Tratamento de ferida cirúrgica cutânea em ratos com óleo-resina de copaíba (copaíba reticulata) / Treatment of surgical wounds in rats with copaiba oil-resin (copaiba reticulata)

Foi avaliada a atividade cicatrizante do óleo-resina de copaíba "in natura" em feridas cirúrgicas cutâneas induzidas em ratos. Setenta e dois ratos foram distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo Controle Negativo (GCN), Grupo Controle Positivo (GCP) e Grupo Óleo-resina de Copaíba (GOC). A avaliação da hiperemia por escore na macroscopia mostrou que a chance de um animal apresentar um grau de hiperemia baixo quando tratado com o óleo-resina de copaíba é 1,46 vezes maior que um animal tratado com ácidos graxos essenciais e 2,14 vezes maiores que a chance de um animal tratado com óleo mineral. Com relação ao infiltrado inflamatório na microscopia a probabilidade de ser menor ocorre no GOC em comparação com os GCN e GCP. Em relação ao tempo de reepitelização, a chance de um animal apresentar uma reepitelização mais lenta tratado com ácidos graxos essenciais é de 1,2 vezes a chance de um animal tratado com óleo-resina de copaíba. A análise histológica mostrou que o tecido cicatricial após o tratamento com óleo-resina de copaíba apresentou maior contração da ferida e consequentemente redução do tamanho da ferida visto pela aproximação de anexos da pele no corte histológico. Concluiu-se que o tratamento com óleo-resina de copaíba proporciona maior contração da ferida e aproximação dos anexos da pele.

The healing activity of "in natura" oil-resin of copaíba resin was evaluated in cutaneous surgical wounds induced in rats. Seventy-two rats were divided into three groups: Negative Control Group (GCN), Positive Control Group (GCP) and Copaíba Oil-Resin Group (GOC). Evaluation of hyperemia by macroscopic score showed that the chance of an animal presenting a low degree of hyperemia when treated with copaiba oil-resin is 1.46 times higher than an animal treated with essential fatty acids and 2.14 times greater than the chance of an animal treated with mineral oil. With regard to inflammatory infiltrate under microscopy the probability of being smaller occurs in GOC compared to GCN and GCP. Regarding the time of re-epithelialization, the chance of an animal having a slower reepithelization treated with essential fatty acids is 1.2 times the chance of an animal treated with copaiba oil-resin. Histological analysis showed that cicatricial tissue after treatment with copaiba oil-resin presented greater contraction of the wound due to the approximation of skin attachments. It was concluded that the treatment with copaiba oil-resin provides greater contraction of the wound and approximation of the skin attachments.

Clinical and ultrasonographic aspects of benign and malignant mammary tumors in female dogs

Background: Mammary neoplasms in dogs are commonly observed in veterinary clinical routine, most of which beingmalignant. Hormonal stimulation, endogenous or exogenous, may possibly influence its development. In addition to clinicalevaluation, ultrasound analysis can provide information about the characteristics of breast lumps. The association betweenclinical-epidemiological and pathological data is important for diagnosis. Therefore, given the importance of this pathologyfor the health of affected dogs, we aimed to evaluate the clinical and ultrasound alterations, along with the factors associated with the development of benign and malignant mammary neoplasms in female dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: We examined 47 samples from the mammary tumors of 35 female dogs at the Small Animal Clinic of the Veterinary Hospital (HV) of the Santa Cruz State University (UESC). The dogs underwent a completeclinical examination, with clinical staging, via TNM classification, followed by hematological, biochemical, radiologicaland ultrasound, abdominal, and breast exams. Breast ultrasound examination was used to evaluate the shape parameterssuch as, limits, margins or contour, ecotexture, echogenicity, hyperechoic halo, posterior acoustic shading, surroundingchanges, and nodule components. These criteria were associated with the histopathological classification of neoplasms.Epidemiological data was studied through an adapted questionnaire containing information on risk factors associated withbreast cancer. The same questionnaire was applied to tutors of 19, age-matched, female dogs with no history of breastcancer. The results revealed that most female dogs with neoplasia were over eight years of age, with no specific breed andwere not castrated, and 31.4% of them had already been administered with contraceptives during the reproductive period...

Clinical and ultrasonographic aspects of benign and malignant mammary tumors in female dogs

Background: Mammary neoplasms in dogs are commonly observed in veterinary clinical routine, most of which beingmalignant. Hormonal stimulation, endogenous or exogenous, may possibly influence its development. In addition to clinicalevaluation, ultrasound analysis can provide information about the characteristics of breast lumps. The association betweenclinical-epidemiological and pathological data is important for diagnosis. Therefore, given the importance of this pathologyfor the health of affected dogs, we aimed to evaluate the clinical and ultrasound alterations, along with the factors associated with the development of benign and malignant mammary neoplasms in female dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: We examined 47 samples from the mammary tumors of 35 female dogs at the Small Animal Clinic of the Veterinary Hospital (HV) of the Santa Cruz State University (UESC). The dogs underwent a completeclinical examination, with clinical staging, via TNM classification, followed by hematological, biochemical, radiologicaland ultrasound, abdominal, and breast exams. Breast ultrasound examination was used to evaluate the shape parameterssuch as, limits, margins or contour, ecotexture, echogenicity, hyperechoic halo, posterior acoustic shading, surroundingchanges, and nodule components. These criteria were associated with the histopathological classification of neoplasms.Epidemiological data was studied through an adapted questionnaire containing information on risk factors associated withbreast cancer. The same questionnaire was applied to tutors of 19, age-matched, female dogs with no history of breastcancer. The results revealed that most female dogs with neoplasia were over eight years of age, with no specific breed andwere not castrated, and 31.4% of them had already been administered with contraceptives during the reproductive period...(AU)

Avaliação clínica da analgesia pós-operatória proporcionada pelo cetoprofeno associado à morfina pela via intravenosa ou epidural em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia / Clinical evaluation of postoperative analgesia provided by ketoprofen associated with intravenous or epidural morphine in bitches undergoing ovariosalpingohysterectomy

A analgesia multimodal refere-se à prática de associar várias classes de analgésicos ou técnicas para atuar em diferentes pontos ao longo da via da dor. Objetivou-se avaliar clinicamente a qualidade da analgesia pós-operatória promovida pelo cetoprofeno, associado ou não à morfina pela via intravenosa ou epidural, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH). Quarenta cadelas hígidas, pesando 10,7±6,0kg, tranquilizadas com acepromazina (0,05mg.kg-1.iv), induzidas com propofol (5mg. kg-1.iv) e mantidas sob anestesia inalatória com isoflurano, foram distribuídas em quatro grupos de 10 animais cada. Em Miv e CMiv as cadelas receberam após estabilização da anestesia inalatória, 0,2mg. kg-1 de morfina pela via intravenosa, diluídos em 10ml de salina; enquanto que os animais de Mep e CMep receberam 0,1mg.kg-1 de morfina pela via epidural. O cetoprofeno foi administrado na dose 2,0mg.kg-1.im, nos grupos CMiv e CMep, 30 minutos após a medicação pré-anestésica. Mensuraram-se as frequências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (f), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), e temperatura retal (T). O grau de analgesia foi avaliado pelo método cego nas primeiras seis horas após a cirurgia, através de escalas de dor descritivas e escalas compostas por parâmetros fisiológicos e comportamentais. A estatística foi realizada mediante teste de Tukey-Kramer e análise não paramétrica de Kruskal-Walli...(AU)

Multimodal analgesia refers to the practice of combining multiple analgesic drug classes or techniques to target different points along the pain pathway. The objective of this work was to evaluate clinically if ketoprofen associated or not with intravenous or epidural morphine provided adequate postoperative analgesia in bitches undergoing ovariosalpingohysterectomy (OSH). Forty healthy female dogs, weighing 10.7±6.0 kg, sedated with acepromazine (0.05mg kg 1.iv), induced with propofol (5 mg.kg-1. iv) and maintained with isoflurane anesthesia, were distributed into four groups of 10 animals each. After stabilization of inhalation anesthesia, the bitches in Miv and CMiv groups received 0.2 mg.kg-1 of morphine intravenously diluted in 10ml of saline; whereas Mep and CMep groups received 0.1mg.kg-1 of epidural morphine. Thirty minutes after premedication, 2.0mg.kg-1.im of ketoprofen was administered in groups CMiv and CMep. Heart and respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and rectal temperature were measured. The degree of analgesia was assessed by a blind study in the following 6 hours after surgery, using a descriptive scale and a scale composed by physiologic and behavioral parameters. An statistical analysis was performed using the Tukey-Kramer test and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, with statistical significance of 5%. There was no important difference between the...(AU)

Agonistas Alfa-2 pela via epidural na analgesia de cães e gatos - revisão de literatura / Alpha-2 agonists by epidural analgesia in dogs and cats ­ review abstract / Alfa-2 agonistas en la analgesia epidural en perros y gatos - revisión de la literatura

O tratamento da dor pós-operatória vem ganhando novo enfoque, principalmente no que se refere à administração de analgésicos pela via epidural, visto que esta modalidade resulta em uma analgesia mais duradoura, com a utilização de doses menores em relação às doses sistêmicas, resultando em mínimos efeitos colaterais. Dentre os analgésicos utilizados, os agentes agonistas alfa-2 de receptores adrenérgicos tem sido uma opção para o tratamento da dor devido a sua potente característica analgésica, sedativa e miorrelaxante. Os fármacos pertencentes a esta classe incluem a xilazina, clonidina, detomidina, romifidina, medetomidina e dexmedetomidina. Objetiva-se com esta revisão de literatura abordar informações sobre o uso dos agonistas alfa-2 pela via epidural em cães e gatos, abrangendo a técnica e os fármacos utilizados na Medicina Veterinária.

The treatment of postoperative pain has made a new focus, especially in regard to epidural injection of analgesic drugs, because it results in a longer lasting analgesia with smaller doses when compare to systemic doses, with minimum collateral effects. Among the used of analgesic drugs, the alpha-2 agonists agents of adrenergic receptors have been an option to the pain treatment due their potent sedative, analgesics and muscle relaxation properties. Xylazine, clonidine, detomidine, romifidine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine are some drugs of this class. The goal of this review is focuses some information about the use of enidural olnho 2 agonists in dogs and cats, including the techniques and the agents used in the Veterinary Medicine.

El tratamiento del dolor postoperatorio ha cobrado nuevo enfoque, especialmente en lo que se refere a la administración de analgesicos epidurales. Esta se ha distinguido, pues da lugar a una analgesia de mayor duración con el uso de dosis más bajas en comparación con dosis sistémicas, con efectos secundarios mínimos. Entre los analgésicos utilizados, los agentes agonistas alfa-2 adrenérgico ha sido una opción para el tratamiento del dolor debido a sus, analgésicos, sedantes y relajantes musculares. Los medicamentos en este grupo incluyen xilazina, clonidina, detomidina, romifidina, medetomidina y dexmedetomidina. Objetivo con esta revisión de la literatura a la información sobre el uso de alfa-2 agonistas por la vía epidural en perros y gatos, incluso su técnica y las drogas utilizadas en medicina veterinaria.

Avaliação clínica da analgesia pós-operatória proporcionada pelo cetoprofeno associado à morfina pela via intravenosa ou epidural em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia / Clinical evaluation of postoperative analgesia provided by ketoprofen associated with intravenous or epidural morphine in bitches undergoing ovariosalpingohysterectomy

A analgesia multimodal refere-se à prática de associar várias classes de analgésicos ou técnicas para atuar em diferentes pontos ao longo da via da dor. Objetivou-se avaliar clinicamente a qualidade da analgesia pós-operatória promovida pelo cetoprofeno, associado ou não à morfina pela via intravenosa ou epidural, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH). Quarenta cadelas hígidas, pesando 10,7±6,0kg, tranquilizadas com acepromazina (0,05mg.kg-1.iv), induzidas com propofol (5mg. kg-1.iv) e mantidas sob anestesia inalatória com isoflurano, foram distribuídas em quatro grupos de 10 animais cada. Em Miv e CMiv as cadelas receberam após estabilização da anestesia inalatória, 0,2mg. kg-1 de morfina pela via intravenosa, diluídos em 10ml de salina; enquanto que os animais de Mep e CMep receberam 0,1mg.kg-1 de morfina pela via epidural. O cetoprofeno foi administrado na dose 2,0mg.kg-1.im, nos grupos CMiv e CMep, 30 minutos após a medicação pré-anestésica. Mensuraram-se as frequências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (f), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), e temperatura retal (T). O grau de analgesia foi avaliado pelo método cego nas primeiras seis horas após a cirurgia, através de escalas de dor descritivas e escalas compostas por parâmetros fisiológicos e comportamentais. A estatística foi realizada mediante teste de Tukey-Kramer e análise não paramétrica de Kruskal-Walli...

Multimodal analgesia refers to the practice of combining multiple analgesic drug classes or techniques to target different points along the pain pathway. The objective of this work was to evaluate clinically if ketoprofen associated or not with intravenous or epidural morphine provided adequate postoperative analgesia in bitches undergoing ovariosalpingohysterectomy (OSH). Forty healthy female dogs, weighing 10.7±6.0 kg, sedated with acepromazine (0.05mg kg 1.iv), induced with propofol (5 mg.kg-1. iv) and maintained with isoflurane anesthesia, were distributed into four groups of 10 animals each. After stabilization of inhalation anesthesia, the bitches in Miv and CMiv groups received 0.2 mg.kg-1 of morphine intravenously diluted in 10ml of saline; whereas Mep and CMep groups received 0.1mg.kg-1 of epidural morphine. Thirty minutes after premedication, 2.0mg.kg-1.im of ketoprofen was administered in groups CMiv and CMep. Heart and respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and rectal temperature were measured. The degree of analgesia was assessed by a blind study in the following 6 hours after surgery, using a descriptive scale and a scale composed by physiologic and behavioral parameters. An statistical analysis was performed using the Tukey-Kramer test and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, with statistical significance of 5%. There was no important difference between the...

Avaliação da manutenção e recuperação anestésica pelo halotano ou sevofluorano em equinos sob ventilação controlada

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