Resumo
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ambient temperature (T) and feeding time (FT) on eggshell thickness (ST) and egg weight (EW) of broiler breeder hens. Thirty 44-week-old Ross 308 broiler breeder hens were randomly distributed into six environmentally controlled chambers and kept in individual cages. Three thermal treatments were applied: 20 ºC (T1), cyclic 20-30 ºC (30 °C between 1000 h and 1800 h) (T2), and 30 ºC (T3). Birds received 180 g of commercial breeder food at 0730 h (FT1) or 1530 h (FT2). There were two replications per treatment and egg collection was performed for seven days. The eggs from the birds at T1 and T2 fed at 1530 h (T1FT2 and T2FT2 respectively) were significantly heavier than those laid by hens at the same T when fed in the morning (T1FT1 and T2FT1); eggs from T1FT1 and T2FT1 were heavier than the eggs from T3, but there were no significant differences between them. Both T and FT had significant effects on ST, but no significant interactions were found. Birds fed at 1530 h had the highest ST, whilst birds at T3 showed the lowest. Birds on T2 produced the thickest shells due to a higher ST in birds fed at 1530 h. Birds fed at 1530 h consumed their food between 1800 h and 2030 h, resulting in a higher dietary Ca2 + available during shell mineralization. The effect of FT and biphasic T treatments on ST in feed restricted broiler breeders should be interpreted considering the length of the high T phase to the actual food consumption time.(AU)
Assuntos
Temperatura , Ingestão de Alimentos , Casca de Ovo , GalinhasResumo
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la utilización de distintas mediciones como predictores del peso de la pechuga. En la experiencia 1 se utilizaron 32 pollos Anak y 32 pollos Ross, muestreados al azar de dos lotes de 400 animales de cada genotipo. A los 53 dias de edad se realizó la faena y una disección de cortes comerciales. Se tomaron los siguientes pesos: peso vivo (PV), de la canal (PC) y de la pechuga (Pch). Se calculó para el análisis la proporción de cada uno sobre el peso vivo (%PC y %Pch). También se midieron el largo y el ancho de la pechuga con calibre. Se observaron diferencias entre genotipos para PV, PC, %PC, Pch y %Pch (p 0,05). Los animales de la línea Ross resultaron más pesados que los Anak, así coma su carcasa, pechuga y proporciones resultaron mayores. La Pch se correlacionó alta y positivamente con el PV. Ninguna de las mediciones con calibre in vivo significó un aumento de consideración en la precisión de la predicción de Pch. En la experiencia 2 se utilizaron 60 pollos INTA-Camperos, muestreados al azar de un lote de 100 animales. A los 69 días de edad se realizaron mediciones in vivo del largo y ancho de la pechuga con calibre, y de la profundidad por ultrasonido previo a la faena, midiéndose los mismos parámetros que en la anterior experiencia. La correlación entre PV y la Pch fue alta y positiva, pero media a baja con las mediciones con calibre. Se obtuvo una buena predicción de Pch (R²=0,75) a partir del peso vivo, del largo y de la profundidad de pechuga. La eliminación de la medición ecográfica no redujo el ajuste del modelo de manera significativa (R²=0,725).
The objective of this study was the evaluation of the use of different measures as predictors of breast weight. Thirty-two Anak chicks and 32 Ross chicks were used for the experiment 1. They were randomly sampled from two populations of 400 broilers of each genotype. A slaughter followed by dissection of commercial cuts was done at 53 days old. The following weights were recorded: live weight (PV), eviscerated carcass (PC), and breast (Pch). Proportions to live weight were also used (%PC, %Pch). Breast height and length were measured with calipers previously to the slaughter. Differences between genotypes were found for PV, PC, %PC, Pch and %Pch (p 0.05). The Ross broilers were heavier than the Anak ones, as theirs carcasses, breasts and proportions were higher. Pch was high correlated with PV, and the calipers measurements did not improve the prediction of Pch and %Pch. Sixty INTA-Campero broilers, randomly sampled from 100, were used for the experiment 2 up to 69 days old. At that age in vivo calipers measures were taken from the length and height of the breast, and ultrasound was used for depth of breast measure. The measured characters at slaughter were the same as those of the experiment 1. An appropriate prediction of Pch was obtained using PV, breast length and breast depth (R²=0,75). The elimination of the ultrasound measurement did not reduce the model fit in an important way (R²=0,725).
Resumo
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la utilización de distintas mediciones como predictores del peso de la pechuga. En la experiencia 1 se utilizaron 32 pollos Anak y 32 pollos Ross, muestreados al azar de dos lotes de 400 animales de cada genotipo. A los 53 dias de edad se realizó la faena y una disección de cortes comerciales. Se tomaron los siguientes pesos: peso vivo (PV), de la canal (PC) y de la pechuga (Pch). Se calculó para el análisis la proporción de cada uno sobre el peso vivo (%PC y %Pch). También se midieron el largo y el ancho de la pechuga con calibre. Se observaron diferencias entre genotipos para PV, PC, %PC, Pch y %Pch (p 0,05). Los animales de la línea Ross resultaron más pesados que los Anak, así coma su carcasa, pechuga y proporciones resultaron mayores. La Pch se correlacionó alta y positivamente con el PV. Ninguna de las mediciones con calibre in vivo significó un aumento de consideración en la precisión de la predicción de Pch. En la experiencia 2 se utilizaron 60 pollos INTA-Camperos, muestreados al azar de un lote de 100 animales. A los 69 días de edad se realizaron mediciones in vivo del largo y ancho de la pechuga con calibre, y de la profundidad por ultrasonido previo a la faena, midiéndose los mismos parámetros que en la anterior experiencia. La correlación entre PV y la Pch fue alta y positiva, pero media a baja con las mediciones con calibre. Se obtuvo una buena predicción de Pch (R²=0,75) a partir del peso vivo, del largo y de la profundidad de pechuga. La eliminación de la medición ecográfica no redujo el ajuste del modelo de manera significativa (R²=0,725).
The objective of this study was the evaluation of the use of different measures as predictors of breast weight. Thirty-two Anak chicks and 32 Ross chicks were used for the experiment 1. They were randomly sampled from two populations of 400 broilers of each genotype. A slaughter followed by dissection of commercial cuts was done at 53 days old. The following weights were recorded: live weight (PV), eviscerated carcass (PC), and breast (Pch). Proportions to live weight were also used (%PC, %Pch). Breast height and length were measured with calipers previously to the slaughter. Differences between genotypes were found for PV, PC, %PC, Pch and %Pch (p 0.05). The Ross broilers were heavier than the Anak ones, as theirs carcasses, breasts and proportions were higher. Pch was high correlated with PV, and the calipers measurements did not improve the prediction of Pch and %Pch. Sixty INTA-Campero broilers, randomly sampled from 100, were used for the experiment 2 up to 69 days old. At that age in vivo calipers measures were taken from the length and height of the breast, and ultrasound was used for depth of breast measure. The measured characters at slaughter were the same as those of the experiment 1. An appropriate prediction of Pch was obtained using PV, breast length and breast depth (R²=0,75). The elimination of the ultrasound measurement did not reduce the model fit in an important way (R²=0,725).