathological examination, which revealed the presence of metastasis of simple tubulopapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland in the left medial and superficial inguinal lymph nodes, while the axillary lymph node had no metastases.[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Excisão de Linfonodo/veterinária , Linfonodo Sentinela/cirurgia , Metástase Linfática , Mastectomia/veterinária , Neoplasias Mamárias AnimaisResumo
Background: The knowledge of secure anesthetic protocols for reptiles is very important, especially because they are aggressive species and they have peculiar physiology, unpredictable reactions to the same drug in different environmental conditions and different physiological responses can be observed. The anesthetic protocol aims immobilization, analgesia and muscle relaxation for adequate, safe and easily reversible anesthesia. Few reports have been described on anesthesia in animals and, before that, the objective of this study is to report the anesthetic protocol that was used and vital parameters monitoring in an Alligator mississipiensis that was submitted to surgery for limb amputation. Case: A female American alligator was attended, with about 8-year-old, 2 m long and 268,964 pounds, with fight history with other animal six months ago, resulting in a wound in the right toracic limb. When the lesion occurred, it was the breeding season of the species, so we chose not to perform the treatment at that time. An X-ray of the member was performed, which showed, among other changes, osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. Thus, the limb amputation was indicated. Ketamine association (10 mg/kg) and medetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) were used as anestesic premedication, both administered intramuscularly. For anesthetic induction, propofol (4 mg/kg) intravenously was used. The animal was [...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Jacarés e Crocodilos , Anestesia/veterinária , Anestesia/métodos , Sinais Vitais , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/veterináriaResumo
Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterised by recurrent epileptic seizures. Various antiepileptic drugs are used for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for long-term treatment in dogs. Although it is well tolerated, phenobarbital can cause liver injury if administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Therefore, the main of this study was to identify dogs with presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy and information about the antiepileptic drugs, the dose and frequency of administration, period of treatment, frequency of the seizure before and after start the treatment, complementary exams and adverse effects. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study were included 21 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. All dogs were examined and having blood taken for blood count, biochemical tests (ALT, AST, AP, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, amylase, lipase, cholesterol and triglycerides), measurement of serum phenobarbital and/or potassium bromide and, some dogs, free T4 by dialysis and canine TSH. In this study, it was observed monotherapy (phenobarbital) in 76.19% (16/21), double therapy (phenobarbital and potassium bromide) in 19.05% (4/21) and triple therapy (phenobarbital, potassium bromide and gabapentin) in 4.76% (1/21) of dogs. The phenobarbital was used as monotherapy with dose between 1.4 and 12 mg kg-1 and the median of serum concentration was 26.41 μg kg-1. There was significant reduction in the frequency of the seizure after start the treatment. There was refractory to antiepileptic drugs in two dogs (9.5%). In blood analysis, there was increase serum activities of AP (23.81%) and ALT (14.20%), decrease total protein (42.29%), hypoalbuminemia (9.5%) and it was not increased AST activities. The main adverse effects were nodularliver damage and hypothyroidism. [...]
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Convulsões/veterinária , Epilepsia/terapia , Epilepsia/veterinária , Fenobarbital/efeitos adversos , Fenobarbital/uso terapêutico , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêuticoResumo
Background: The knowledge of secure anesthetic protocols for reptiles is very important, especially because they are aggressive species and they have peculiar physiology, unpredictable reactions to the same drug in different environmental conditions and different physiological responses can be observed. The anesthetic protocol aims immobilization, analgesia and muscle relaxation for adequate, safe and easily reversible anesthesia. Few reports have been described on anesthesia in animals and, before that, the objective of this study is to report the anesthetic protocol that was used and vital parameters monitoring in an Alligator mississipiensis that was submitted to surgery for limb amputation. Case: A female American alligator was attended, with about 8-year-old, 2 m long and 268,964 pounds, with fight history with other animal six months ago, resulting in a wound in the right toracic limb. When the lesion occurred, it was the breeding season of the species, so we chose not to perform the treatment at that time. An X-ray of the member was performed, which showed, among other changes, osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. Thus, the limb amputation was indicated. Ketamine association (10 mg/kg) and medetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) were used as anestesic premedication, both administered intramuscularly. For anesthetic induction, propofol (4 mg/kg) intravenously was used. The animal was [...]
Assuntos
Animais , Anestesia/métodos , Anestesia/veterinária , Jacarés e Crocodilos , Sinais Vitais , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/veterináriaResumo
Background: Hypothyroidism in dogs can cause lethargy, weight gain, dermatological signs and, uncommonly, neurological signs. These may involve the peripheral or central nervous system, leading to a decreased level of consciousness, central or peripheral vestibular disease, epileptic seizures, cognitive dysfunction, facial nerve paralysis, laryngeal paralysis, and polyneuropathy. There are few cases reported in the literature relating hypothyroidism and central vestibular disease. The aim of this study was to report a case of a stroke secondary to hypothyroidism that resulted in central vestibular syndrome in a dog. Case: A 13-year-old female Pitbull, weighting 37 kg, was referred to a Veterinary University Hospital with a two weeks history of dyspnea, coughing and walking difficulty. On neurological examination, the animal presented vertical nystagmus, somnolence, non-ambulatory tetraparesis, decreased postural reaction in all limbs and normal spinal reflexes. The laboratory exams revealed a mild leukocytosis and increased creatinine, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Due to historical, clinical, neurological and laboratory tests findings, the animal was diagnosed with central vestibular syndrome secondary to an intracranial neoplasm. Clinical treatment was instituted with corticosteroids, however the animal did not respond and died. On necropsy, the heart was enlarged and coronary arteries were thicker. No macroscopic changes were found in the brain. On histological analysis, the coronary arteries were congest by lipids that almost occluded the arterial lumen. The same alteration were found in splenic and renal arterioles, and in the brains leptomeninges. Also in the brain, it was observed perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells and focal gliosis. The thyroid was atrophied and fibrosed bilaterally. Therefore, those changes were compatible with atherosclerosis secondary to hypothyroidism...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Doenças Vestibulares/veterinária , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/veterinária , Infarto do Miocárdio/veterinária , Isquemia Miocárdica/veterinária , Aterosclerose/veterináriaResumo
Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterised by recurrent epileptic seizures. Various antiepileptic drugs are used for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for long-term treatment in dogs. Although it is well tolerated, phenobarbital can cause liver injury if administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Therefore, the main of this study was to identify dogs with presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy and information about the antiepileptic drugs, the dose and frequency of administration, period of treatment, frequency of the seizure before and after start the treatment, complementary exams and adverse effects. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study were included 21 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. All dogs were examined and having blood taken for blood count, biochemical tests (ALT, AST, AP, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, amylase, lipase, cholesterol and triglycerides), measurement of serum phenobarbital and/or potassium bromide and, some dogs, free T4 by dialysis and canine TSH. In this study, it was observed monotherapy (phenobarbital) in 76.19% (16/21), double therapy (phenobarbital and potassium bromide) in 19.05% (4/21) and triple therapy (phenobarbital, potassium bromide and gabapentin) in 4.76% (1/21) of dogs. The phenobarbital was used as monotherapy with dose between 1.4 and 12 mg kg-1 and the median of serum concentration was 26.41 μg kg-1. There was significant reduction in the frequency of the seizure after start the treatment. There was refractory to antiepileptic drugs in two dogs (9.5%). In blood analysis, there was increase serum activities of AP (23.81%) and ALT (14.20%), decrease total protein (42.29%), hypoalbuminemia (9.5%) and it was not increased AST activities. The main adverse effects were nodularliver damage and hypothyroidism. [...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Epilepsia/terapia , Epilepsia/veterinária , Fenobarbital/uso terapêutico , Fenobarbital/efeitos adversos , Convulsões/veterinária , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêuticoResumo
Background: Hypothyroidism in dogs can cause lethargy, weight gain, dermatological signs and, uncommonly, neurological signs. These may involve the peripheral or central nervous system, leading to a decreased level of consciousness, central or peripheral vestibular disease, epileptic seizures, cognitive dysfunction, facial nerve paralysis, laryngeal paralysis, and polyneuropathy. There are few cases reported in the literature relating hypothyroidism and central vestibular disease. The aim of this study was to report a case of a stroke secondary to hypothyroidism that resulted in central vestibular syndrome in a dog. Case: A 13-year-old female Pitbull, weighting 37 kg, was referred to a Veterinary University Hospital with a two weeks history of dyspnea, coughing and walking difficulty. On neurological examination, the animal presented vertical nystagmus, somnolence, non-ambulatory tetraparesis, decreased postural reaction in all limbs and normal spinal reflexes. The laboratory exams revealed a mild leukocytosis and increased creatinine, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Due to historical, clinical, neurological and laboratory tests findings, the animal was diagnosed with central vestibular syndrome secondary to an intracranial neoplasm. Clinical treatment was instituted with corticosteroids, however the animal did not respond and died. On necropsy, the heart was enlarged and coronary arteries were thicker. No macroscopic changes were found in the brain. On histological analysis, the coronary arteries were congest by lipids that almost occluded the arterial lumen. The same alteration were found in splenic and renal arterioles, and in the brains leptomeninges. Also in the brain, it was observed perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells and focal gliosis. The thyroid was atrophied and fibrosed bilaterally. Therefore, those changes were compatible with atherosclerosis secondary to hypothyroidism...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Doenças Vestibulares/veterinária , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/veterinária , Infarto do Miocárdio/veterinária , Isquemia Miocárdica/veterinária , Aterosclerose/veterináriaResumo
Background: Secondary neurological disorders hypothyroidism is unusual in dogs, especially when compared with other clinical signs, such as lethargy, weight gain and dermatological alterations. When manifested, these signals refer to the peripheral or central nervous system and the most common include: vestibular disease, seizures, laryngeal paralysis, polyneuropathy and paralysis of the facial nerve. Several reports of neurological disorders associated with hypothyroidism are found in literature, basically international. In the national literature, however, there are few reports on the subject. Thus, the aim of this study was to report a case of facial paralysis associated with hypothyroidism in a dog. Case: A male canine, the boxer race, with 7-year-old were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the UFSM with a history of difficult water and food intake and asymmetry of the face for seven days. On neurological examination, the animal found itself alert and locomotion, postural reactions and segmental reflexes without changes. In the evaluation of the cranial nerves, there was a menace response absent the right side, however with preserved vision, palpebral and lip ptosis of the right side and reflection palpebral absent on the same side. Opposite the historical, clinical, neurological and laboratory test findings, the diagnosis was facial paralysis secondary [...]
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Hipotireoidismo/veterinária , Paralisia Facial/veterinária , Sódio/uso terapêutico , Tiroxina/uso terapêutico , Exame Neurológico/veterináriaResumo
Background: Secondary neurological disorders hypothyroidism is unusual in dogs, especially when compared with other clinical signs, such as lethargy, weight gain and dermatological alterations. When manifested, these signals refer to the peripheral or central nervous system and the most common include: vestibular disease, seizures, laryngeal paralysis, polyneuropathy and paralysis of the facial nerve. Several reports of neurological disorders associated with hypothyroidism are found in literature, basically international. In the national literature, however, there are few reports on the subject. Thus, the aim of this study was to report a case of facial paralysis associated with hypothyroidism in a dog. Case: A male canine, the boxer race, with 7-year-old were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the UFSM with a history of difficult water and food intake and asymmetry of the face for seven days. On neurological examination, the animal found itself alert and locomotion, postural reactions and segmental reflexes without changes. In the evaluation of the cranial nerves, there was a menace response absent the right side, however with preserved vision, palpebral and lip ptosis of the right side and reflection palpebral absent on the same side. Opposite the historical, clinical, neurological and laboratory test findings, the diagnosis was facial paralysis secondary [...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Paralisia Facial/veterinária , Hipotireoidismo/veterinária , Tiroxina/uso terapêutico , Sódio/uso terapêutico , Exame Neurológico/veterináriaResumo
Background: In cases of patellar tendon ruptures, there is a need for primary repair by sutures aiming to restore the extensor mechanism of the knee and prevent degenerative sequelae. Even though the need for temporary immobilization of the joint reconstruction surgeries involving tendons and ligaments, seeks to avoid or minimize the undesirable effects of disuse without any interference at the surgical site. Thus, the objective of this research was to propose a model of joint immobilization adjustable in dogs undergoing patellar tenorrhaphy to allow, in the immediate postoperative period, the achievement of physical therapy modalities without interfering with the healing of the involved structures. Materials, Methods & Results: The dogs were randomly divided into two groups called fixed immobilization or GF (6 dogs) and adjustable or GA (5 dogs) immobilization. Once on plane and restrained in dorsal decubitus, lateral incision was performed on the right knee in dogs GF and GA for total section of the patellar tendon at its insertion 10 mm at the tibial crest. Immediately, it was made with tenorrhaphy modified Kessler suture pattern using monofilament nylon wire nº 1, followed by a Wolff point involving modified Kessler suture with the same type of wire. In both groups, the joint was immobilized femorotibiopatelar percutaneous external fixation biplanar at an angle of 110 [...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Ligamento Patelar/lesões , Ligamento Patelar/cirurgia , Reabilitação/métodos , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/veterinária , CicatrizaçãoResumo
Background: In cases of patellar tendon ruptures, there is a need for primary repair by sutures aiming to restore the extensor mechanism of the knee and prevent degenerative sequelae. Even though the need for temporary immobilization of the joint reconstruction surgeries involving tendons and ligaments, seeks to avoid or minimize the undesirable effects of disuse without any interference at the surgical site. Thus, the objective of this research was to propose a model of joint immobilization adjustable in dogs undergoing patellar tenorrhaphy to allow, in the immediate postoperative period, the achievement of physical therapy modalities without interfering with the healing of the involved structures. Materials, Methods & Results: The dogs were randomly divided into two groups called fixed immobilization or GF (6 dogs) and adjustable or GA (5 dogs) immobilization. Once on plane and restrained in dorsal decubitus, lateral incision was performed on the right knee in dogs GF and GA for total section of the patellar tendon at its insertion 10 mm at the tibial crest. Immediately, it was made with tenorrhaphy modified Kessler suture pattern using monofilament nylon wire nº 1, followed by a Wolff point involving modified Kessler suture with the same type of wire. In both groups, the joint was immobilized femorotibiopatelar percutaneous external fixation biplanar at an angle of 110 [...]
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Ligamento Patelar/cirurgia , Ligamento Patelar/lesões , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/veterinária , Reabilitação/métodos , CicatrizaçãoResumo
Background: Meningioma is the most common brain tumor in dogs. These extra-axial tumors originate in one of the meninges, and arachnoid is the most common. Several retrospective studies of brain tumors are found in the international literature. However there are few researches in the national literature. The purpose of this study is to report twelve dogs with brain meningioma. The breed, gender, age, neurological signs, the brain location, the clinical evolution, the tumor classification and diagnostics tests were investigated. Cases: Twelve dogs were attended at Veterinary Hospital of Santa Maria University: six mixed-breeds; four Boxer; a Dachshund; and a Poodle. The age ranged from eight to 14 years, with average of ten years and nine months old. The clinical signs observed were generalized seizures (9/12); behavioral changes (6/12); walk in circle (5/12); swallowing difficulty (2/12 [16%]); hypermetria (2/12); central vestibular syndrome (1/12); and amaurosis (1/12). The presumptive diagnosis was brain neoplasm in all dogs. Six dogs were underwent symptomatic treatment with corticosteroids and anticonvulsants; two dogs were underwent corticosteroids; and four were euthanized without performing treatment. After starting treatment, four dogs (50%) showed clinical improvement in the first week, however, the clinical signs worsened after two weeks. The thalamus-cortex region [...]
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo , Meningioma/veterinária , Neoplasias Encefálicas/veterináriaResumo
Background: Renal urolithiasis is the third most common disease of the urinary tract of dogs. In humans, staghorn lithiasis affects 1 to 1.5% of the population, often women over 50 years old. In veterinary medicine, this type of lithiasis has been little reported, and there are few descriptions of treatment, both in small and large animals. The objective of this work is to report a rare case of renal staghorn stones treated by laparoscopic nephrotomy. Case: A six-year-old female schnauzer with 6 kg body weight was evaluated clinically in order to spay. According to the owner, the animal showed polydipsia. Additional tests such as blood count, serum biochemistry, radiography and abdominal ultrasound were done, showing hematological examinations within the standards for the species. After the ultrasound we noticed an asymmetric kidneys with the right kidney with preserved cortical layer and hyperechoic line corticomedullary interface, with posterior acoustic shadow and left kidney with relative/corticomedullary differentiation and pelvis preserved without alteration; this evocative image of kidney stones in kidney right. In abdominal radiographs was possible to visualize radiopaque mass in the right kidney compatible with renal staghorn stones. Excretory urography was done, which demonstrated evident excretion of contrast material in the left kidney and the right kidney doubtful.[...]
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cálculos Renais/veterinária , Laparoscopia/veterinária , Rim/cirurgia , Urolitíase/cirurgia , Urolitíase/veterinária , RimResumo
Background: Melanoma is a primary ocular neoplasm that may affect the iris, ciliary body, the choroid coat and others components of the eye. The ocular melanomas have a low metastatic level in dogs when compared to cats. Old animals are more affected than the young ones and there is no breed predilection. A complete eye examination and ocular ultrasound will lead to the diagnosis that will be further confirmed through histopathology. Current treatment of choice is based on the size and the structures involved by the tumor that can range from local resection to orbital exenteration. The objective of this study is to report a case of iris melanoma involving the ciliary body and the choroid coat of a Poodle, emphasizing its clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment. Case: This study reports a case of an intact male canine Poodle, 15 years old, weighing 5 kg that was referred for care to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. The owner initially presented a history of a progressive increase dark-colored intraocular volume in the right eye iris of the dog. On the clinical examination, no abnormality was found. On the ophthalmic examination, the right eye possessed misshapen pupil, hyperemia ocular conjunctiva (+) and diffuse corneal opacity (+) with paracentral pigmentation between 7-10 hour. On biomicroscopic examination, using a [...]
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Corioide , Corpo Ciliar , Melanoma/veterinária , Neoplasias da Íris/veterinária , Exenteração Orbitária/veterináriaResumo
Background: Intervertebral disc disease is a usual neurological disorder in dogs, which the spinal cord is compressed by intervertebral disc extrusion or protrusion. Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy isan acute infarction disease of spinal cord caused by fibrocartilaginous emboli histologically identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs. The aim of this report is present two cases of fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy in dogs with intervertebral disc disease. Cases: Two dogs - dachshund breed - were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the UFSM. In the first case, the dog was three years old and the owner described complete inability to move the pelvic limbs. The neurological examination revealed paraplegia, postural reactions deficits, normal spinal reflexes and muscle tonus in the hind limbs, pain on palpation in T12-T11 region and loss of deep pain in hind limbs. In the other case, the dog was seven years old and the owner described partial inability to move four limbs. The neurological examination revealed non-ambulatory tetraparesis, postural reactions deficit, normal spinal reflexes in four limbs and pain on palpation in cervical spine. In both cases, the presumptive diagnosis was intervertebral disc disease and surgical treatment was indicated. The dog with thoracolumbar injury died during the anesthesia and the dog with cervical [...]
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Disco Intervertebral/patologia , Embolia/etiologia , Embolia/veterinária , Fibrocartilagem , Doenças da Medula Espinal/veterináriaResumo
Background: Meningioma is the most common brain tumor in dogs. These extra-axial tumors originate in one of the meninges, and arachnoid is the most common. Several retrospective studies of brain tumors are found in the international literature. However there are few researches in the national literature. The purpose of this study is to report twelve dogs with brain meningioma. The breed, gender, age, neurological signs, the brain location, the clinical evolution, the tumor classification and diagnostics tests were investigated. Cases: Twelve dogs were attended at Veterinary Hospital of Santa Maria University: six mixed-breeds; four Boxer; a Dachshund; and a Poodle. The age ranged from eight to 14 years, with average of ten years and nine months old. The clinical signs observed were generalized seizures (9/12); behavioral changes (6/12); walk in circle (5/12); swallowing difficulty (2/12 [16%]); hypermetria (2/12); central vestibular syndrome (1/12); and amaurosis (1/12). The presumptive diagnosis was brain neoplasm in all dogs. Six dogs were underwent symptomatic treatment with corticosteroids and anticonvulsants; two dogs were underwent corticosteroids; and four were euthanized without performing treatment. After starting treatment, four dogs (50%) showed clinical improvement in the first week, however, the clinical signs worsened after two weeks. The thalamus-cortex region [...](AU)